How to read a disc on computer?
- Click on Start and go to Settings.
- Then go to Devices.
- Select AutoPlay from the left menu. For removable media such as CDs/DVDs, USB drives or SD cards contents to pop-up on screen when inserted into the computer, make sure the ...
Why is my CD drive not reading?
- The driver of CD drive is damaged, outdated or missing.
- The registry is corrupted and needs to be changed.
- The CD drive has some hardware problems.
- Etc.
How do you read a disc?
Windows XP
- Go to the start menu, choose my computer.
- Find your cd rom icon.
- Right click on it and choose properties from the menu.
- The CD drive properties will appear.
- Go to the Autoplay tab.
- Press the drop down arrow to see your choices. Music files, Pictures, Video Files, Mixed content, and Music CD. ...
- This is where you can change what happens when you insert a cd.
How do you open a CD file?
You can open the files on the CD or wherever you’ve copied them using Windows Media Player or other audio software, either by double-clicking the files, right-clicking them and choosing the program you want or opening them in Windows Media Player or another tool using the “Open” command within the program’s “File” menu …
Which way does a CD read?
The dull side usually has a label on it telling you what's on the CD; the shiny side is the important part. It's shiny so that a laser beam can bounce off the disc and read the information stored on it.
How does a computer read CDs?
A CD-ROM drive uses a low-power laser beam to read digitized (binary) data that has been encoded in the form of tiny pits on an optical disk. The drive then feeds the data to a computer for processing.
Are CDs read from the inside out or the outside in?
It is faster to read from the outside of the disc than from the inside. At the same rotational velocity (e.g. 10000 rpm), the linear velocity on the outside of the disc is higher than the linear velocity on the inside of the disc, resulting in higher performance towards the outside.
Do CDs read from the top or bottom?
all your excellent info. For all intents and purposes, them stating it is on top, is true. Yes, it reads the dye/data-layer from the bottom, but the laser reads up through the full thickness of the CD, and hits the dye layer, which is JUST under the aluminized later ON TOP.
What happens if you put a CD in a DVD player?
The truth is, you can play a CD on a DVD player, although the reverse is not true. That's because a DVD player is capable of audio and video, while a CD player is only capable of audio.
Can a DVD drive read CDs?
DVD-ROM. Digital Versatile disc-Read Only Memory drives are the direct evolution from CD-ROM drives. DVDs had greater capacity and performance. DVD-ROM drives can read CD-DA, CD-ROM, and CD-R/RW discs, but they also read DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, and (sometimes) DVD-Audio discs.
How many times can a CD be played?
RW discs: RW discs, unlike the other types, can “wear-out.” CD-RW and DVD-RW discs should last for about 1,000 rewrites, and DVD-RAM discs, 100,000 times, before the rewriting capability is lost. The reading functionality of the disc should continue for a limited number of read times after each writing.
Why does my CD player play some CDs and not others?
Some CD players are designed to only playback commercially-produced CDs. Depending on the type of recordable CD media that you are using (such as CD-R or CD-RW discs), not all CD players will support the playback of the different types or recordable discs available.
What side of a CD is the data on?
In CDs, the data and metal layers are very close to the top of the disc (label side); in DVDs, they are in the middle of the disc (see Figures 1Ð6). The types of data and metal layers used depend on the type of disc-read-only (ROM), write-once (R), or rewritable (RW, RAM).
Which side of CD should be on top?
Which side of the disc is uppermost is important. The side that has writing on it should be facing up. If you have a computer with a slot drive, you should first position the disc so that the written side is facing you and then push it in gently.
Does the front of a CD matter?
The label side has a reflective coating that reflects the light, and if this is damaged it can harm the CD. The transparent side is just transparent plastic, and although light has to travel through it, the light is not focused onto it - it is focused on the coating on the back.
How does a CD store data?
CD data is stored as a series of tiny indentations (pits), encoded in a tightly packed spiral track of pits moulded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as 'lands'. Each pit is approximately 100 nm deep by 500 nm wide, and varies from 850 nm to 3.5 μm of length.
How does a hard drive store data?
Data is stored on a hard drive in binary code, using 1s and 0s. The information is spread out on the magnetic layer of the disk(s) and are read or written by the read heads that 'float' above the surface thanks to the layer of air produced by the ultra fast rotation of the disk.
How do optical discs work?
An optical disk drive uses a laser beam to read the data from the disk as it is spinning. It distinguishes between the pits and lands based on how the light reflects off the recording material. The drive uses the differences in reflectivity to determine the 0 and 1 bits that represent the data.
What is the use of a compact disc?
A compact disc or CD is a disc that's made of plastic and used to store data such as video, audio and text files. Compact discs replaced floppy dis...
When did CDs replace cassettes?
CDs replaced cassettes starting in 1991. By the late 2010s, CDs were on their way out, replaced by streaming music and digital downloads.
What does DVD stand for?
DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital video disc.
Are DVDs being discontinued?
Streaming services have already pretty much replaced discs, including DVDs. The growth of the streaming industry is going to make DVDs even more ob...
How can I play CDs without a CD player?
You can copy your CD to an MP3 file and move that to a USB drive. Or connect the USB cable to your external USB device and the other end to the USB...
How to play Blu Ray discs?
To play a Blu-ray Disc, you need to use a non-Microsoft program that supports Blu-ray playback and a device capable of reading Blu-ray Discs. If you previously selected Rip CD automatically on the Rip Music tab in the Options dialog box or on the Rip settings menu, a CD will immediately begin ripping after you insert it into the drive.
How to play a disc that is already inserted into a drive?
If it doesn't play, or if you want to play a disc that is already inserted, open Windows Media Player , and then, in the Player Library, select the disc name in the navigation pane.
Can you play Blu Ray discs on Windows Media Player?
The Blu-ray Disc format is not supported in Windows Media Player. To play a Blu-ray Disc, you need to use a non-Microsoft program that supports Blu-ray playback and a device capable of reading Blu-ray Discs.
What is a CD?
A compact disc is a thin, circular disc of metal and plastic about 12cm (just over 4.5 inches) in diameter. It's actually made of three layers. Most of a CD is made from a tough, brittle plastic called polycarbonate. Sandwiched in the middle there is a thin layer of aluminum. Finally, on top of the aluminum, is a protective layer of plastic and lacquer. The first thing you notice about a CD is that it is shiny on one side and dull on the other. The dull side usually has a label on it telling you what's on the CD; the shiny side is the important part. It's shiny so that a laser beam can bounce off the disc and read the information stored on it.
How do CDs differ from DVDs?
The difference between CDs and DVDs is the amount of information they can store . A CD can hold 650 megabytes (million characters) of data, whereas a DVD can cram in at least 4.7 gigabytes (thousand megabytes)—which is roughly seven times more. Because DVDs are the same size as CDs, and are storing seven times more information, the zeros and ones (or pits and lands) on a DVD have to be correspondingly smaller than those on a CD. The latest optical discs use a technology called Blu-ray to store six times more data than DVDs or 40 times more than CDs (see the box at the bottom for a full explanation).
Who invented CDs?
The technology behind CDs was invented in the late 1960s by James T. Russell (1931–). An avid music fan, he longed for a sound-recording system that would reproduce music more exactly than LP records and cassette tapes. He patented the first ever optical sound recording system in 1970, refining it over the years that followed. Audio CDs finally made their commercial debut in Europe in 1982, launched by the Sony and Philips electronics corporations, and appeared in the United States the following year. CD-ROMs became popular in the 1990s, when publishers such as Encyclopedia Britannica, Broderbund, and Dorling Kindersley released popular "multimedia" encyclopedias containing written text, sound, pictures, animations, and videos. CD-ROMs are less popular today, thanks to the World Wide Web (WWW), which makes it easier to publish and update information instantly and link together pages from lots of different sources.
What is a CD/DVD writer/rewriter?
Photo: A CD/DVD writer/rewriter has a much more sophisticated laser read/write head than an ordinary CD/DVD player. Depending on the type of player, the read/write head needs to be able to read ordinary CDs and DVDs, recordable discs, and rewritable discs—so it really needs to be capable of several quite different reading and writing operations.
How does a Blu Ray disc work?
By using a much finer blue laser beam, Blu-ray can write smaller and store more information in the same space.
How does a DVD player work?
A DVD uses a red laser beam that makes light waves with a wavelength of 650 nanometers (0.00000065 meters, or less than one hundredth the width of a human hair). That's considerably shorter than the wavelength of invisible, infrared light that a CD player uses (780 nanometers), which is why DVDs can store more than CDs. A Blu-ray player uses an even more precise laser than a DVD player, with a beam of blue light shooting out of it instead of red or infared. Blue light has a much shorter wavelength (about 450 nanometers) than red light so a blue laser can write things that are far smaller. That means Blu-ray discs can store movies in a much higher quality format known as High Definition (HD), store much longer movies on a single disc, or just store more altogether. If you can fit four, half-hour episodes of Friends on a DVD, you can fit 24 episodes (a whole series) on a Blu-ray disc.
Why is the CD side shiny?
It's shiny so that a laser beam can bounce off the disc and read the information stored on it. Photo: A small portable compact disc player made by Technics.
What happens when you write data to a CD-R?
When you write data to a CD-R, the writing laser (which is much more powerful than the reading laser) heats up the dye layer and changes its transparency. The change in the dye creates the equivalent of a non-reflective bump. This is a permanent change, and both CD and CD-R drives can read the modified dye as a bump later on.
How does a CD drive work?
The CD drive shines a laser at the surface of the CD and can detect the reflective areas and the bumps by the amount of laser light they reflect. The drive converts the reflections into 1s and 0s to read digital data from the disc. See How CDs Work for more information.
What is the surface of a CD-R?
In a CD-R, you have a plastic substrate, a dye layer and a reflective gold layer. On a new CD-R disc, the entire surface of the disc is reflective -- the laser can shine through the dye and reflect off the gold layer. When you write data to a CD-R, the writing laser (which is much more powerful than the reading laser) heats up ...
What is CD vs CD-R?
CD vs CD-R: A CD-R disk allows the drive to write data onto the disc the CD does not but will play the data. DAJ / Getty Images/amana images RF
What is a CD-R disc?
A CD-R disc, also known as a Compact Disc Recordable, is a digital disc used to store data via CD burners. Unlike USBs, most CD-R discs can’t be re-written once they've been burned and contain significantly limited space, around 700 MBs. They have been used for recording audio tracks up to 80 minutes.
How many MBs does a CD-R have?
Both CD-R and CD-RW have the same storage capacity of 700 MBs and 80 minutes. The difference is in the number of times data can be recorded. A CD-R can only have data written once while a CD-RW is rewritable, allowing you to erase and rewrite the data as many times as you want.
Can a CD-R drive be read only?
See How CDs Work for more information. Normal CDs can not be modified -- they are read-only devices. A CD-R disc needs to allow the drive to write data onto the disc. For a CD-R disk to work, there must be a way for a laser to create a non-reflective area on the disc.
How to start CD?
How to Start Using CDs. Contact your bank or credit union if you choose to open a CD with your local financial institution. Most banks will explain your options and allow you to make CD investments online. You also can call customer service or speak with a banker in person.
What is CD in banking?
A CD is a form of "time deposit.". 2 In return for a higher interest rate, you promise to keep your cash in the bank for a pre-determined amount of time. The bank agrees to pay you more interest than you’d get from a savings account in exchange for that agreement.
Why do certificates of deposit tend to offer better interest rates than money market accounts?
Since money market account holders can transfer funds in and out of an account much more often , there is less opportunity risk and therefore less reward in the form of interest rates.
What is a bump up CD?
Bump-up CDs provide a benefit similar to liquid CDs. You don’t get stuck with a low return if interest rates rise after you buy one. You get to keep your existing CD account and switch to the new, higher rate your bank is offering. 7
What is liquid CD?
Liquid CDs allow you to withdraw your funds early without paying a penalty. 5 This flexibility enables you to move your funds to a higher-paying CD if the opportunity arises, but it comes at a price.
Why are CDs not for everyone?
Some of the reasons to steer clear include: Early withdrawal fees: The main disadvantage is that your money is tied up for the life of the certificate. You pay a penalty if you need to withdraw your money before the term is up.
How often do CD interest rates increase?
Increases might come every six or seven months. 10 11
How does a CD player read information?
To read this information, the CD player passes a laser beam over the track. When the laser passes over a flat area in the track, the beam is reflected directly to an optical sensor on the laser assembly. The CD player interprets this as a 1. When the beam passes over a bump, the light is bounced away from the optical sensor. The CD player recognizes this as a .
How does a CD work?
If you've read How CDs Work, you understand the basic idea of CD technology. CDs store music and other files in digital form -- that is, the information on the disc is represented by a series of 1s and 0s (see How Analog and Digital Recording Works for more information). In conventional CDs, these 1s and 0s are represented by millions of tiny bumps and flat areas on the disc's reflective surface. The bumps and flats are arranged in a continuous track that measures about 0.5 microns (millionths of a meter) across and 3.5 miles (5 km) long.
What is the dye layer on a CD?
Instead, the disc has a dye layer underneath a smooth, reflective surface. On a blank CD-R disc, the dye layer is completely translucent, so all light reflects. The write laser darkens the spots where the bumps would be in a conventional CD, forming non-reflecting areas.
What is a CD-RW disc?
These discs are based on phase-change technology. In CD-RW discs, the phase-change element is a chemical compound of silver, antimony, tellurium and indium. As with any physical material, you can change this compound's form by heating it to certain temperatures. When the compound is heated above its melting temperature (around 600 degrees Celsius), it becomes a liquid; at its crystallization temperature (around 200 degrees Celsius), it turns into a solid.
What is the machinery in a CD burner?
The machinery in a CD burner looks pretty much the same as the machinery in any CD player. There is a mechanism that spins the disc and another mechanism that slides the laser assembly.
How are disc bumps arranged?
The bumps are arranged in a spiral path, starting at the center of the disc. The CD player spins the disc while the laser assembly moves outward from the center of the CD. At a steady speed, the bumps move past any point at the outer edge of the CD more rapidly than they move past any point nearer the CD's center.
How to keep laser scanning data track at a constant speed?
To keep the laser scanning the data track at a constant speed, the player must slow the disc as the assembly moves outward. In the next section, you'll find out how data is recorded on CDs, both by professional equipment and the home CD burner. Advertisement.
How to view media disks?
The easiest way to view and access media disks of all types is through the external optical drive. External drives are affordable and you can use them between devices. A classroom or family can have just one external drive that they share for an affordable way to watch DVDs or listen to audio recordings across all their devices.
What happened to disk drives?
Nearly all modern PCs lack disk drives. This is especially true for laptops, which have to make the best use of their space to deliver a truly portable computing experience. Computer manufacturers started to move away from internal drives for a number of reasons, including the fact that people began to access media in other ways, such as downloads and digital streaming.
How to connect external drive to computer?
External drives are affordable and plug-and-play ready. Simply connect one to your computer through an available USB slot, wait for the installer to finish, and you’re ready to go.
Why did computers move away from internal drives?
Computer manufacturers started to move away from internal drives for a number of reasons, including the fact that people began to access media in other ways, such as downloads and digital streaming.
Do you need a disk drive to create an ISO?
You'll still need the disk drive to view and access the files on your original game disk, but once you do access them, you can easily use third-party tools to create your ISO files. A couple to try:
Can compressed files take up all your PC's storage?
Remember that these original files can be large, so use a compressed file type that won't take up all of your PC's storage . Better yet, consider a file type that you can store and use from your mobile device. More and more users are taking their favorite flicks with them on their smartphones for offline watching that won't eat up their data plan.
Do you need to handle CDs and DVDs?
As media evolves, you’ll see fewer CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays available, but knowing how to handle them is an essential skill for any smart consumer. That’s especially true for collectors and archivists who may want to access media that’s simply not available as a digital purchase.
What is a CDS?
A CDS is a contract with a protection leg that pays (100%-Recovery) immediately following a credit event if it happens before maturity, and a premium leg in which a coupon of 100 bps is paid until a credit event or maturity. Hence the value of $1 a short protection (receiving spread) contract is
What is CDS in credit?
A CDS is a contract with a protection leg that pays (100%-Recovery) immediately following a credit event if it happens before maturity, and a premium leg in which a coupon of 100 bps is paid until a credit event or maturity.
What is CDS par spread?
The CDS par spread is the spread that would make the value of the contract with the same maturity equal to zero right now. In your example this is 132 basis points. So we can write
What is 132bps CDS?
The 132bps is a measure of the credit risk of the CDS. To compensate us for the fact that the contract has a negative value we must be paid an upfront amount equal to. to get us to enter into it. We then put this cash into our cash account.