What happened to King Philip IV?
Mentally and physically exhausted, King Philip IV died at the age of sixty in 1665, leaving a Great Power in decline to his four-year-old son, Charles, whose development gave little occasion for hope.
When did King Philip the fair die?
Philip IV, byname Philip the Fair, French Philippe le Bel, (born 1268, Fontainebleau, France—died November 29, 1314, Fontainebleau), king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre). His long struggle with the Roman papacy ended with...
Why was Philip IV a good ruler?
Philip IV (1268-1314), called Philip the Fair, ruled France from 1285 to 1314. His reign was one of the most momentous in medieval history because Philip successfully challenged the traditional power of the papacy in France, thereby strengthening the monarchy.
How long did Philip IV rule Spain?
Philip IV ruled for forty-four years, but his reign was characterized by inconsistency and contradictions. Philip’s personality is often regarded as reflecting the decline of Spain as a Great Power. Under his rule the Spanish court is supposed to have been a hotbed of pleasure-seeking, rampant favouritism and pervasive corruption.
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How did Philip the fourth die?
hunting accidentOn 4 April 1312, another Crusade was promulgated at the Council of Vienne. In 1313, Philip "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, thus responding to Pope Clement V's call. He was, however, warned against leaving by Enguerrand de Marigny and died soon after in a hunting accident.
What did King Philip of France do to his daughter?
Isabella of FrancePhilip IV of France / DaughterIsabella of France, sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France, was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. Wikipedia
How long did Philip IV live?
Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule over Spain during the Thirty Years' War....Philip IV of Spain.Philip IVBorn8 April 1605 Royal Palace of Valladolid, Valladolid, SpainDied17 September 1665 (aged 60) Madrid, SpainBurialEl Escorial24 more rows
Was King Philip IV a good king?
Philip IV (1268-1314), called Philip the Fair, ruled France from 1285 to 1314. His reign was one of the most momentous in medieval history because Philip successfully challenged the traditional power of the papacy in France, thereby strengthening the monarchy.
Which Pope killed the Knights Templar?
Pope Clement VIn 1307, King Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V combined to take down the Knights Templar, arresting the grand master, Jacques de Molay, on charges of heresy, sacrilege and Satanism. Under torture, Molay and other leading Templars confessed and were eventually burned at the stake.
Why were Knights Templar killed?
Many of the knights were brutally tortured until they confessed to false charges, which included heresy, homosexuality, financial corruption, devil-worshipping, fraud, spitting on the cross and more. A few years later, dozens of Templars were burned at the stake in Paris for their confessions.
Did Philip IV marry his niece?
Despite the close degree of kinship these marriages were mostly blessed with surviving progeny. The forty-four-year-old widower Philip thus entered into a marriage with his fifteen-year-old niece Maria Anna (1634–1696) in 1649.
Who is king of Spain now?
Felipe VI of SpainSpain / KingFelipe VI chairing his first Council of Ministers at direct request of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy (seated to Felipe's right), an extraordinary responsibility to which the Monarch is entitled according to the article 62 of the Spanish Constitution (18 July 2014).
Why is Prince Philip not king?
The reason is, the husband of a reigning Queen does not become a King and is neither crowned or anointed at a coronation, unlike a Queen Consort. The husband of a female monarch can become Prince Consort such as Queen Victoria's husband, Albert, in the 19th century.
Is knightfall a true story?
Knightfall is a fictional drama which means some of the events in the show and some of the show's characters are not real. However, they are loosely based on events and crusaders from that time. The shows the main character is fictional Templar leader Laundry du Lauzon (played by Tom Cullen).
What happened to the Templars in 1307?
In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving false confessions, and then burned at the stake. Under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V disbanded the Order in 1312.
What happened to the Knights Templar in France?
There was shock throughout Europe when all Templars were arrested in France on the same day in 1307. By March 1314 the last of the Templars were burnt at the stake, supposedly cursing the Pope and Philip IV that they would both die within the year.
Why was Philip IV called Planet King?
Philip, the fourth ruler to bear this name, was referred to in writings of the age as the Planet King on account of his association with the sun, the fourth element in the hierarchy of the planets.
Where did Philip IV live?
Philip IV, byname Philip the Fair, French Philippe le Bel, (born 1268, Fontainebleau, France—died November 29, 1314, Fontainebleau), king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre).
What was Philip IV of Spain known for?
Philip IV (1605 - 1665) was crowned king of Spain in 1621. He was the son of Philip III and Margaret of Austria. During his reign Spanish foreign power declined; he failed to regain control of the north Netherlands and lost wars against France. But at home he proved to be an important patron of the arts.
Where did King Philip IV live?
Philip IV, (born April 8, 1605, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 17, 1665, Madrid), king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40), during the decline of Spain as a great world power.
Where is Philip IV buried?
He suffered a cerebral stroke during a hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence ( Forest of Halatte ), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at Fontainebleau, where he was born. He is buried in the Basilica of St Denis. He was succeeded by his son Louis X .
Why did Philip's brother die?
One reason for these rumours was the fact that the queen had given birth to her own first son the month Louis died. However, both Philip and his surviving full brother Charles lived well into adulthood and raised large families of their own.
How did Boniface retaliate against Philip?
Philip retaliated by forbidding the removal of bullion from France. By 1297, Boniface agreed to Philip's taxation of the clergy in emergencies. In 1301, Philip had the bishop of Pamier arrested for treason. Boniface called French bishops to Rome to discuss Philip's actions.
What was the Tour de Nesle scandal?
His final year saw a scandal amongst the royal family, known as the Tour de Nesle affair, in which Philip's three daughters-in-law were accused of adultery. His three sons were successively kings of France: Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV.
How much money did the French government make under Philip IV?
Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent to 46 tonnes of silver. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were officials in the proper sense. After assuming the throne, Philip inherited a sizable debt from his father's war against Aragon. By November 1286 it reached 8 tonnes of silver to his primary financiers, the Templars, equivalent to 17% of government revenue. This debt was quickly paid off, and, in 1287 and 1288, Philip's kingdom ran a budget surplus.
What was Philip's role in the transformation of France?
Philip and his advisors were instrumental in the transformation of France from a feudal country to a centralized state. The king, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his vassals by wars and restricted feudal usages. His ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs.
Why did Philip debase the currency?
By 1295, to pay for his constant wars, Philip had no choice but to borrow more and debase the currency by reducing its silver content. This led to the virtual disappearance of silver from France by 1301. Currency depreciation provided the crown with 1.419 million LP from November 1296 to Christmas 1299, more than enough to cover war costs of 1.066 million LP in the same period.
Who was Philip IV?
Philip IV, (born April 8, 1605, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 17, 1665, Madrid), king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40) , during the decline of Spain as a great world power.
Who was Philip IV's successor?
In 1620, following the defeat of Frederick V (the elector palatine, or prince, from the Rhineland who had accepted the crown of Bohemia... Philip dismissed Olivares in 1643 and replaced him with Don Luis Méndez de Haro, who remained in office until his death in 1661.
Who was the king of Spain in 1621?
Philip IV, (born April 8, 1605, Valladolid, Spain—died Sept. 17, 1665, Madrid), king of Spain (1621–65) and of Portugal (1621–40), during the decline of Spain as a great world power. He succeeded his father, Philip III of Spain, in 1621, and, for the first 22 years of his reign, Philip’s valido, or chief minister, was the Conde-Duque de Olivares, ...
Who was Philip's first wife?
Philip’s first wife was Elizabeth (Spanish, Isabel), daughter of Henry IV of France; after her death in 1644, he married Maria Anna (Mariana), daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III. A poet and patron of the arts, Philip was the friend and patron of the painter Velázquez, many of whose works portray Philip and members of his court.
Who was the leader of Spain in 1620?
Spain: Philip IV’s reign. In 1620, following the defeat of Frederick V (the elector palatine, or prince, from the Rhineland who had accepted the crown of Bohemia when it was offered to him in 1618) and the Bohemians, Spanish troops…. Spain: The decline of Spain. …when, in his portraits of Philip IV, he showed the pathos of a man half aware ...
What led to a conflict with Pope Boniface VIII over the right of the King to tax the French clergy without?
Continuing financial crises led to a conflict with Pope Boniface VIII over the right of the King to tax the French clergy without papal consent. The Pope finally conceded the point when threatened by the loss of his revenues from France.
Who was the ruler of France in 1285?
Philip IV (1268-1314), called Philip the Fair, ruled France from 1285 to 1314. His reign was one of the most momentous in medieval history because Philip successfully challenged the traditional power of the papacy in France, thereby strengthening the monarchy.
What was Philip IV's last year?
Last years of Philip IV. This disappointment presaged the troubles of Philip’s last year as king. In June 1313 his fortunes had reached a high point. Having knighted his sons, taken the Crusader’s cross, and issued coinage-reform ordinances, he witnessed the triumphal departure of his sons against the Flemish, who had been excommunicated ...
What did Philip IV do to the publication of Clericis Laicos?
Philip IV countered or even forestalled the publication of Clericis laicos with an order forbidding all export of money and valuables from France and with the expulsion of foreign merchants. Although these measures were a serious threat to papal revenues, they…
Who was the Far Graver?
Far graver were the public trial and execution of two young squires convicted of adultery with Philip’s daughters-in-law. Jacques de Molay. An illustration of Templar grand master Jacques de Molay. From The Secret Tradition in Freemasonry by A.E. Waite, 1911.
Why did Philip IV have money problems?
Throughout his reign, Philip IV was plagued with money problems. Some of them were his own fault, due to his constant warring with the English, while some were inherited from his father’s failed A ragonese Crusade. Needing to find a way to make money fast, he had all of the Jews in France arrested, seized all of their assets, and used the money to fill his war coffers.
What was Philip IV known for?
Here are 45 facts about Philip IV, the fair king.
Why was Philip in debt to the Knights?
Philip was seriously in debt to the Knights Templar, believing that he had a limitless source of income. The Templars had other ideas, and expected him to pay it back. Unfortunately for them, as he demonstrated with the Lombard Bankers and the Jews, his answer to getting rid of debts was to get rid of the debtors.
How did Isabella of Aragon die?
Tragically, on January 11, 1271, she fell from her horse on the way back , giving birth prematurely to a stillborn son. 17 days later, she died as a result of her injuries, leaving the not quite three-year-old Philip and his brothers without a mother.
What did Philip's father do after Isabella died?
After Isabella’s death, Philip’s father immersed himself in campaigning and administrative interests, seeing little of Philip or his brothers. Not finding much of a role model in his father, Philip started hero-worshiping his deceased grandfather Louis IX, buying into the stories of his saintly virtues and his high standards of rule.
How old was Philip when he married?
They were 11 and 16 when they married, and whatever else he was, Philip was reportedly a devoted husband who loved and respected his wife. After her death in 1305, he never married again, despite the additional wealth and political gain that remarrying would have given him. Knightfall, A+E Studios. 16.
Why did Philip IV get his nickname?
Philip IV did not earn his nickname because he was a fair king. The nickname arose because of his good looks —but he was actually pretty inflexible, earning him other names. One of his adversaries, Bernard Saissett, the Bishop of Palmers once said: “He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue.”.
How old was Philip IV when he died?
Mentally and physically exhausted, King Philip IV died at the age of sixty in 1665, leaving a Great Power in decline to his four-year-old son, Charles, whose development gave little occasion for hope.
What was the character of King Philip IV?
Velázquez: King Philip IV of Spain in a black doublet, c. 1632. Philip’s personality is often regarded as reflecting the decline of Spain as a Great Power. Under his rule the Spanish court is supposed to have been a hotbed of pleasure-seeking, rampant favouritism and pervasive corruption.
What was the cause of the rekindling of hostilities in 1678?
Ostensible breaches of various terms of the peace treaty (including the issue of a dowry for Maria Teresa) led to a rekindling of hostilities. Spain lost yet more ground: the Peace of Nijmwegen in 1678 resulted in large losses of territory, with the Franche Comté and parts of the Spanish Netherlands falling to France.
Who was Philip's sister?
A degree of rapprochement was planned with the marriage of Philip’s sister, Infanta Maria Anna, to the heir to the throne, Charles. Shadowy intrigues and Philip’s ultimate refusal to allow a Spanish princess to become the wife of a Protestant offended the English court.
How long did Spain last in peace?
As king Philip made desperate – and mostly unavailing – attempts to preserve Spain’s authority in Europe. After a long period of peace lasting twelve years and resulting from the exhaustion ...
What was Philip IV's marriage?
Philip IV: marriage and offspring. Even as a child, Philip became the object of a dynastic union intended to underpin the rapprochement with France, a Great Power that was now growing in strength and influence. At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV.
How old was Philip when he was betrothed?
Even as a child, Philip became the object of a dynastic union intended to underpin the rapprochement with France, a Great Power that was now growing in strength and influence. At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV.
How old was Charles when he married Isabelle?
At the age of eleven he was betrothed to the ten-year-old Isabelle of Bourbon (1603–1644), daughter of King Henry IV. The marriage produced a son, Balthasar Charles (1629–1646), a feeble child who died at the age of sixteen, and six daughters, of whom only one was to survive childhood.
What was Philip's first wife's name?
Philip’s first wife, Isabelle, died in 1644. The urgent need for a male successor made it necessary for him to start searching for a new wife immediately. He fell back on an established tradition: marriage to a daughter of the Austrian line of the dynasty.
When was Charles born?
In 1661 Charles was born. The future of the global Spanish empire hung by a thread on the survival of this sickly child.
Who was born in 1655?
Born in 1655, Maria Ambrosia suffered from epilepsy and died after only fifteen days. In 1657 Philip Prosper was born, again a sickly infant, who died in 1661. His portrait by Velázquez hangs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Thomas Karl, born in 1658, died after only four months. In 1661 Charles was born.
Who was Philip's niece?
The forty-four-year-old widower Philip thus entered into a marriage with his fifteen-year-old niece Maria Anna (1634–1696) in 1649. The Austrian archduchess, who had originally been intended as the wife of Philip’s son Balthasar Charles, was the daughter of Philip’s sister Maria and Emperor Ferdinand III.
Overview
Suppression of the Knights Templar
Philip was substantially in debt to the Knights Templar, a monastic military order whose original role as protectors of Christian pilgrims in the Latin East had been largely replaced by banking and other commercial activities by the end of the 13th century. As the popularity of the Crusades had decreased, support for the military orders had waned, and Philip used a disgruntled complaint against th…
Youth
A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born in 1268 in the medieval fortress of Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne) to the future Philip III, the Bold, and his first wife, Isabella of Aragon. His father was the heir apparent of France, being the eldest son of King Louis IX.
In August 1270, when Philip was two years old, his grandfather died while on C…
Reign
After marrying Joan I of Navarre, becoming Philip I of Navarre, Philip ascended the French throne at the age of 17. He was crowned on 6 January, in 1286 in Reims. As king, Philip was determined to strengthen the monarchy at any cost. He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. To the public he kept aloof, and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers; as such he was called a "useless owl" by his contem…
Foreign policy and wars
As the Duke of Aquitaine, English King Edward I was a vassal to Philip, and had to pay him homage. Following the Fall of Acre in 1291, however, the former allies started to show dissent.
In 1293, following a naval incident between the English and the Normans, Philip summoned Edward to the French court. The English king sought to negotiate t…
Finance and religion
Under Philip IV, the annual ordinary revenues of the French royal government totaled approximately 860,000 livres tournois, equivalent to 46 tonnes of silver. Overall revenues were about twice the ordinary revenues. Some 30% of the revenues were collected from the royal demesne. The royal financial administration employed perhaps 3,000 people, of which about 1,000 were offi…
Tour de Nesle affair
In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, Margaret of Burgundy (wife of Louis X) and Blanche of Burgundy (wife of Charles IV) were accused of adultery, and their alleged lovers (Phillipe d'Aunay and Gauthier d'Aunay) tortured, flayed and executed in what has come to be known as the Tour de Nesle affair (French: Affaire de la tour de Nesle). A third daughter-in-law, Joan II, Countess of Burgundy (wife of Philip V), was accused of knowledge of the affairs.
Death
Philip suffered a cerebral stroke during a hunt at Pont-Sainte-Maxence (Forest of Halatte), and died a few weeks later, on 29 November 1314, at Fontainebleau. He is buried in the Basilica of St Denis. Philip was succeeded by his son Louis X.