An inflating balloon is not exactly like the expanding universe. One other difference between the universe and our balloon model involves the actual size of the galaxies. Click to see full answer. Hereof, how is the universe like a balloon?
How does your expanding balloon model represent an expanding universe?
How does your expanding balloon model represent an expanding universe? Each dot represents a galaxy. When you inflate the balloon, the dots slowly move away from each other because the rubber stretches in the space between them.
How do you make a model of the expanding universe?
Explore 1. Make a model for the expanding universe. Your teacher will divide the class into pairs. He or she will give you and your partner a balloon and a permanent marker. Use the permanent marker to make four to six small dots on one side of the balloon. Don't put all the dots in a straight line; spread them out a little.
Why doesn't a balloon expand into a spherical shape?
The expansion at any one point is affected by these variations in thickness, and the expanding balloon does not become spherical, thereby generating non-ideal experimental results. After extensive experimentation, a novel balloon made of PVC referred to as a 'Wubble Bubble Ball' was selected as more appropriate for use as a model 1.
How does the balloon model compare to the real world?
As you'll see in the next activity, your balloon model behaves similarly to the real universe. But like any model, it has its limitations. For one thing, the surface of the balloon (where you drew the dots) is two-dimensional, while the universe is three-dimensional.
How do you make an expanding universe model?
0:030:59Space Exploration: Experiment #20 - The Universe is Expanding - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd once it's the size of an orange you're going to take a permanent marker and draw some dots on itMoreAnd once it's the size of an orange you're going to take a permanent marker and draw some dots on it these dots represent the Milky Way galaxy. So now let's keep blowing up the balloon.
How is the universe like a balloon?
The balloon is the universe, and as more air is blown into it, you would see the space or surface area of the universe expanding and every point on its surface getting further and further away from one other.
What experiment proves that the universe is expanding?
In 1929, Edwin Hubble provided the first observational evidence for the universe having a finite age. Using the largest telescope of the time, he discovered that the more distant a galaxy is from us, the faster it appears to be receding into space. This means that the universe is expanding uniformly in all directions.
What is the balloon theory?
The Balloon Theory describes a four step method to help the therapist facilitate growth and understanding, by identifying the underlying fears and defenses, which thwart intimacy and create distance in relationships.
What is the bubble theory of the universe?
The Bubble Theory arises from the nature of cosmic inflation, which views the universe having expanded exponentially in the first tiny fraction of a second after the Big Bang. In this scenario of the 'multiverse' concept, some parts of space-time expanded faster than others. This created 'bubbles' of space-time.
What do the balloon and dots represent in this experiment?
This experiment modeled the expansion of the universe. As the balloon was inflated, the dots moved farther away from the home dot and each other. The results show that the farther away a dot is from the home dot, the faster its movement.
Is it proven that the universe is expanding?
In June 2016, NASA and ESA scientists reported that the universe was found to be expanding 5% to 9% faster than thought earlier, based on studies using the Hubble Space Telescope.
What is cosmic expansion?
Cosmic expansion is an example of the expansion of 3D space in 4D spacetime. For ease of understanding, astronomers generally make an analogy between cosmic expansion and the expansion of a spherical surface in 3D space. In order to vividly illustrate this process, this study analyzed the motion of particles on the surface of a balloon during expansion through both theoretical analysis and experiment, simulated the presence of a small universe on the balloon surface, and investigated the rules governing the motion of particles with regard to: (1) Hubble's law: the relation between the receding velocity of particles and arc length; (2) variation in the Hubble constant with time; (3) variation in the arc length between two particles with time; (4) the motion of an object on the balloon surface. All experimental results fit well with the theoretical analysis. Although the expansion of a balloon and cosmic expansion differ in several essential respects, the former can serve as a valuable means of exploring the concept of cosmic expansion. A balloon expansion experiment requires only simple experimental devices and a basic knowledge of physics, making it a vivid and engaging practical exercise for astronomical courses for middle school to junior undergraduate students.
What is the relationship between cosmic expansion and the expansion of a spherical surface?
Cosmic expansion is an important concept in astronomy. For ease of understanding, astronomers generally draw an analogy between cosmic expansion and the expansion of a spherical surface in 3D space. This study theoretically and experimentally investigates the laws governing the motion of particles on the surface of a balloon during expansion. Firstly, the relevance of Hubble's law to the movement of the surface particles is analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the receding velocity of a particle relative to another particle is proportional to the arc length between the two particles. Secondly, variation in the Hubble constant with time is examined and thirdly, the variation in arc length between two particles with time during balloon expansion is investigated. Finally, the peculiar motion of a small object on the surface of an expanding balloon is investigated. The experimental data are in good agreement with the results of the theoretical analysis. This comparison between cosmic expansion and the expansion of a balloon suggests that these two processes exhibit essential differences but that the expansion of a balloon can be regarded as an appropriate metaphor for cosmic expansion. The experiment described here requires only simple materials, making it convenient for the in-class exploration of cosmic expansion by middle-school students or junior undergraduates.
What is the difference between cosmic and cosmic expansion?
Firstly, the expansion of a balloon involves the expansion of a 2D spherical surface in 3D space while cosmic expansion refers to the expansion of 3D space in 4D spacetime. Secondly, in cosmology, denotes the scale factor of cosmic expansion rather than the radius of the universe. Thirdly, in the standard cosmological model (FLRW) [ 4 ], cosmic expansion satisfies the Friedmann equation, and the evolution of depends on the proportions of various ingredients in the universe. In the early stages of the Big Bang, for the matter-dominated universe, ; for the radiation-dominated universe, . The scale factor can also be expressed as . When , the universe is expanding at a decreasing velocity; when , the universe is expanding at an increasing velocity; when , the universe is expanding at a constant velocity. Interestingly, the radius of the balloon is proportional to , , which corresponds to a universe that is expanding at a decreasing velocity. Thus, despite these differences, the expansion of a balloon can nevertheless be regarded as a vivid and engaging means of illustrating cosmic expansion.
What is the Hubble constant?
the receding velocity of the galaxy, v, is in direct proportion to its distance away from Earth, d. This constitutes the famous Hubble's law: , in which H0 is the Hubble constant. This is interpreted to indicate that the universe is expanding uniformly in all directions, and so all surrounding galaxies are moving away from any central galaxy. Since cosmic expansion was proposed by Hubble, many additional astronomical observations have been made, and there have been many developments in astronomical theory. In 1998, Perlmutter et al concluded, on the basis of observations of a type Ia supernovae, that cosmic expansion is accelerating [ 2 ]. According to existing astronomical observations, baryonic matter and dark matter make up only approximately 4% and 23% of all cosmic ingredients, respectively, and the dark energy that contributes to the acceleration of cosmic expansion occupies the remaining 73% [ 3 ]. Dark matter and dark energy are major issues for both the physics and astronomical communities and continue to arouse great interest.
What do astronomers believe about the universe?
Astronomers believe that the universe is expanding - that all points in the universe are getting farther apart all the time. It's not that stars and galaxies are getting bigger; rather, the space between all objects is expanding with time. You can make a model of the universe to show how this expansion works. ...
Is the balloon model 3D?
For one thing, the surface of the balloon (where you drew the dots) is two-dimensional, while the universe is three-dimensional.
