Types of Individual Differences:
- Physical differences: Shortness or tallness of stature, darkness or fairness of complexion, fatness, thinness, or...
- Differences in intelligence: There are differences in intelligence level among different individuals. We can classify...
- Differences in attitudes: Individuals differ in their attitudes towards different people,...
What are individual differences in psychology?
“Individual differences are found in all psychological characteristics physical mental abilities, knowledge, habit, personality and character traits.” “The psychology of individual differences is largely the study of group differences.
What are the main causes of individual differences?
Heredity: One of the most significant and chief causes of individual differences is heredity.
What is research in individual differences?
Research in Individual Differences addresses three broad questions: 1) developing an adequate descriptive taxonomy of how people differ; 2) applying differences in one situation to predict differences in other situations; and 3) testing theoretical explanations of the structure and dynamics of individual differences.
Why do humans differ from each other?
Many differences between individuals are undoubtedly because of differences in their genes. However, human monozygotic twins who are genetically identical may differ markedly from each other ( Spector, 2012 ). Individuals differ, of course, because biological processes are inherently variable. Even so, environmentally induced variation is such ...
Why do individual differs from one another?
Individuals differ from one another due to the interplay between heredity and the environment. 'Hereditary and Environment' are complementary in determining the development of an individual as: all the mental and social traits depend on the environment.
What are the 3 individual differences?
There are three major domains of inquiry within individual differences research: personality, creativity, and intelligence.
What factors make individual differences?
The factors which are commonly designated as causative of individual differences are as follows:Race: ... Sex: ... Heredity: ... Maturity: ... Social and economic status:
In what areas do individuals differ?
The following are the areas of individual differences where individuals have differences, which are as follows: Physical differences. Age differences. Sex differences.
What is individual differences and its types?
Individual differences stand for the variation or deviations among individuals in regard to a single characteristic or number of characteristics. It is stand for those differences which in their totality distinguish one individual from another.
What are the 4 types of individual differences?
Characteristics that define individual differences can be classified into four main categories: Learning Style, Aptitude, Personality and Emotional Intelligence.
What is individual differences in human development?
Individual differences in psychology are the variations from one person to another on variables such as attitude, values, self-esteem, the rate of cognitive development or degree of agreeableness—think of it as all of the little bits and pieces that set us apart and makes us unique from others.
What are individual differences in psychology class 12?
Individual differences refer to distinctiveness and variation amongst people's characteristics and behaviour patterns. Many psychologists believe they are influenced by our Personal Traits.
How do different nations differ?
Individuals of different nations differ in respect of physical and mental differences, interests and personality etc. ‘Russians are tall and stout’; ‘Ceylonese are short and slim’; ‘Germans have no sense of humour’; ‘Yellow races are cruel and revengeful’; ‘Americans are hearty and frank’; Indians are timid and peace-loving’ and the like observations enter into our common talk.
What are the different types of physical differences?
Types of Individual Differences: 1. Physical differences: Shortness or tallness of stature, darkness or fairness of complexion, fatness, thinness, or weakness are various physical individual differences. 2.
Why are there differences in achievement?
These differences in achievement are even visible among the children who are at the same level of intelligence. These differences are on account of the differences in the various factors of intelligence and the differences in the various experiences, interests and educational background.
What are the differences in attitudes?
Differences in attitudes: Individuals differ in their attitudes towards different people, objects, institutions and authority. 4. Differences in achievement: It has been found through achievement tests that individuals differ in their achievement abilities.
Why do people differ in their intellectual and intellectual development?
Physical, intellectual and emotional development is caused by the growth in age. Many individuals differ because of the differences in intelligence. Individuals who are below the average in intelligence and mental age find much difficulty in learning and the average intelligent persons can learn quickly.
Why do boys and girls have different development?
Development of boys and girls exhibits differences due to difference in sex. The physical development of the girl takes place a year or two earlier than the boys. Between the age of 11 and 14, girls are taller and heavier than the boys. After 15, boys start winning the race.
How much intelligence do you need to be an idiot?
We can classify the individuals from super-normal (above 120 I.Q.) to idiots (from 0 to 50 I.Q.) on the basis of their intelligence level.
What is the meaning of individual differences?
Meaning of Individual Differences: Dissimilarity is principle of nature. No two persons are alike. All the individuals differ from each other in many a respects. Children born of the same parents and even the-twins are not alike. This differential psychology is linked with the study of individual differences.
What factors contribute to individual differences?
Age is another factor which is responsible in bringing individual differences. Learning ability and adjustment capacity naturally grow with age. When one grows in age can acquire better control over our emotions and better social responsibilities. When a child grows then this maturity and development goes side by side.
What are some heretical traits?
Heredity: Some heretical traits bring a change from one individual to other. An individual’s height, size, shape and color of hair, shape of face, nose, hands and legs so to say the entire structure of the body is determined by his heretical qualities.
What is the intellectual capacity of a man?
Each man has an intellectual capacity through which he gains experience and learning. Every person has the emotions of love, anger, fear and feelings of pleasure and pain. Every man has the need of independence, success and need for acceptance.
What factors influence intellectual differences?
Intellectual differences are also to a great extent influenced by hereditary factor. ii. Environment: Environment brings individual differences in behaviour, activities, attitude, and style of life characteristics.
What are some co-curricular activities that should be assigned to children according to their interest?
iv. Some co-curricular activities such as Drama, music, literary activities (Essay & Debate Competition) should be assigned to children according to their interest.
What is the gap between educated and uneducated?
There is a wide gap in the behaviors of educated and uneducated persons. All traits of human beings like social, emotional and intellectual are controlled and modifies through proper education. This education brings a change in our attitude , behaviour, appreciations, Personality.
Why do individuals differ?
Individuals differ, of course, because biological processes are inherently variable. Even so, environmentally induced variation is such that understanding the mechanisms underlying plasticity has moved to centre stage of current research. The term ‘plasticity’ refers to the changeable character of matter.
Why are there differences between individuals?
However, human monozygotic twins who are genetically identical may differ markedly from each other ( Spector, 2012 ). Individuals differ, of course, because biological processes are inherently variable.
Can the brain be different from the brain of a normal person?
In such cases, the brain reorganises and morphologically can look markedly different from the brain of a normal individual. Even so, the effects on behaviour may be scarcely detectable and the plasticity at the neural level may be accompanied by robust development at the behavioural level.
How many words describe personality?
In fact, in the English language, more than 15,000 words describing personality have been identified. When researchers analyzed the terms describing personality characteristics, they realized that there were many words that were pointing to each dimension of personality.
What are the values of different generations?
Values of a generation also change and evolve in response to the historical context that the generation grows up in. Research comparing the values of different generations resulted in interesting findings. For example, Generation Xers (those born between the mid-1960s and 1980s) are more individualistic and are interested in working toward organizational goals so long as they coincide with their personal goals. This group, compared to the baby boomers (born between the 1940s and 1960s), is also less likely to see work as central to their life and more likely to desire a quick promotion (Smola & Sutton, 2002).
How do you know if you are in a good mood?
You may have noticed that behavior is also a function of moods. When people are in a good mood, they may be more cooperative, smile more, and act friendly. When these same people are in a bad mood, they may have a tendency to be picky, irritable, and less tolerant of different opinions. Yet, some people seem to be in a good mood most of the time, and others seem to be in a bad mood most of the time regardless of what is actually going on in their lives. This distinction is manifested by positive and negative affectivity traits. Positive affective people experience positive moods more frequently, whereas negative affective people experience negative moods with greater frequency. Negative affective people focus on the “glass half empty” and experience more anxiety and nervousness (Watson & Clark, 1984). Positive affective people tend to be happier at work (Ilies & Judge, 2003), and their happiness spreads to the rest of the work environment. As may be expected, this personality trait sets the tone in the work atmosphere. When a team comprises mostly negative affective people, there tend to be fewer instances of helping and cooperation. Teams dominated by positive affective people experience lower levels of absenteeism (George, 1989). When people with a lot of power are also high in positive affectivity, the work environment is affected in a positive manner and can lead to greater levels of cooperation and finding mutually agreeable solutions to problems (Anderson & Thompson, 2004).
What is the difference between terminal and instrumental values?
Terminal values refer to end states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace. Instrumental values deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct , such as being honest and ethical, and being ambitious. According to Rokeach, values are arranged in hierarchical fashion.
Why do people stay in a company?
Value attainment is one reason why people stay in a company, and when an organization does not help them attain their values, they are more likely to decide to leave if they are dissatisfied with the job itself (George & Jones, 1996). What are the values people care about? There are many typologies of values.
How to assess someone's values?
According to Rokeach, values are arranged in hierarchical fashion. In other words, an accurate way of assessing someone ’s values is to ask them to rank the 36 values in order of importance. By comparing these values, people develop a sense of which value can be sacrificed to achieve the other, and the individual priority of each value emerges.
What are the values people care about?
This survey lists 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values in alphabetical order. Terminal values refer to end states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace. Instrumental values deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct , such as being honest and ethical, and being ambitious.
What is the most important question about individual differences?
Indeed, perhaps the most important question of individual differences is whether people are more similar to themselves over time and across situations than they are to others, and whether the variation within a single person across time and situation is less than the variation between people. A related question is that of similarity, ...
What is research in individual differences?
Research in Individual Differences addresses three broad questions: 1) developing an adequate descriptive taxonomy of how people differ; 2) applying differences in one situation to predict differences in other situations; and 3) testing theoretical explanations of the structure and dynamics of individual differences.
What is personality psychology?
Personality psychology addresses the questions of shared human nature, dimensions of individual differences and unique patterns of individuals. Research in IDs ranges from analyses of genetic codes to the study of sexual, social, ethnic, and cultural differences and includes research on cognitive abilities, interpersonal styles, and emotional reactivity. Methods range from laboratory experiments to longitudinal field studies and include data reduction techniques such as Factor Analysis and Principal Components Analysis, as well as Structural Modeling and Multi-Level Modeling procedures. Measurement issues of most importance are those of reliability and stability of Individual Differences.
What is related question?
A related question is that of similarity, for people differ in their similarities to each other. Questions of whether particular groups (e.g., groupings by sex, culture, age, or ethnicity) are more similar within than between groups are also questions of individual differences. Personality psychology addresses the questions of shared human nature, ...
How much more does a superior manager produce than an average manager?
In terms of applications to personnel psychology, a superior manager (one standard deviation above the mean ability for managers) produces almost 50% more than an average manager. These relationships diminish as a function of years of experience and degree of training.
Do people change as they mature?
However, this should not be taken to mean that people do not change as they mature but rather that the paths one takes through life are similar to those taken by genetically similar individuals.
Do genes code for behavior?
Genes do not code for thoughts, feelings or behavior but rather code for proteins that regulate and modulate biological systems. Although promising work has been done searching for the biological bases of individual differences it is possible to sketch out these bases only in the broadest of terms.
