Popé believed that he was commanded by tribal ancestral spirits (kachinas) to restore traditional native customs, and other villages enthusiastically responded to news of the planned uprising. On August 10, 1680, Popé led a united attack of almost all the Pueblo Indian tribes on the Spanish capital of Santa Fe, killing nearly 500.
Why did the Pueblo leader Popé lead a revolt?
Popé, a Pueblo leader and medicine man led a response to the persecution and violence—a return to native customs. He popularized the idea that “when Jesus came, the Corn Mothers went away.” This was a succinct way of describing the displacement of native traditions by the culture and religion of the Spanish.
What did Popé want Pueblos to do after revolt?
Popé's plan was that the inhabitants of each Pueblo would rise up and kill the Spanish in their area and then all would advance on Santa Fe to kill or expel all the remaining Spanish. The date set for the uprising was August 11, 1680.
Why did the Pueblos revolt against the Spanish under Popé?
Many believe the cause for the revolt was religious, while others speculate that the essential causes of the revolt were the immediate events of the time - drought, famine and the Apache raids of the 1670s. Still another writer believes that the Spaniards had lost their ability to intimidate the Pueblos.
Who was Popé The leader of the Pueblo Revolt?
PopéPopé or Po'pay (/ˈpoʊpeɪ/; c. 1630 – c. 1692) was a Tewa religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh (renamed San Juan Pueblo by the Spanish during the colonial period), who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule.
What role did religion play in the Pueblo Revolt?
What role did religion play in the Pueblo Revolt? Due to the Persecutions of non-catholics became more and more intense, during the pueblo revolt, the victorious pueblos burned churches and images of Christ and the Virgin Mary, and wading into rivers to wash away their catholic baptisms.
Who led the Pueblo uprising in Santa Fe quizlet?
Popé (Taos Pueblo)- Who led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680 against Spanish colonial rule.
What were the causes and effects of the Pueblo Revolt quizlet?
The spanish came in and tried to force the people to convert to christianity. They arrest the pueblo holy men and some of them are put to death. As revenge, Pope (a pueblo man), leads a revolt against the spanish and kill 400 spaniards all together and 35 priests. The spanish are forced to leave the area.
Who was involved in the Pueblo revolts?
Pueblo Rebellion, (1680), carefully organized revolt of Pueblo Indians (in league with Apaches), who succeeded in overthrowing Spanish rule in New Mexico for 12 years. A traditionally peaceful people, the Pueblos had endured much after New Mexico's colonization in 1598.
What caused the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 sparknotes?
In the face of turmoil, suffering from prolonged drought, and fearing the complete loss of our culture, the Pueblo people resorted to armed resistance. Po'pay of Ohkay Owingeh (formerly referred to as San Juan Pueblo) organized and led the revolt.
How did Popé remove the Spanish influence?
The Pueblos were finally rid of the Spanish. Popé then set about removing all traces of Spanish influence: he outlawed the Spanish language, destroyed Catholic churches, and "cleansed" the people who had been baptized by missionaries.
What was the result of Popé's rebellion?
The rebels raided through the Providence destroying churches, killing priests, and slaughtering Spanish settlers along the way. After this attack the Spanish needed almost half a century to regain New Mexico again.
Who was Popé in 1680?
Pope Alexander VIII - Wikipedia.
What was the name of the war between Spanish and Pueblo peoples?
These encounters, referred to as entradas (incursions), were characterized by violent confrontations between Spanish colonists and Pueblo peoples. The Tiguex War, fought in the winter of 1540–41 by the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado against the twelve or thirteen pueblos of Tiwa Native Americans, was particularly destructive to Pueblo and Spanish relations.
Why were the Pueblos baptized?
In 1608, when it looked as though Spain might abandon the province, the Franciscans baptized seven thousand Pueblos to try to convince the Crown otherwise.
What was the Pueblo revolt?
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Popay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than present-day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out ...
Where were the Pueblos not involved in the revolt?
The Pueblos not joining the revolt were the four southern Tiwa (Tiguex) towns near Santa Fe and the Piro Pueblos south of the principal Pueblo population centers near the present day city of Socorro. The southern Tiwa and the Piro were more thoroughly integrated into Spanish culture than the other groups.
Why did the Spanish return to New Mexico?
The Spanish return to New Mexico was prompted by their fears of French advances into the Mississippi valley and their desire to create a defensive frontier against the increasingly aggressive nomadic tribes on their northern borders. In August 1692, Diego de Vargas marched to Santa Fe unopposed along with a converted Zia war captain, Bartolomé de Ojeda. De Vargas, with only sixty soldiers, one hundred Indian auxiliaries or native soldiers, seven cannons (which he used as leverage against the Pueblo inside Santa Fe), and one Franciscan priest, arrived at Santa Fe on September 13. He promised the 1,000 Pueblo people assembled there clemency and protection if they would swear allegiance to the King of Spain and return to the Christian faith. After a while the Pueblo rejected the Spaniards. After much persuading, the Spanish finally made the Pueblo agree to peace. On September 14, 1692, de Vargas proclaimed a formal act of repossession. It was the thirteenth town he had reconquered for God and King in this manner, he wrote jubilantly to the Conde de Galve, viceroy of New Spain. During the next month de Vargas visited other Pueblos and accepted their acquiescence to Spanish rule.
Where did the Spanish flee from the Spanish?
Survivors fled to Santa Fe and Isleta Pueblo, 10 miles south of Albuquerque and one of the Pueblos that did not participate in the rebellion. By August 13, all the Spanish settlements in New Mexico had been destroyed and Santa Fe was besieged. The Puebloans surrounded the city and cut off its water supply.
What was the purpose of the Acoma massacre?
The Acoma Massacre would instill fear of and anger at the Spanish in the region for years to come, though Franciscan missionaries were assigned to several of the Pueblo towns to Christianize the natives. The location of the Pueblo villages and their neighbors in early New Mexico.
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Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
When was the Pueblo reelected?
He was, however, reelected Pueblo leader in 1688, shortly before his death.
Who led the Pueblo Rebellion?
Pueblo Indians. In 1680 a Tewa man, Popé, led the Pueblo Rebellion against the Spanish. The colonizers retreated from the region for several years but completed a reconquest in 1691.
Who led the attack on Santa Fe?
On August 10, 1680, Popé led a united attack of almost all the Pueblo Indian tribes on the Spanish capital of Santa Fe, killing nearly 500. After 10 days nearly 1,000 besieged residents abandoned the city and fled to El Paso del Norte.
Who led the San Juan Pueblo revolt?
One medicine man, Popé of the San Juan pueblo, embittered by imprisonment, believed himself commanded by the tribal ancestor spirits ( kachina s) to restore the old customs; on Aug. 10, 1680, he led a full-scale revolt in which almost all the Pueblos participated. On August 21 the Spaniards were…. History at your fingertips.
Who was the prophetic leader of the Pueblo Indians?
prophecy: Prophetic movements and figures in the religions of nonliterate cultures. In 1675 a medicine man, Popé, arose as a prophetic leader among the Pueblo Indians. He preached the end of Spanish tyranny and a restoration of Indian sovereignty.
Who led the Spanish expedition to the Southwest?
Since the expedition led by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado that had begun Spanish colonization of the Southwest in 1540, hundreds of Pueblo individuals had been impressed into virtual slavery or, if they dared open resistance, executed.
What was the impact of the Spanish attack on Santa Fe?
Within a few days, the entire Spanish community had retreated to Santa Fe. After several days of fierce fighting the Pueblos burned Santa Fe to the ground. They killed four hundred settlers and forced the survivors to flee southward hundreds of miles to El Paso (a present-day city in Texas). New Mexico was now totally under control of the Pueblos. Popé ordered that every trace of the Spanish culture be erased. He banned the Spanish language and the Christian religion, and he required converts to be ritually cleansed of their sins with yucca (a plant with long fibrous leaves on a woody base and large white blossoms) suds. Within a short time all evidence of the Spanish presence had vanished. Nevertheless Popé eventually lost the support of his followers, who had become accustomed to European trade goods. More significantly, he was an unwise and unjust ruler, resorting to abuses of power and becoming as brutal as the conquistadors. In addition, the Pueblos were attacked by Apaches, who seized their horses and brought them into contact with other Native cultures. After Popé died sometime around 1690, Pueblo unity eroded. In 1692 the Spanish returned in force and reasserted their authority in the Southwest.
What was the revolt of 1680?
In 1680 Popé organized a revolt at Santa Fe against Spanish forces. During the siege four hundred missionaries and colonists were killed, and the Pueblos forced the survivors to flee hundreds of miles southward. The Pueblos were finally rid of the Spanish.
What religion did the pope practice?
Defying laws established by Spanish conquistadors (conquerors), Popé practiced the traditional Pueblo religion and urged Native Americans to reject Roman Catholicism. ( Roman Catholicism is a branch of Christianity that is based in Rome, Italy, and headed by the pope.)
How many settlers did the Spanish kill?
They killed four hundred settlers and forced the survivors to flee southward hundreds of miles to El Paso (a present-day city in Texas). New Mexico was now totally under control of the Pueblos. Popé ordered that every trace of the Spanish culture be erased.
Did the Pueblo people accept Christianity?
Some Pueblo people accepted Christianity, although traditionalists continued to resist Spanish efforts to convert them. By the 1770s droughts had begun to reduce the food supply for the growing population, and starving Apaches attacked Pueblo peoples for food.
Who was the eyewitness to the Pueblo revolt?
Excerpted below is the eyewitness account of Don Pedro Nanboa, an elderly Alameda Pueblo who had observed Native resistance to the Spanish for several years.
Who was the priestly healer of San Juan Pueblo?
Little is known about Popé prior to 1675 (a few historians place the date around 1660), other than he had been practicing for some time as a Tewa medicine man (a priestly healer) of the San Juan Pueblo.
Overview
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Popay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than present-day New Mexico. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. The Spaniards reconquered New Mexico twelve years later.
Background
For more than 100 years beginning in 1540, the Pueblo people of present-day New Mexico were subjected to successive waves of soldiers, missionaries, and settlers. These encounters, referred to as entradas (incursions), were characterized by violent confrontations between Spanish colonists and Pueblo peoples. The Tiguex War, fought in the winter of 1540–41 by the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado against the twelve or thirteen pueblos of Tiwa Nat…
Rebellion
Following his release, Popé, along with a number of other Pueblo leaders (see list below), planned and orchestrated the Pueblo Revolt. Popé took up residence in Taos Pueblo far from the capital of Santa Fe and spent the next five years seeking support for a revolt among the 46 Pueblo towns. He gained the support of the Northern Tiwa, Tewa, Towa, Tano, and Keres-speaking Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. The Pecos Pueblo, 50 miles east of the Rio Grande pledged it…
Popé's land
The retreat of the Spaniards left New Mexico in the power of the Puebloans. Popé was a mysterious figure in the history of the southwest as there are many tales among the Puebloans of what happened to him after the revolt. Later testimony to the Spanish by the Pueblo people was probably colored by anti-Popé sentiments and a desire to tell the Spanish what they wanted to hear.
Spanish attempt to return
In November 1681, Antonio de Otermin attempted to return to New Mexico. He assembled a force of 146 Spanish and an equal number of native soldiers in El Paso and marched north along the Rio Grande. He first encountered the Piro pueblos, which had been abandoned and their churches destroyed. At Isleta pueblo he fought a brief battle with the inhabitants and then accepted their surrender. Staying in Isleta, he dispatched a company of soldiers and natives to …
Reconquest
The Spanish return to New Mexico was prompted by their fears of French advances into the Mississippi valley and their desire to create a defensive frontier against the increasingly aggressive nomadic tribes on their northern borders. In August 1692, Diego de Vargas marched to Santa Fe unopposed along with a converted Zia war captain, Bartolomé de Ojeda. De Vargas, with only sixty soldiers, one hundred Indian auxiliaries or native soldiers, seven cannons (which he used as leverage against the Pueblo inside Santa Fe), and one Franciscan priest, arrived at S…
In the arts
The 1994 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Journey's End" references the Pueblo Revolt, in the context of ancestors of different characters having been involved in the revolt.
In 1995, in Albuquerque, La Compañía de Teatro de Albuquerque produced the bilingual play Casi Hermanos, written by Ramon Flores and James Lujan. It depicted events leading up to the Pueblo Revolt, inspired by accounts of two half-brothers who met on opposite sides of the batt…
Pueblo revolt leaders and their home pueblos
• Ku-htihth (Cochiti): Antonio Malacate
• Galisteo (Galisteo): Juan El Tano
• Walatowa (Jemez): Luis Conixu
• Nambé (Nambé): Diego Xenome