Are there ferns in Hawai‘i?
Pe‘ahi fern courtesy of Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Somewhat confusingly, two attractive fern species in Hawai‘i share the name laua‘e. One is endemic to these islands, i.e., found only here; the other hails from Western Australia. Both are beloved by lei makers and Hawaiian cultural practitioners.
What does a Hawaiian fern look like?
The fronds of young ʻamaʻu ferns are a distinctive red color, eventually turning a glossy green as they mature. In addition to the unique red fronds, ʻamaʻu can also be distinguished from the similar-looking hāpuʻu tree ferns in that they are not as finely divided. The fern has a large role in Hawaiian folklore.
Where do laua‘e ferns grow?
The laua‘e fern at left is indigenous to Australia, ubiquitous now in Hawai‘i. At right is the laua‘e also known as pe‘ahi, underside shown at top, front side below. Pe‘ahi fern courtesy of Olinda Rare Plant Nursery Somewhat confusingly, two attractive fern species in Hawai‘i share the name laua‘e.
Where can I find the ʻamaʻu fern?
The pig deity Kamapuaʻa occasionally took the form of ʻamaʻu, and one translation of Halemaʻumaʻu, the crater in the heart of Kīlauea caldera, is "house of the ʻamaʻu fern." Hāpuʻu are the largest tree ferns in Hawaiʻi, capable of reaching an astounding 35 feet (10.7 m) in height. Look for these giants near the summit of Kīlauea.
What is the Hawaiian word for fern?
KupukupuKupukupu (ʻōkupukupu, general name for ferns.
What states do ferns grow?
Western chain fern (Woodwardia fimbriata) The western chain fern is the largest American fern and is found not only in California but also along the western half of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Its population extends south to Baja California as well as east to Nevada and Arizona.
How many ferns are there in Hawaii?
Description. This is a key to the native and naturalized ferns of the Hawaiian Islands. There are 145 native species of ferns of which 111 are endemic and 34 and indigenous. In addition, there are 18 known endemic hybrids and 37 naturalized taxa (including species, subspecies, varieties, and cultivars).
Where do ferns mostly grow?
Ecologically, the ferns are most commonly plants of shaded damp forests of both temperate and tropical zones. Some fern species grow equally well on soil and upon rocks; others are confined strictly to rocky habitats, where they occur in fissures and crevices of cliff faces, boulders, and taluses.
Are ferns heat tolerant?
Hardy ferns are tolerant of cold winter temperatures and can be grown outdoors year-round. Many ferns are both cold and heat tolerant — these make the best garden plants for the South.
Are ferns native to the USA?
Eastern North American native ferns are available in a vast array of sizes, forms and textures and thrive in a variety of habitats. Many ferns present a combination of both fertile (with spores) and infertile (without spores) fronds that add an additional element of interest to their growth and texture.
What are native Hawaiian plants?
Endemic plants such as hāpuʻu (Hawaiian tree fern) and wiliwili (Hawaiian coral tree) are found only in Hawaiʻi, while indigenous plants such as the palapalai (lace fern) and ʻaʻaliʻi (hopbush) were found growing in Hawaiʻi, but are also found in other parts of the world.
What does HAPU mean in Hawaiian?
Hapuu (Hawaiian tree fern) Page 1.
Are staghorn ferns native to Hawaii?
Uluhe or false staghorn ferns (Dicranopteris linearis) are indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands, Polynesia, and across the tropics throughout the world.
Do ferns like sun or shade?
Ferns are a natural inhabitant of shady areas, most commonly found where they will get at least some sun during part of the day or where they will receive dappled sunlight most of the day. In fact most ferns will not grow that well in real dense shade, they need a bit of sun to grow their best.
How long does a fern live?
Indoor ferns can last for many years – even decades – with proper care and attention. One family in Virginia claim to have maintained their Boston fern for over 114 years! With re-potting and propagation, single plants can be regenerated again and again, making such advanced ages possible.
Are ferns toxic to dogs?
Yes, ferns are toxic to dogs. Toxic ferns often have poisonous leaves and berries, which can cause diarrhea, stomach pain, and vomiting in dogs. Some dogs can also experience skin inflammation upon contact with these toxic varieties. We recommend that pet parents assume their ferns are poisonous if they are unsure.
Where are ferns found?
Distribution and abundance. Geographically, ferns are most abundant in the tropics. Arctic and Antarctic regions possess few species. On the other hand, a small tropical country such as Costa Rica may have more than 900 species of ferns—about twice as many as are found in all of North America north of Mexico.
Do ferns grow in Missouri?
They grow most abundantly, however, in the shady, moist understory of temperate forests and in rainforests at all latitudes, where they often grow on trees. Of the 10,000-12,000 species of ferns and "fern allies" living today, only 69 are found in Missouri.
Does Maine have ferns?
There are at least 12 species of ferns native to Maine, so take a look at this Maine YardScaping: Native Fern List as a tool to help you identify them.
Do ferns grow in Kansas City?
Royal Fern O. regalis var spectabilis grows happily in the far eastern part of Kansas and throughout the eastern third of North America. Royal fern has attractive bright green foliage and rust colored spore plumes. It prefers moist, somewhat acidic soil and shade though it can handle sun if the soil is kept wet.
How tall are Hawaiian ferns?from nps.gov
Hāpuʻu. Hāpuʻu are the largest tree ferns in Hawaiʻi, capable of reaching an astounding 35 feet (10.7 m) in height. Look for these giants near the summit of Kīlauea. There are two varieties commonly seen in the park, hāpuʻu ʻiʻi and hāpuʻu pulu.
What is the Hawaiian word for a lace fern?from nps.gov
Palaʻā, also known as lace fern, is important in hula and often used in lei. The word palaʻā in Hawaiian means brownish-red, referring to the dye color extracted from older fronds. In Native Hawaiian tradition, Hiʻiaka, the favorite sister of the volcanic deity Pele, battled a a moʻo (lizard) wearing a skirt of palaʻā.
What is the color of a fern?from nps.gov
The fronds of young ʻamaʻu ferns are a distinctive red color, eventually turning a glossy green as they mature. In addition to the unique red fronds, ʻamaʻu can also be distinguished from the similar-looking hāpuʻu tree ferns in that they are not as finely divided. The fern has a large role in Hawaiian folklore. The pig deity Kamapuaʻa occasionally took the form of ʻamaʻu, and one translation of Halemaʻumaʻu, the crater in the heart of Kīlauea caldera, is "house of the ʻamaʻu fern."
How to get to Fern Grotto?from kauai.com
The best way to get to Fern Grotto is to take one of the Wailua River Cruises. On your twenty-minute trip up the river, you will learn about the history of the Wailua River Valley while enjoying Hawaiian songs and entertainment. The entire tour takes about an hour and a half.
What is the name of the land along the river that was the birthplace of the Hawaiian royal family?from smithskauai.com
Lands along the river were the sacred capital of ancient Kauai and the birthplace of the island’s ali‘i, or royalty. At the Fern Grotto landing, you’ll enjoy a short nature walk through the rainforest to the lush Fern Grotto. The Fern Grotto is a geological wonder of Kauai.
What to see on a Hawaiian river cruise?from smithskauai.com
During the two mile river journey, you’ll hear songs and stories of ancient Hawaii — like the King’s Highway, sacred Mount Kapu, and the First Hau Tree. In addition, guests enjoy learning the hula during a lesson provided by one of our cousins. Everyone gets into the act during the river cruise!
What were the first vascular plants to colonize the Hawaiian Islands?from nps.gov
Ferns. Arriving as spores carried on the wind, ferns were among the first vascular plants to colonize the young Hawaiian Islands when they were newly formed. About 200 species of ferns can now be found across the entire island chain. Sixty-five percent of these species are considered endemic, found nowhere else in the world.
How do Uluhe ferns grow?
Uluhe begin life as a purple coil that shoots straight out from the ground. As the shoot uncurls a striking bifurcating pattern unfolds. The fern branches into two fronds which splits into two more fronds over and again in a repeating pattern. This bifurcating branching patterns allows the fern to behave like a crawling vine that interweaves with other uluhe ferns to form dense thickets. This mechanism also allows them to crawl up and down steep mountain sides and to cover large trees over the landscape.
Where are Uluhe ferns native to?
Uluhe or false staghorn ferns (Dicranopteris linearis) are indigenous to the Hawaiian Islands, Polynesia, and across the tropics throughout the world.
Where is the Laua'e Fern?
The laua‘e fern at left is indigenous to Australia, ubiquitous now in Hawai‘i. At right is the laua‘e also known as pe‘ahi, underside shown at top, front side below. Pe‘ahi fern courtesy of Olinda Rare Plant Nursery. Somewhat confusingly, two attractive fern species in Hawai‘i share the name laua‘e.
What is the Hawaiian Laua'e?
The Hawaiian laua‘e also exudes a signature scent, one celebrated in old chants and mele (songs). When the goddess Hi‘iaka departs Kalalau Valley on Kaua‘i with her lover Lohi‘au, she sings farewell to the steep cliffs made fragrant by laua‘e ferns: ‘A‘ala ka pali i ka laua‘e e.
How tall are ferns in Hawaii?
Members of the fern family vary from moss-like mini ferns to gigantic palm-like tree ferns reaching more than 40 feet in height. There are many ferns that live attached to trunks and branches of trees like the native bird nest fern, Asplenium nidus, and the Austral-Asian staghorn ferns, Platycerium species. Most ferns prefer those shady, moist locations but some species will take full sun, so there is a spot in your garden for at least one or two types.A side benefit of ferns is that some are edible. Some examples are the swamp fern and “warabi.” The swamp fern, Ceratopreris thalictroides, found growing wild in moist areas may be eaten either raw or cooked as greens. Our native treefern or hapuu, has an acrid substance so strong that the new leaf “fiddle” must be boiled outside for 30 to 45 minutes because they contain irritating fumes. After boiling, the outer skin is peeled off and the interior portions are soaked in fresh water. The water is discarded and replaced with fresh water each day. This procedure takes three to four days. Then they may be stored in the water and refrigerated for several months. Fern shoots add an exotic touch to vegetable and pork dishes along with bamboo shoots.
Where can I find Mexican tree ferns?
Cibotium schiedei, the true “Mexican treefern,” is of very slow growth and rarely seen with a trunk outside its native habitat in the mountains of Chiapas and Vera Cruz. This graceful fern is usually grown in tubs. With its pale green, showy fronds, it has become a favorite of florists, for weddings and other formal occasions. Although popular in Southern California, few are found locally.
What do ferns do in the landscape?
In the landscape, ferns give a lush rainforest effect. They give that ultra tropical look that really makes a garden special. The most striking effect, by far, is created by the treefern types. We take our native hapuu for granted, but in other parts of the world, different species are in great demand as landscaping plants.
Where is Häpu'u native to?
Häpu‘u is native to most of the Hawaiian islands. It is one of more than 800 species of tree ferns, descendants of prehistoric vegetation found worldwide in semi-wet to wet forests from sea level to over 5000 ft elevation. Häpu‘u was once common in wetter areas of all the major Hawaiian islands. Until recently, large numbers of Hawaiian tree ferns were harvested for orchid media and landscape use. Over-exploitation has reduced häpu‘u stands drastically.
How tall is a hupuu pulu?
Häpu‘u pulu grows to 15–20 feet tall and has a 15-foot spread. It is the most common tree fern in Hawaii and is a landscaping favorite, creating a tropical appearance and feeling with its lacy, arching, fresh, apple-green colored leaves. It is very slow growing. The average rate of growth of young häpu‘u ferns is about 3
Is a tree fern a specimen plant?
Tree ferns are excellent small “trees” and are especially pleasing as specimen plants to create a soft-textured, tropical effect in landscapes and gardens. Häpu‘u i‘i seldom survives transplanting and is rarely used in landscapes.
Sun exposure
Traditionally ferns are grown under trees, beside walls, and in shady areas of the yard where flowers might struggle from the lack of sunlight. One of the main uses of ferns in gardening is to add interest to these neglected corners.
Climate
The second major factor in finding the best place for a fern is the annual variation in temperature and weather. Ferns vary in their hardiness, with some species being able to tough out the coldest winters, and others being so delicate that they can only really be grown as indoor plants in much of the world.
Shelter
The next big factor to consider is wind. Exposure to strong winds can both physically damage the fronds of many ferns, but also lead to dehydration, which, if prolonged, could kill the plant.
Soil composition
Even the ideal shady spot in a mild climate will not work out if the fern cannot survive in the soil in which it is planted. For pots and planters it is of course possible to pick the ideal potting mix, but for outdoor planting the soil conditions can be a limiting factor.
Moisture
The final factor that is decisive in fern survival is water. Ferns favor humid environments. This is particularly true of tropical varieties, but also generally true of the vast majority of species. If ferns roots dry out, the plant is likely to die, but overwatering can be as big a problem as underwatering.
How far apart should I plant ferns?
These ferns should be space at about 18 inches apart and staggered. If planted too close the plants out compete each other and eventually die back in a short time. [Rick Barboza, Hui Kū Maoli Ola]
Can kupukupu grow in water?
Kupukupu grows in dry, moist and wet conditions. Under cultivation, grow in moist conditions for best overall appearance. Never allow them to sit in water as the fronds will yellow, defoliate and often die. [Rick Barboza, Hui Kū Maoli Ola]
