What is the H1N1/09 virus?
The Pandemic H1N1/09 virus is a swine origin Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 virus strain responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic. For other names see the Nomenclature section below.
What do we know about the H1N1 virus mutation?
On November 20, 2013, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health released a statement saying they had discovered a potentially significant mutation in the H1N1 influenza strain that could be responsible for causing the severest symptoms among those infected.
How many people died of H1N1 in the world?
The November 27, 2009 worldwide update by the U.N.'s World Health Organization (WHO) states that "more than 207 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 7,820 deaths". The WHO has also tracked more than 622,482 laboratory-confirmed cases of H1N1.
What was the original name of H1N1 flu?
The CDC began referring to it as "Novel influenza A (H1N1)"; "A/H1N1" is sometimes used. The CDC stopped using the nomenclature "novel H1N1" and updated various web pages to reflect the change to "2009 H1N1 Flu".
How many times did H1N1 mutate?
Before its apparent extinction in 2009, the human H1N1 lineage had accumulated approximately 1400 mutations (mostly point mutations), including 320 non-synonymous mutations, compared to the 1918 genotype.
How many variants did H1N1 have?
People remember H1N1 from the news, but there are three different variants that have been recognized in recent years: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2.
Does the H1N1 virus still exist?
Swine flu (H1N1) once caused a serious worldwide pandemic. Today, the virus is under control, but people can and do still get very sick from H1N1. It's important to get your yearly flu shot, which can protect you from H1N1 and other strains of the flu.
How did the H1N1 virus evolve?
The new virus is related to swine viruses isolated in two continents, North America and Eurasia. The North American ancestors were isolated in pigs between 1998 and 2002 and were the result of a reassortment between swine, avian, and human viruses, the so-called triple reassortment at the end of the nineties.
Did H1N1 mutate?
Results of the distribution analyses showed that 77.32% of H1N1 influenza viruses harbored-resistance mutations of which 73.52% were S31N, And the mutant variants mainly appeared in North America and Europe and H1N1 influenza viruses with S31N mutation became the circulating strains since 2009 all over the world.
Is H1N1 still around in 2022?
Description of the case. On 11 May 2022, Germany notified WHO of one laboratory-confirmed human case of infection with a swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) virus in North Rhine-Westphalia state, Germany. The case is an adult aged 30-40 years, who was detected during routine sentinel surveillance for influenza.
Is H1N1 the same as swine flu?
"Swine flu" was the popular name for the virus which was responsible for a global flu outbreak (called a pandemic) in 2009 to 2010. It's a type of seasonal flu and is now included in the annual flu vaccine. The scientific name for swine flu is A/H1N1pdm09. It's often shortened to "H1N1".
Is H1N1 RNA or DNA virus?
RNAThe H1N1 influenza virus is an orthomyxovirus and produces virions that are 80 to 120 nm in diameter, with an RNA genome size of approximately 13.5 kb. The swine influenza genome has 8 different regions which are segmented and encode 11 different proteins: Envelope proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
How long did the H1N1 pandemic last?
From April 12, 2009 to April 10, 2010, CDC estimated there were 60.8 million cases (range: 43.3-89.3 million), 274,304 hospitalizations (range: 195,086-402,719), and 12,469 deaths (range: 8868-18,306) in the United States due to the (H1N1)pdm09 virus.
Where did H1N1 originally come from?
Scientists found this virus had originated in pigs as a recombinant form of flu strains from birds and humans. This outbreak confirmed that pigs can serve as a crucible where novel influenza viruses emerge as a result of the reassortment of genes from different strains.
How many variants were there in the 1918 pandemic?
There were 3 different waves of illness during the pandemic, starting in March 1918 and subsiding by summer of 1919.
How many variants of the flu has there been?
There are 18 different H subtypes and 11 different N subtypes, and 131 subtype combinations have been detected in nature. Examples of flu viruses in this category include H1N1 and H3N2. Influenza B: These viruses only affect people and are characterized according to where the virus was originally isolated.
How many flu variants have there been in history?
Scientists have, for now, identified four different influenza types, named (imaginatively enough) A, B, C and D. Human influenza A and B viruses are the most common.
How many flu variants are there total?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are four types of flu viruses: influenza A, B, C, and D.
How many people died from H1N1 in 2009?
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was estimated to be associated with 151,700 to 575,400 deaths worldwide during the first year it circulated. [1] . This H1N1 virus has continued to circulate seasonally to this day.
When did the flu ve network start?
While FluSurv-NET provided vaccine effectiveness (VE) data during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the US Flu VE Network has yielded in-depth data about how well flu vaccines are working each flu season since its inception in 2005.
Why does the CDC use gene sequence data?
CDC uses gene sequence data to update its influenza diagnostic kits and reagents, which are used around the world by public health laboratories as the gold-standard for detecting influenza, in large part because of CDC’s rapid response in updating the kits and reagents each time a novel virus emerges.
What is the mutation in H1N1?
In the statement they said "The mutation could be affecting the virus' ability to go deeper into the respiratory system , thus causing more serious illness".
Where did H1N1 come from?
A report by researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 2016 found that the 2009 H1N1 virus likely originated from pigs in a very small region of central Mexico.
What is H1N1 in humans?
Before being transmitted to humans, a H1N1 type virus is known to have circulated in swine. In August 2007, about 25 people and 160 pigs developed flu at a county fair in Ohio. Analysis showed they were infected with the same strain—a H1N1 type containing genes of human, bird and swine origin. A 2004 study found that in Iowa, 20 percent of swine veterinarians and 3 percent of meatpackers, but no university workers, had antibodies in their blood indicating they had been infected with swine flu. Another study, of 804 rural Iowans, found that pig farmers were 50 times more likely, and their spouses about 30 times more likely, than university workers to carry swine flu antibodies. Pigs are also known to have been infected by humans.
How does H1N1 spread?
The virus is contagious with an R 0 of 1.4 to 1.6 and spreads from human to human in much the same way as seasonal flu. The most common mechanisms by which it spreads are by droplets from coughs and sneezes of infected people, and also potentially touching a surface or the hand of a person contaminated with the virus and then touching one's eyes, nose or mouth. In 2009, the WHO reported that H1N1/09 seemed to be more contagious than seasonal flu. However, a New England Journal of Medicine report said the transmissibility of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in households was lower than that seen in past pandemics. The U.S. CDC recommended that people should wait at least a day after their fever subsides (usually 3–4 days after the onset of symptoms) before resuming normal activities, but it has been found that they can continue to shed virus for several more days.
How many people died from H1N1 in 2009?
From April 2009 to November 2009, 3,900 people died of the H1N1 pandemic virus in the U.S. This is sometimes compared to the 36,000 people per year who die from the "common flu", mostly in winter, although this number is an estimate. The death rate of H1N1 in the U.S. was calculated as less than 0.02% from November 2009 figures from the CDC, and has been explicitly calculated as 0.026% in England.
What virus was infected with 1918?
This may have played a role in individuals who had been infected with the 1918 strain and its early descendants in showing stronger specific immunity to the 2009 H1N1 virus. This finding provided insight into future monitoring of the H1N1 virus and its evolution within the human population.
When was the first H1N1 case in dogs?
The first case of a dog with H1N1 was reported in December 2009. On July 22, 2011 the Norwegian Veterinary Institute reported the first occurrence of 2009-H1N1 influenza virus in minks.
Gene Sequencing Technology
Influenza Public Health Laboratory Tests RT-PCR
International Reagent Resource
Advances in Tests Used in Clinical Settings
Surveillance Right-Sizing Initiative
- The massive amount of laboratory testing that occurred during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic provided an opportunity for researchers to identify the optimal levels of influenza surveillance and laboratory testing needed in the United States, including ways to improve efficiency. To answer those questions, in 2010, CDC and the Association of Public Health l...
Automated Transmission of Laboratory Reports
Incorporation of NCHS Mortality Data
Inclusion of Electronic Data in ILINet
Antiviral Resistance Testing
The Burden of Influenza