How bad was the Haiti earthquake?
The earthquake had major environmental impacts. The built landscapes of Haiti were destroyed. Broken electricity cables started fires which damaged woodland areas in Haiti. There were many landslides that occurred that destroyed natural landscapes and blocked off rural areas.
What are facts about the Haiti earthquake?
Where is Haiti?
- 250,000 lives were lost.
- 5 million people saw their homes reduced to rubble.
- 3,500,000 people were affected. ...
- 1.5 million people were forced to live in makeshift camps with the rainy season just weeks away.
- 4,000 schools were damaged or destroyed, and access to clean water and sanitation were severely compromised.
Were there any fatalities in Haiti earthquake?
Haiti is still recovering from the earthquake of Jan. 12, 2010. It killed an estimated 200,000 and injured 300,000. "Entire hillsides were flattened and many buildings collapsed in the capital ...
What caused the Haiti earthquake?
The epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake was located at the eastern end of the peninsula and was caused by movement on previously unknown thrust faults that form part of the overall fault zone, without rupturing the main strike-slip fault strand.
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Did Haiti earthquake cause a tsunami?
Unusual ten-foot waves hammered the Hispaniola coast shortly after the January 12 Haiti earthquake, killing three and destroying several homes. The devastating January 12 earthquake in Haiti also set off a swarm of unusual tsunamis, which killed three and destroyed several homes, experts said today.
What were the effects of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
The earthquake severely damaged two cities, Le Cayes and Jeremic. More than 50,000 homes were destroyed and another 77,000 damaged. Sixty places of worship, 20 schools, and 25 health centers were among the buildings destroyed or damaged. In addition, 48 foster homes, which care for 1,700 children, were damaged.
Did Haiti ever had a tsunami?
In a total of 2 tidal waves classified as a tsunami since 1842 a total of 303 people died in Haiti. Tsunamis therefore occur only rarely here. The strongest tidal wave registered in Haiti so far reached a height of five meters.
When was the Haiti tsunami?
12 January 2010On 12 January 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti, leaving its capital Port-au-Prince devastated. About 220,000 people were reportedly killed, among them, 102 United Nations staff who lost their lives when the building housing the mission there, known as MINUSTAH, collapsed.
Is Haiti the poorest country in the world?
Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. More than half the population lives under the poverty line, and many people rely on subsistence farming to feed their families.
What type of earthquake was Haiti 2010?
magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquakeA catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital.
When was the last recorded tsunami?
The Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted on January 15, 2022, and produced the strongest atmospheric blast ever recorded on modern instruments. It also generated a tsunami that affected the entire Pacific Ocean, and was recorded in parts of the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
Will there be tsunami in 2021?
In August 2021, an enormous tsunami rippled out into the North Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans.
Was there a tsunami after the 2021 Haiti earthquake?
Tsunami warnings were briefly issued for the Haitian coast. At least 2,248 people were confirmed killed as of 1 September 2021 and more than 12,200 injured, mostly in the Sud Department. An estimated 650,000 people were in need of assistance. At least 137,500 buildings were damaged or destroyed.
What was the most recent tsunami in 2021?
In August 2021, an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 was recorded on the South Sandwich Islands – a British territory in the South Atlantic – creating a tsunami that rippled around the globe, reaching shores over 10,000 km away.
What causes the earth to shake?
The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.
When was the last big earthquake in Haiti?
List of major earthquakesDateRegionMag.2017-09-02Hinche4.3 Mw2011-06-24Port-au-Prince3.5 Mw2010-01-12Port-au-Prince7.0 Mw1994-03-02Port-de-Paix5.4 Mw20 more rows
What impact did the Haiti earthquake have on the environment?
Environmental Impacts: There were many landslides that occurred that destroyed natural landscapes and blocked off rural areas. Important natural and human landmarks, such as the presidential palace were also destroyed. The earthquake also triggered flooding in coastal areas due to tidal waves.
How did the 2010 Haiti earthquake affect the economy?
According to the Inter American Development Bank, the quake caused between $7.8 billion to $8.5 billion in damage. Airport and port damaged. Tourism also suffered as a result of the earthquake. As agricultural farms which caused the already high unemployment rate to surge 2010 Haiti resulted...
What were the short term effects of the Haiti earthquake?
The main port was badly damaged. Eight hospitals collapsed. 100,000 houses were destroyed and 200,000 were damaged. 1.3 million people became homeless.
What problems did Haiti experience after this earthquake?
The 2021 earthquake struck as Haiti was facing multiple crises of an economic, political, security, humanitarian and developmental nature. The country has high levels of poverty and ranks 170 out of 189 countries worldwide on the UN Development Programme's Human Development Report 2020.
How many tsunamis did Haiti have in 2010?
Along with liquefaction and landslides the 2010 Haiti earthquake also caused two three- meter tsunamis. Once the magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck, computer models predicted that a tsunami would hit the nation’s south shore but only produce waves up to 20 centimeters (Lovett, 2010). These computer models were right because the waves that crossed the caribbean were harmless to the distant shores but that was not the case for Haiti itself. The waves that hit the shores of Haiti and the ones that spilled over into the Dominican Republic were up to three-meters in height. The man who discovered these tsunamis was Hermann Fritz, a coastal engineer at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Savannah and when he visited the small town of Jacmel in Haiti, on the southern coast of Haiti, he discovered boats and boulders washed ashore along with walls knocked down by the waves (Lovett, 2010). In one place water surged a meter deep into the barracks of a group of United Nations Soldiers and in another along the shores of the Bay of Port-au-Prince on the western coast of Haiti, water surged more than 70 meters inland killing a grandfather and two young children who stopped to watch (Lovett, 2010).
When was the 2010 Haiti tsunami?
Pararas-Carayannis, George. (2010). Assessment of the tsunamigenic potential along the Northern Caribbean Margin - Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunamis of 12 January 2010 in Haiti. Science of Tsunami Hazards. 29.
What happened in Haiti in 2010?
The Haiti Earthquake struck the capital of Port-au-Prince on January 12th, 2010. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 with its epicenter being only about 15 miles (25km) southwest of the capital and the focus only about 8 miles (13km) from the surface making its effect even greater. This earthquake caused an astonishing amount of damage, loss of life, and displacement resulting in the most fatalities from an earthquake of comparable size (Fritz, 2013, p.1463). On the day of the earthquake in 2010, Port-au-Prince had a population of about 3 million people (DesRoches et at., 2010, p. 1). Due to the significance of this earthquake this story map is going to show what Haiti was like before the earthquake, the aftermath of the earthquake, what geological processes caused the earthquake, the environmental effects/ secondary hazards resulting from the earthquake, and how Haiti is recovering in the following years after the earthquake.
How did the 2010 Haiti earthquake affect the world?
This massive 7.0 earthquake tore through the capital city ,Port-au-Prince, destroying over half of the city's infrastructure and affecting around one third of its nation's people. Yet, this was not the only major earthquake in the world that year because later that year Chile was rocked with a magnitude 8.8 earthquake and tsunami. When you compare Haiti’s earthquake to other major quakes like the one in Chile, Haiti was much more affected by damage and loss of life. Even though the earthquake in Chile was one of a greater magnitude they were much higher on the Human Development Index and had much better infrastructure and governance. The Chile earthquake only had about 600 deaths and only injured around 10,000 (Olson, 2016) while hundreds of thousands died in Haiti. The city of Port-au-prince was one of the most susceptible areas in the world for earthquake destruction due to the country's geographical location and lack of prevention. Haiti’s political economy has been mainly responsible for the historical lack of prevention, leaving its capital city very vulnerable to more earthquakes like the one in 2010. The catastrophic damage Haiti experienced was not only caused by the earthquake but also by the lack of governance, the historical lack of disaster prevention, and the social injustices the Haitian people experience everyday.
What caused the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
The 2010 earthquake that devastated Haiti and its capital, Port-au-Prince, is a result from the Carribean tectonic plate and the North American plate sliding past each other in the east- west direction. This tectonic boundary is a transform plate boundary and the fault is known as a strike-slip fault where a very high amount of tension builds up over time and once it gets to be too much, the tension releases and the plates slide causing a tremendous amount of energy to be released. This release of energy is known as an earthquake, and the magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck Haiti gave the country no chance to survive.
What were the challenges of Haiti before the earthquake?
Before the earthquake Haiti faced many challenges that most countries did not have to worry about including weak political governance, a lack of proper infrastructure, and a lack of basic resources and services. Haiti ranked among the poorest countries in the world with the majority of its people living well below the national poverty line, and after the earthquake it only got worse. An estimated 1.2-2 million people were displaced and around 3 million people, a third of the population, were affected. In the months to come after the earthquake the Haitian people painstakingly waited for foregin aid to arrive. The country needed fresh drinking water, food, medical supplies, and people to come in and help rebuild what was destroyed. The streets were filled with rubble from collapsed buildings, dead bodies, and frightened people looking for open space. With all of this crowding the already crowded streets it made it even harder for foregin aid and other relief efforts to reach all the people in need. The earthquake left behind about 4,000 Olympic sized swimming pools worth of debris and even over a year later only about 2 million cubic tons of debris was removed from the capital city (UNDP, 2011). Though, within a few months after the earthquake a tremendous flood of relief came rushing in totaling at about $13.5 billion in donations and pledges mainly from donor nations and partly from private charities (Knox, 2015). This money was designated to help rebuild the infrastructure as well as provide food, water, and new shelter to the people displaced by the earthquake. Yet, with all of this money coming in it still took years for Haiti to fully recover and in some aspects the country will need more time even after all these years.
What was Haiti's situation before the 2010 earthquake?
Haiti was already in ruins long before the devastating earthquake in 2010 struck the capital city of Port-au-Prince. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the western hemisphere, ranking 145 out of 169 on the UN Human Development Index in 2010 (UNDP 2010). Less than 10% of the total population had access to tap water and less than one third of the population had access to electricity (UNSD 2010). Over half of the population lives on less than 1 US dollar a day and more than three quarters live on less than 2 US dollars a day (UNSD 2010). Haiti had a very poor economic system with its exports only making up about 10% of the country's total GDP along with a steadily declining agriculture sector. This is due to the fact that Haiti's environment has been strongly degraded over the years due to deforestation with only about 3% of Hatian lands being covered by trees. This combined with its very low socioeconomic status left Haiti very vulnerable to a natural disaster. As well as the fact that Haiti had very little recent history with large earthquakes leaving the country very unprepared. There was no seismic network, only one seismic hazard map that was outdated, and buildings codes that were outdated and rarely even used or enforced (DesRoches et al., 2010, p. 3). Haiti had no earthquake preparedness plans and no plans for what to do after an earthquake hit. With all of these factors in place Haiti was a prime candidate for suffering catastrophic loss and destruction when the earthquake struck in 2010.
Where was the 2010 tsunami in Haiti?
Tsunami and earthquake observations were documented along more than 100 km of Hispaniola’s south coast between Pedernales, Dominican Republic and Jacmel, Haiti (Fig. 5 ). The tsunami impact peaked with maximum tsunami heights exceeding 3 m at Jacmel on Haiti’s south coast and tsunami runup of more than 1 m was still observed at Pedernales in the Dominican Republic. Jacmel, which is near the center of the south coast, represents an unfortunate example of a village and harbor located for protection from storm waves but remains vulnerable to tsunami waves with runup doubling from the entrance to the head of the bay. Inundation and tsunami damage were limited to <100 m inland at Jacmel. The 12 January 2010 earthquake itself caused heavy damage and several hundred fatalities at Jacmel. Along Hispaniola’s south coast, eyewitnesses reported one to four main waves usually with an initial recession, which could correspond to a leading depression N-wave of T adepalli and S ynolakis ( 1994 ). At most locations on Hispaniola’s south coast, the first wave arrived within 15 min of the earthquake and wave period estimates range from 5 to 10 min, which is in stark contrast to the sub-minute wave period observed locally at Petit Paradis. The fishermen at Pedernales gathered on the board-walk and recorded the tsunami with cell-phone videos. The people of Haiti and the Dominican Republic exhibited a complete lack of tsunami awareness despite the 1946 Dominican Republic tsunami at Hispaniola’s northeast coast. In sharp contrast, Sri Lankan UN soldiers on duty at Jacmel self-evacuated given the memory of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami (L iu et al., 2005 ).
What happened in Haiti in 2010?
The rapid deployment of a survey team to Haiti after the 12 January 2010 event resulted in the recovery of important data on the characteristics of tsunami impact as well as information on coastal land level changes. The tsunami arrival times recorded by the DART buoy and the Santo Domingo tide gauge indicate that the tsunami on Hispaniola’s south shore was triggered instantly with the earthquake, while the public attention was mostly focused on the Gulf of Gonâve and the Bay of Port-au-Prince. The tsunami flooding inside the Gulf of Gonâve is attributed to a coastal submarine landslide at Petit Paradis, while the source of the tsunami on the south shore of Hispaniola remains to be determined. As with most near-field tsunamis, the waves struck prior to official warnings reaching coastal residents. The lack of self-evacuations resulted in three tsunami fatalities and demonstrated the pivotal importance of community-based education and awareness programs (S ynolakis and B ernard, 2006 ).
What is the fault zone of Haiti?
Haiti, along with the Dominican Republic, shares the island of Hispaniola (76,480 km 2) and occupies roughly the western third (27,450 km 2) of the island (Fig. 1 ). Oblique convergence between the Caribbean and North American plates is partitioned between thrust motion along the north Hispaniola fault zone and two major east–west trending, strike-slip fault systems: the Septentrional fault system in northern Haiti and the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault (EPGF) system in southern Haiti (M anaker et al., 2008; C alais et al., 2010 ). The EPGF fault zone starts offshore to the west of Haiti, bisects Haiti’s southern peninsula and then extends into the Dominican Republic and towards the Muertos trough. Several earthquakes were recorded by French historian M oreau de S aint -M éry (1750–1819) during the French Colonial period (M oreau de S aint -M éry, 1958 ). During the last 500 years, large earthquakes have occurred in Hispaniola (S cherer, 1912; T aber, 1922 ). The 12 January 2010 Haiti M w 7.0 earthquake represents the largest event to rupture the EPGF system since the 21 November 1751 and 3 June 1770 earthquakes, which caused severe damage in Port-au-Prince (P rentice et al., 2010 ). A large earthquake on 18 October 1751 is associated with the offshore Muertos fault (A li et al., 2008 ). Large historical earthquakes in 1564 and 1842 occurred along the Septentrional fault in northwestern Hispaniola (K elleher et al., 1973 ). The 1842 event triggered a tsunami that affected the Port-de-Paix region in northern Haiti. They were followed by a tsunamigenic sequence of M w 7.5 to 8.1 events between 1946 and 1953 in the northeast of the Dominican Republic (M ann et al., 1995 ). On 4 August 1946 an M w 8.1 earthquake struck off the northeastern shore of Hispaniola resulting in a destructive tsunami with 1,790 fatalities in the Dominican Republic and observed runup in Puerto Rico (O’L oughlin and L ander, 2003 ). Examples of historical tsunamis in the Caribbean further west along the EPGF zone include the disastrous 1692 Port Royal landslide generated tsunami in Jamaica, caused by a slump into Kingston harbor killing some 2,000 (E llis, 1892; P awson and B uisseret, 1975 ), and a smaller tsunami associated with the 1907 Kingston earthquake (F uller, 1907 ). At least ten significant tsunamis have been documented in the northern Caribbean since 1498, six of which are known to have resulted in loss of life (O’L oughlin and L ander, 2003; P arsons and G eist, 2008 ). Rapid population increase in the Caribbean exposes more coastal residents to future tsunami events (G rindlay et al., 2005 ).
Where was the tsunami in Port-au-Prince?
A coastal landslide generated tsunami was surveyed at Petit Paradis inside the Bay of Grand Goâve located 45 km west–southwest of Port-au-Prince ( http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100225/full/news.2010.93.html ). Approximately 400 m of coastline failed co-seismically resulting in a land loss of up to 100 m in cross-shore direction based on pre- and post-earthquake satellite imagery shown in Fig. 3. The landslide generated tsunami was only observed along adjacent coastlines within a few kilometers both to the east and west of the landslide source. The tsunami peaked with maximum tsunami heights exceeding 3 m at Petit Paradis less than a kilometer to the east of the landslide source. The cross-shore inundation distances remained below 100 m. Several independent eyewitnesses confirmed the co-seismic nature of the coastal landslide and the subsequent tsunami arrival within less than a minute of the earthquake. The eyewitness reports indicate a single main wave with a flooding duration of tens of seconds. The sub-minute wave period and tsunami arrival time at Petit Paradis along with the coastal land loss and localized tsunami impact identify a coastal submarine landslide as tsunami source (Fig. 4 a–d). Sub-minute to minute wave periods have been determined for other landslide tsunamis such as Lituya Bay, Alaska, in 1958 (F ritz et al., 2009 ). Multibeam and chirp surveys mapped the submarine sediment deformations and offshore landslide tracks in the Bay of Grand Goâve (H ornbach et al., 2010 ). The triggered tsunami waves caused at least three confirmed fatalities, damaged houses and destroyed fishing boats at Petit Paradis. Eyewitnesses observed the three victims consisting of two boys at pre-school age accompanied by their grandfather standing in the field staring at the engulfing landslide to be washed away by the tsunami seconds later. The victims did not try to evacuate. Unfortunately, the people of Haiti had neither the ancestral knowledge nor educational awareness of tsunami hazards that saved many natives from near-field tsunamis in the Solomon Islands in 2007 (F ritz and K alligeris, 2008 ). In addition, coastal land-level changes in the submeter range are documented along coastlines near the epicenter along the Gulf of Gonâve. Coastal uplift was observed at Léogâne located 30 km west of Port-au-Prince and subsidence at Petit Goâve located 10 km west of Grand Goâve (Fig. 4 e–g). Numerous non-tsunamigenic sites with liquefaction and lateral spreading were identified (G reen et al., 2011; O lson et al., 2011 ). A fast-tide like oscillation with submeter tsunami height was reported by eyewitnesses at Luly located 50 km north of Grand-Goâve (Fig. 4 h).
Where is the tsunami measured?
Tsunami flow depths and runup heights measured along coastlines in the Gulf of Gonâve and along Hispaniola’s south coast
Where was the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
2010 Haiti earthquake, large-scale earthquake that occurred January 12, 2010, on the West Indian island of Hispaniola, comprising the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island.
What caused the Haiti earthquake?
Geologists initially blamed the earthquake on the movement of the Caribbean tectonic plate eastward along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden (EPG) strike-slip fault system. However, when no surface deformationwas observed, the rupturing of the main strand of the fault system was ruled out as a cause. The EPG fault system makes up a transform boundary that separates the Gonâve microplate—the fragment of the North American Plate upon which Haiti is situated—from the Caribbean Plate.
What were the buildings that were destroyed in the Haiti earthquake?
Without adequate reinforcement, the buildings disintegrated under the force of the quake, killing or trapping their occupants. In Port-au-Prince the cathedral and the National Palace were both heavily damaged, as were the United Nationsheadquarters, national penitentiary, and parliament building. The city, already beset by a strained and inadequate infrastructureand still recovering from the two tropical storms and two hurricanes of August–September 2008, was ill-equipped to deal with such a disaster. Other affected areas of the country—faced with comparable weaknesses—were similarly unprepared.
How deep was the earthquake in Haiti?
Occurring at a depth of 8.1 miles (13 km), the temblor was fairly shallow, which increased the degree of shaking at the Earth’s surface. The shocks were felt throughout Haiti and the Dominican Republic as well as in parts of nearby Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. The densely populated region around Port-au-Prince, located on the Gulf of Gonâve, was among those most heavily affected. Farther south the city of Jacmelalso sustained significant damage, and to the west the city of Léogâne, even closer to the epicentrethan Port-au-Prince, was essentially leveled.
Where did the Haitian earthquake happen?
The earthquake hit at 4:53 pmsome 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. The initial shock registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was soon followed by two aftershocks of magnitudes 5.9 and 5.5. More aftershocksoccurred in the following days, including another one of magnitude 5.9 that struck on January 20 at Petit Goâve, a town some 35 miles (55 km) west of Port-au-Prince. Haiti had not been hit by an earthquake of such enormity since the 18th century, the closest in force being a 1984 shock of magnitude 6.9. A magnitude-8.0 earthquake had struck the Dominican Republic in 1946.
What caused the earthquake in the Caribbean?
Geologists initially blamed the earthquake on the movement of the Caribbean tectonic plate eastward along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden (EPG) strike-slip fault system. However, when no surface deformation was observed, the rupturing of the main strand of the fault system was ruled out as a cause.
How many people were affected by the earthquake?
It was estimated that some three million people were affected by the quake—nearly one-third of the country’s total population. Of these, over one million were left homeless in the immediate aftermath. In the devastated urban areas, the displaced were forced to squat in ersatz cities composed of found materials and donated tents. Looting—restrained in the early days following the quake—became more prevalent in the absence of sufficient supplies and was exacerbated in the capital by the escape of several thousand prisoners from the damaged penitentiary. In the second week of the aftermath, many urbanites began streaming into outlying areas, either of their own volition or as a result of governmental relocation programs engineered to alleviate crowded and unsanitary conditions.
What magnitude earthquake caused the Haiti tsunami?
Yet the Haiti tsunami swarm was unusual, since earthquakes usually need to be bigger than the recent magnitude 7.0 quake to spawn the killer waves, said Fritz, whose team will present its findings Wednesday at the American Geophysical Union's Ocean Sciences Meeting in Portland, Oregon.
Where did the Haiti earthquake hit?
At least one wave hit the shore as far as 62 miles (100 kilometers) away from the earthquake's epicenter, near Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Tsunamis are rare though not unheard of in the Caribbean—a 1946 wave in the Dominican Republic killed nearly 2,000 people, said Hermann Fritz, a civil and coastal engineer who worked with a team from Haiti's ...
How many homes were destroyed in the Haiti earthquake?
Unusual ten-foot waves hammered the Hispaniola coast shortly after the January 12 Haiti earthquake, killing three and destroying several homes. The devastating January 12 earthquake in Haiti also set off a swarm of unusual tsunamis, which killed three and destroyed several homes, experts said today. Though surveying damage and rescuing survivors ...
Why did Fritz and colleagues visit Haiti after the recent earthquake?
Fritz and colleagues visited Haiti after the recent earthquake to look for physical evidence of the tsunamis, which had been detected by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Caribbean buoys. Satellite images gave the team possible locations of wave impacts.
What causes tectonic tsunamis?
Tectonic tsunamis are caused by the movement of plates on the seafloor. Landslide-generated tsunamis occur when unstable land collapses into the water following an earthquake.
How high are the waves in Haiti?
The waves, which averaged about ten feet (three meters) high , slammed shores along the Bay of Port-au-Prince and the southern coast of the island of Hispaniola (see map ), which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
Where did the landslide tsunami happen?
Landslide tsunamis are more localized and are usually much smaller. In Haiti, a man and two boys were killed by a landslide wave at Grand Goave, a town along the Bay of Port-au-Prince, as they watched from the shore, the team's survey found. Several coastal homes were also swept out into the water.
When did the Haiti earthquake happen?
Massive earthquake strikes Haiti - HISTORY. On January 12, 2010, Haiti is devastated by a massive earthquake. It drew an outpouring of support from around the globe but the small nation has yet to fully. On January 12, 2010, Haiti is devastated by a massive earthquake.
What happened in Haiti in 2010?
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images. On January 12, 2010, Haiti is devastated by a massive earthquake. It drew an outpouring of support from around the globe but the small nation has yet to fully recover. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, due largely to its history of colonization, occupation and exploitation by Spain, ...
How many people were in tents during the Haiti earthquake?
A million people on the island lived in tents, and a cholera epidemic that began in October claimed over 3,300 more lives. Whether or not Haiti has yet fully recovered is a matter of debate, but the effects of the earthquake were palpable for the next decade. Citation Information. Article Title.
How far away was the 2010 earthquake?
The tremor was felt as far away as Cuba and Venezuela, but the epicenter of the 7.0-magnitude quake was just 16 miles away from Port-au-Prince. Eight aftershocks followed the same day, and at least 52 were recorded over the next two weeks. The effects were catastrophic.
How much money did Hope for Haiti raise?
The "Hope for Haiti" telethon on January 22nd broke records by raising $58 million in one day. Though the humanitarian response was immediate and overwhelming, Haiti's crippled infrastructure made the delivery of aid difficult. The situation was still classified as an emergency six months after the earthquake.
How many people died in Haiti?
The human toll was horrific and remains incalculable. Some estimates put the number of deaths around 40-50,000, while the Haitian government estimated that over 316,000 died, but all authorities acknowledge that the death toll is impossible to truly count. Something approaching 1 million people were displaced.
Why is Haiti so poor?
Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, due largely to its history of colonization, occupation and exploitation by Spain, France and the United States. It also has a history of seismic activity—devastating earthquakes were recorded there in 1751, 1770, 1842 and 1946. The island of Hispaniola, which Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic, lies mostly between two large tectonic plates, the North American and the Caribbean. The Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince practically straddles this fault-line. Despite this knowledge and warnings from seismologists that another earthquake was likely in the near future, the country's poverty meant that infrastructure and emergency services were not prepared to handle the effects of a natural disaster.
When was the 2010 Haiti tsunami?from storymaps.arcgis.com
Pararas-Carayannis, George. (2010). Assessment of the tsunamigenic potential along the Northern Caribbean Margin - Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunamis of 12 January 2010 in Haiti. Science of Tsunami Hazards. 29.
What caused the 2010 Haiti earthquake?from storymaps.arcgis.com
The 2010 earthquake that devastated Haiti and its capital, Port-au-Prince, is a result from the Carribean tectonic plate and the North American plate sliding past each other in the east- west direction. This tectonic boundary is a transform plate boundary and the fault is known as a strike-slip fault where a very high amount of tension builds up over time and once it gets to be too much, the tension releases and the plates slide causing a tremendous amount of energy to be released. This release of energy is known as an earthquake, and the magnitude 7.0 earthquake that struck Haiti gave the country no chance to survive.
How many tsunamis did Haiti have?from nature.com
The Haiti earthquake triggered a number of tsunamis that were not predicted by models. Credit: Hermann Fritz. In addition to smashing buildings and killing more than 200,000 people, Haiti's devastating 12 January earthquake produced two 3-metre tsunamis, scientists announced on 24 February at a meeting in Portland, Oregon.
What were the challenges of Haiti before the earthquake?from storymaps.arcgis.com
Before the earthquake Haiti faced many challenges that most countries did not have to worry about including weak political governance, a lack of proper infrastructure, and a lack of basic resources and services. Haiti ranked among the poorest countries in the world with the majority of its people living well below the national poverty line, and after the earthquake it only got worse. An estimated 1.2-2 million people were displaced and around 3 million people, a third of the population, were affected. In the months to come after the earthquake the Haitian people painstakingly waited for foregin aid to arrive. The country needed fresh drinking water, food, medical supplies, and people to come in and help rebuild what was destroyed. The streets were filled with rubble from collapsed buildings, dead bodies, and frightened people looking for open space. With all of this crowding the already crowded streets it made it even harder for foregin aid and other relief efforts to reach all the people in need. The earthquake left behind about 4,000 Olympic sized swimming pools worth of debris and even over a year later only about 2 million cubic tons of debris was removed from the capital city (UNDP, 2011). Though, within a few months after the earthquake a tremendous flood of relief came rushing in totaling at about $13.5 billion in donations and pledges mainly from donor nations and partly from private charities (Knox, 2015). This money was designated to help rebuild the infrastructure as well as provide food, water, and new shelter to the people displaced by the earthquake. Yet, with all of this money coming in it still took years for Haiti to fully recover and in some aspects the country will need more time even after all these years.
How high was the tsunami in Chile?from sos.noaa.gov
The tsunami caused the greatest devastation and 124 deaths in Chile, where waves reached as high as 29 m or 95 ft. on the mainland, over 18 m or 60 ft. in its Juan Fernandez Islands, and over 4 m or 14 ft. at Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Outside of Chile tsunami wave heights exceeded 1 m or 3 ft.
Which plate boundary is Haiti on?from haiti-earthquake2010.weebly.com
Haiti is situated to the north of the Caribbean plate, on a transform or conservative plate boundary. In the case of the Haiti earthquake, the Caribbean and north american plates slid past one another causing friction, therefore creating an earthquake.
How many people were killed in the Haiti earthquake?from storymaps.arcgis.com
According to the national authorities this massive 7.0 earthquake killed over 300,000 people, injured another 300,000, and left about 1.3 million people displaced and homeless (GOH 2010). This massive quake completely destroyed about 105,000 homes while damaging another 208,000. More than 1,300 educational buildings were destroyed and more than 50 hospitals and health care centers either collapsed or were unstable. On top of all that more than 180 government buildings collapsed including most of the key government offices, and most importantly the Presidential Palace and Parliament (GOH 2010).
