2B.4C: Coastal Landscapes Produced by Erosion
- Marine erosion between the high tide and low tide mark by abrasion and hydraulic action forms a wave-cut notch along the length of the cliff base.
- The notch deepens by further erosion until the overlying material collapses by mass movement due to gravity, forming a cliff.
- The process repeats, and the position of the cliff retreats (coastal recession)
How does coastal erosion affect the landforms along the coast?
Landforms of coastal erosion - Internet Geography Coastal erosion leads to the formation of a range of landforms being created along the coast. The landforms created largely depend on the material that...
How are coastal landforms formed?
How are They Formed and Types of Coastal Landforms Coastal landforms are the landforms along the coastline that are mostly formed by erosion and sediments from waves, longshore currents, rip currents, tides, and climatic factors like wind and rainfall, and temperature include headlands, cliffs, bays, spits, salt marshes, and beaches.
What landforms are created by erosion and deposition?
Coastal landforms created by erosion include headlands, bays and cliffs. Landforms created by deposition include spits, salt marshes and beaches. The coastline is constantly eroding. There are four key types of erosion: Abrasion - waves transport material which hit the cliff and gradually wear it away.
What processes cause landforms to develop?
A few different processes cause landforms to develop, and this has shaped some impressive natural features on the surface of the Earth. These processes include erosion, where the action of glaciers, wind and water erode surface deposits at varying rates. This natural occurrence has created a number...
How coastal landforms are made?
Coastal landforms are the landforms along the coastline that are mostly formed by erosion and sediments from waves, longshore currents, rip currents, tides, and climatic factors like wind and rainfall, and temperature include headlands, cliffs, bays, spits, salt marshes, and beaches.
How landforms are formed by erosion?
Erosion is another geological process that creates landforms. When mechanical and chemical weathering breaks up materials on the Earth's surface, erosion can move them to new locations. For example, wind, water or ice can create a valley by removing material. Plateaus can also be formed this way.
What coastal landforms are created by weathering?
Coastal erosion landforms. Characteristics and formation of headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks.
What are 3 landforms that were created by erosion?
Landforms of erosional coastsSea cliffs. The most widespread landforms of erosional coasts are sea cliffs. ... Wave-cut platforms. At the base of most cliffs along a rocky coast one finds a flat surface at about the mid-tide elevation. ... Sea stacks. ... Sea arches.
What is formed due to erosion?
landforms like cirques, horns, U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys.
Why does coastal erosion happen?
All coastlines are affected by storms and other natural events that cause erosion; the combination of storm surge at high tide with additional effects from strong waves—conditions commonly associated with landfalling tropical storms—creates the most damaging conditions.
How are landforms created by erosion and deposition?
0:252:45Landforms created by Erosion. - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipBut what landforms have been created by erosion canyons. And valleys canyons and valleys are createdMoreBut what landforms have been created by erosion canyons. And valleys canyons and valleys are created by the flow of water as the water moves it arose rock and sediment from the stream bed.
What are coastal erosional features?
Erosional Coastal Landforms or Features (on Secondary Coastlines) Emergent coastlines typically have sea cliffs carved by wave and current action along the shoreline. The geometry of a coastline is largely a reflection of how some rocks along a coastline are more resistant to erosion. Sea Cliffs and Wave-Cut Platforms.
What is coastal weathering?
Processes called erosion, mass movement and weathering break down and remove material from the coast. The material is moved along the coastline by the sea and deposited when there is energy loss. Geography.
What are 5 landforms created by erosion?
Coastal processes of erosion include hydraulic action, attrition, corrosion and solution. Landforms created by erosion include headlands and bays, caves, arches, stacks and stumps. Longshore drift is a method of coastal transport.
What are the type of coastal landforms?
These regions are characterized by beaches, dunes, barriers, deltas, strandplains, backbarrier marshes, lagoons, and tidal flats. In extreme climates, such as along the Arctic coast, features are influenced by ice processes such as the patterned ground and ice-push barriers.
What landform is created by deposition?
Landforms created by deposition include beaches, spits, tombolos and bars.
What are the landforms of coastal erosion?
The landforms created largely depend on the material that forms the cliff. More resistant material such as chalk leads to the formation of classic coastal landforms such as arches, stacks and stumps.
How is coastal erosion determined?
These include the fetch of a wave, type of beach, the supply of beach material by longshore drift, the slope of the cliff, vegetation cover, local hydrology, the rate at which cliff debris are removed from the foot of the cliffs and the material that cliffs are made of.
What material causes cliffs to recede?
cliff material – the material that cliffs are made of has a significant impact on cliff recession. Soft boulder clay cliffs recede much quicker than cliffs formed from sedimentary rock such as chalk. These types of cliff recede in quite different ways. Bays and Headlands. Erosion of a Headland.
Why are cliffs less resistant to recession?
vegetation cover – cliffs with vegetation cover tend to be less resistant to recession as roots help bind and reinforce the cliff material; local hydrology – if there is a large amount of surface run off and infiltration this can increase the rate of cliff recession;
Why do landforms develop along some coasts?
The result is that the landforms that develop along some coasts are due primarily to wave processes while along other coasts they may be due mainly to tidal processes. Some coasts are the result of near equal balance between tide and wave processes. As a consequence, investigators speak of wave-dominated coasts, tide-dominated coasts, ...
What are the most common landforms of erosional coasts?
Sea cliffs. The most widespread landforms of erosional coasts are sea cliffs. These very steep to vertical bedrock cliffs range from only a few metres high to hundreds of metres above sea level. Their vertical nature is the result of wave-induced erosion near sea level and the subsequent collapse of rocks at higher elevation.
Why do depositional coasts have erosion?
Depositional coasts may experience erosion at certain times and places due to such factors as storms, depletion of sediment supply, and rising sea level. The latter is a continuing problem as the mean annual temperature of the Earth rises and the ice caps melt.
What is the sediment that forms a beach?
At many coastal locations there is a thin, narrow veneer of sediment forming a beach along the base of sea cliffs. This sediment may consist of sand, but it is more commonly composed of coarse material—cobbles or boulders. Beaches of this kind usually accumulate during relatively low wave-energy conditions and are removed during the stormy season when waves are larger. The coasts of California and Oregon contain many places where this situation prevails. The presence of even a narrow beach along a rocky coast provides the cliffs protection against direct wave attack and slows the rate of erosion.
What are the two types of coastal morphology?
There are two major types of coastal morphology: one is dominated by erosion and the other by deposition. They exhibit distinctly different landforms, though each type may contain some features of the other. In general, erosional coasts are those with little or no sediment, whereas depositional coasts are characterized by abundant sediment ...
Where do erosional coasts occur?
They tend to occur on the leading edge of lithospheric plates, the west coasts of both North and South America being excellent examples. Glacial activity also may give rise to erosional coasts, as in northern New England and in the Scandinavian countries.
Why is the rate of shoreline retreat slow?
Although these coasts are erosional, the rate of shoreline retreat is slow due to the resistance of bedrock to erosion. The type of rock and its lithification are important factors in the rate of erosion.
What are erosional landforms?
Erosional landforms include headlands, bays, caves, arches, stacks, stumps and wave-cut platforms. There are also depositional landforms such as beaches, spits and bars.
How are cliffs shaped?
Cliffs are shaped through erosion and weathering. Soft rock erodes quickly and forms gentle sloping cliffs, whereas hard rock is more resistant and forms steep cliffs. A wave-cut platform is a wide gently-sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff.
What are the features of headlands?
Erosional features such as wave-cut platforms and cliffs can be found on headlands, since they are more open to the waves. Bays are more sheltered with constructive waves which deposit sediment to form a beach.
How are cracks widened in the headland?
Cracks are widened in the headland through the erosional processes of hydraulic action and abrasion.
How are wave cut platforms formed?
A wave-cut platform is formed when the following occurs: The sea attacks the base of the cliff between the high and low water mark. A wave-cut notch is formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic action - this is a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide.
What is a bay in the sea?
A bay is an inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards, usually with a beach. Hard rock such as chalk is more resistant to the processes of erosion. When the softer rock is eroded inwards, the hard rock sticks out into the sea, forming a headland.
What happens when a notch increases in size?
As the notch increases in size, the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to the retreat of the cliff face.
What are the two types of coastal erosion?
Coastal Erosion and Deposition. Shorelines can be generally divided into two types, high relief erosional shorelines and low relief depositional shorelines. Coastal processes create many erosional or depositional features we see when visiting the National Parks such as: Beach Ridges.
What is the interaction between coastal processes and an area's geologic setting?
Over time, the interaction of coastal processes and an area's geologic setting leads to the development of characteristic and dramatic coastal landforms. See the articles below for an introduction to some of the coastal landforms present in parks:
What is the coastal zone?
It includes both the zone of shallow water within which waves are able to move sediment, and the area landward of this zone, including beaches, cliffs, and coastal dunes, which is affected to some degree by the direct or indirect effects of waves, tides, and currents. The coastal environment itself may extend inland for many miles.
What is the nearshore marine environment?
Extending from the low tide water level out to the edge of the continental or insular shelves, it encompasses a range of water depths from essentially zero to 120 m or more. The geologic monitoring manual provides guidance for determining the status and trends of geologic resources, and to further the understanding of how geologic processes impact dynamic ecosystems.
What is the transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments?
The coast is one of the most dynamic environments on the planet. This transition zone between terrestrial and marine environments includes such environments as tidal flats, estuaries, dunes, and beaches and barrier islands.
What are some of the most important processes that cause landforms to form?
Famous Landforms Formed by Erosion. A few different processes cause landforms to develop, and this has shaped some impressive natural features on the surface of the Earth. These processes include erosion, where the action of glaciers, wind and water erode surface deposits at varying rates.
What are some examples of glacial erosion?
Other examples of glacial erosion landforms include the fjords of Norway.
What is the effect of wind on sandstone?
Wind loaded with sand in desert areas has an eroding effect on softer rocks over time. A famous example of this is "The Wave" in the Navajo sandstone rocks of the Vermillion Cliffs National Monument in Arizona. This landscape has effectively been sand-blasted into shape by the strong winds in the area, which pick up sand from the surrounding desert. One of the troughs that has formed resembles a breaking wave, which gave the feature its name.
What happens to glaciers as they move forward?
Glacier Erosion. As glaciers move forward, they have an eroding effect on the surface rock and soil materials both below and around them. The force of this movement creates a variety of landforms, which come into view when the glacier retreats.
