What species does Rous sarcoma virus infect?
Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (/raʊs/) is a retrovirus and is the first oncovirus to have been described. It causes sarcoma in chickens. As with all retroviruses, it reverse transcribes its RNA genome into cDNA before integration into the host DNA.
Is Rous sarcoma virus contagious?
THE ROUS sarcoma virus (RSV) (1) has long been considered non- contagious. In 1912 it was reported (2) that susceptible chickens did not develop tumors when they were fed tumor tissue or were allowed to intermingle for long periods with chickens bearing Rous sarcomas.
What does Rous sarcoma virus cause?
FOWL SARCOMA The Rous sarcoma virus contains an RNA genome. In addition to this virus, several other RNA viruses have been found to produce tumors in animals, mammary tumors and leukemias in mice, leukemias in cats, and lymphomas in cattle.
How does the Rous sarcoma virus work?
For simple retroviruses, such as the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), post-transcriptional control elements regulate viral RNA splicing, export, stability, and packaging into virions. These RNA sequences interact with cellular host proteins to regulate and facilitate productive viral infections.
What is a sarcoma tumor?
A sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in tissues like bone or muscle. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are the main types of sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas can develop in soft tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues. They can be found in any part of the body.
What is productive infection?
Productive infection proceeds in most susceptible and permissive cell types in a well characterized cascade fashion where viral immediate early proteins interact with host cell proteins and activate transcription of early (E) viral genes.
Is ALV a retrovirus?
Noncoding RNAs in Retrovirus Replication ALV infection of birds results in B-cell lymphomas. The virus often integrates at the bic locus and is frequently associated with c-myc activation (Clurman and Hayward, 1989; Tam et al., 1997).
Are cancers caused by viruses?
Researchers know that there are several viruses that can lead to cancer. For example, the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical and several other cancers. And hepatitis C can lead to liver cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
What did Peyton Rous discover?
Peyton Rous, in full Francis Peyton Rous, (born October 5, 1879, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.—died February 16, 1970, New York, New York), American pathologist whose discovery of cancer-inducing viruses earned him a share of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966.
What causes tumors in chickens?
Certain viruses naturally infect and cause cancer in chickens and turkeys. These include the retroviruses avian leucosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV) and reticuloendothesiosis viruses (REV), and the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV). Infection is very common in birds destined for human consumption.
Is ALV a retrovirus?
Noncoding RNAs in Retrovirus Replication ALV infection of birds results in B-cell lymphomas. The virus often integrates at the bic locus and is frequently associated with c-myc activation (Clurman and Hayward, 1989; Tam et al., 1997).
What do oncogenes cause?
Your cells contain many important genes that regulate cell growth and division. The healthy forms of these genes are called proto-oncogenes. The mutated forms are called oncogenes. Oncogenes cause cells to replicate out of control and can lead to cancer.
Which of the following Nobel Prize winning discoveries were made using Rous sarcoma virus?
First, Peyton Rous was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize for the discovery of RSV (see Fig. 24.11).