Rutherford conducted a number of experiments with hydrogen nuclei and nitrogen in air using alpha particles and after a number of theories concluded that the hydrogen atom made up other atoms. He named this new fundamental particle as a proton.
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Who created the Rutherford model of the atom?
The Rutherford model of the atom is a model of the atom devised by the British physicist Ernest Rutherford. Ernest Rutherford postulated that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a small region called a nucleus at the center of the atom with electrons existing in orbits around it. Periodic Table
Who proposed the theory of stability of electrons?
The solution to the problem of the stability of the electrons in an atom was provided by young Danish physicist Niels Bohr working with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester in 1913. His model adopted Planck’s quantum hypothesis and he proposed a model in which the electrons of an atom were assumed to orbit the nucleus but could only do so in a finite set of orbits. He postulated that an atom emits or absorbs energy only in discrete quanta corresponding to absorption or radiation of a photon.
What would happen if an alpha particle collided with a plum-pudding atom?
According to Thomson’s model, if an alpha particle were to collide with an plum-pudding atom, it would just fly straight through, its path being deflected by at most a fraction of a degree. But in the experiment Geiger and Marsden saw that most of the particles are scattered through rather small angles, but, and this was the big surprise, a very small fraction of them are scattered through very large angles, approaching 180° (i.e., they were recoiled backwards).
Which model of the atom was not the first to propose a nuclear structure?
It must be noted, the Rutherford model of the atom was not the first model, which proposed a nuclear structure. The idea of a nuclear structure was previously proposed in 1903 by a Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka, who rejected Thomson’s model on the grounds that opposite charges are impenetrable.His model was known as the Saturnian model of the atom and according to this model the atom consists of a massive positive centre surrounded by a number of orbiting electrons, in the manner of Saturn and its rings.
What force would be needed to deflect an alpha particle backwards?
Rutherford assumed that, to deflect the alpha particle backward, there must be a very large force . This force could be provided only result from a collision with a massive target or from an interaction with an electric or magnetic field of great strength. In previous experiments, it was shown the deflections had to be electrical or perhaps possibly magnetic in origin.
Who was the first person to name rutherfordium?
In 1969, a group of American researchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley announced that they had identified isotopes of the element, different from the one identified by the Soviets; the Americans then proposed the name rutherfordium, in honour of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford.
What element was discovered in 1964?
Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced in 1964 the discovery of element 104 , which they named kurchatovium, symbol Ku (for Igor Kurchatov, a Soviet nuclear physicist). In 1969, a group of American researchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory of the University ...
What is the RF element?
Rutherfordium (Rf), an artificially produced radioactive transuranium elementin Group IVb of the periodic table, atomic number104. Sovietscientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Researchat Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced in 1964 the discovery of element 104, which they named kurchatovium, symbol Ku (for Igor Kurchatov, a Soviet nuclear physicist). In 1969, a groupof Americanresearchers at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratoryof the University of California at Berkeley announced that they had identified isotopes of the element, different from the one identified by the Soviets; the Americans then proposed the name rutherfordium, in honour of the British physicist Ernest Rutherford.
What element did the Soviets use to make a bomb?
In their experiment, the Soviets bombarded plutonium-242 with ions of neon-22, claiming to have obtained an isotopeof element 104 that had a mass numberof 260 and a half-life of 0.3 second. The Soviets then performed a series of chemical experiments with the isotope to demonstrate that it behaved in a manner that had been predicted for the element. When the workers at Dubna later used a more refined measuring technique, however, they found that the half-life of the isotope was 0.1 second, not 0.3 second as originally reported. This finding cast doubt on the chemical experiments with the element, because the results of those experiments could not have been obtained with atoms having a half-life of 0.1 second.
What isotopes were found in the Berkeley experiment?
The American investigators did not follow the same procedure as the Dubna group, because the American equipment could not accelerate neon-22 ions to the necessary energies. Instead, they bombarded a target of californium-249 with ions of carbon-12 and carbon-13. Although unable to obtain the same isotope as the Soviet scientists, the Berkeley team did report positive identification of two, possibly three, isotopes of element 104. The bombardment of californium-249 with carbon-12 produced an isotope with a mass number of 257 and a half-life of 4–5 seconds; the carbon-13 bombardment produced an isotope with a mass number of 259 and a half-life of three to four seconds. The investigators at Berkeley subsequently, by bombarding curium-248 with oxygen-18, synthesized an isotope of element 104 that has a mass number of 261 and a half-life of 70 seconds.
How many names are there in the periodic table quiz?
118 Names and Symbols of the Periodic Table Quiz
Which element was identified by the Berkeley team?
Although unable to obtain the same isotope as the Soviet scientists, the Berkeley team did report positive identification of two, possibly three, isotopes of element 104. The bombardment of californium-249 with carbon-12 produced an isotope with a mass number of 257 and a half-life of 4–5 seconds; the carbon-13 bombardment produced an isotope ...
What element is rutherfordium?
IUPAC decided element 104 would be called rutherfordium.
When was Rutherfordium discovered?
Rutherfordium. Discovery date. 1964. Discovered by. Georgy Flerov and colleagues and at Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, and independently by Albert Ghiorso and colleagues at Berkeley, California, USA. Origin of the name.
What element was produced in 1964?
History. History. Elements and Periodic Table History. In 1964, a team led by Georgy Flerov at the Russian Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, bombarded plutonium with neon and produced element 104, isotope 259.
How long does rutherfordium 261 last?
Rutherfordium-261 has a half-life of just over a minute; rutherfordium-263 has a half-life of 10 minutes and rutherfordium-267 may have a half life of over an hour, but so far the experiments have to be carried out with the lighter isotopes that are easier to make, like rutherfordium-261.
What element was created by the Californian Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory?
In 1969, a team led by Albert Ghiorso at the Californian Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) made three successful attempts to produce element 104 : by bombarding curium with oxygen to get isotope-260, californium with carbon to get isotope-257, and californium with carbon to get isotope-258.
What is the vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.
Who invented the atom bomb?
The Americans called it rutherfordium, after Ernest Rutherford, who pioneered the planetary model of the atom and discovered nuclear fission, whilst the Russians chose kurchatovium after Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov, a pioneering Russian nuclear physicist who led the project to make the first Russian atom bomb.
