-To determine the group, we need to understand some rules:
- If the element is in s block, then the group number is equal to the number of valence electrons.
- If the element is in the p block, then the number of the group can be determined by the formula: (number of valence electrons + 10).
What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?
The vertical columns of periodic table are called groups. The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell. The chemical bonds with other elements involve the electrons found in the outer shell. The number of a group is usually equal to the number of valence electrons. The groups in the periodic table are group 0, group ...
How many electrons are in group 4?
Every element in group 4 has four electrons in its outer orbital. Each element in group 4 is chemically reactive because it has the inclination to share the electrons found in outer shell, to form covalent compounds with a stable electronic configuration. The group 4 is divided in transition metals sub-group 4a and main elements sub-group 4b. The elements in transition sub-group 4a titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and thorium. The elements in main metals sub-group 4b are carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead.
Why is group 2 chemically reactive?
Each element in group 2 is chemically reactive because it has the inclination to lose the electrons found in outer shell, to form two positively charged ions with a stable electronic configuration. The group 2 is divided in alkaline earth metals sub-group 2a and transition metals sub-group 2b.
Why is each element in group 1 chemically reactive?
Each element in group 1 is chemically reactive because it has the inclination to lose the electron found in outer shell, to form one positively charged ion with a stable electronic configuration. The group 1 is divided in alkali metals sub-group 1a and transition metals sub-group 1b.
Which elements are in the alkali metals sub-group 1A?
The elements in alkali metals sub-group 1a are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium. The elements in transition metals sub-group 1b are copper, silver, and gold. Hydrogen belongs to alkali sub-group because it has one electron in its outer electronic orbital.
What are the elements in group 8?
The elements in group 8 have properties of metals. These elements are iron, cobalt nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.
Which transition metals are chemically reactive?
The elements in transition metals sub-group 2b are zinc, cadmium, and and mercury. Every element in group 3 has three electrons in its outer orbital. Each element in group 3 is chemically reactive because it has the inclination to lose the electrons found in outer shell, to form three positively charged ions with a stable electronic configuration.
How are elements organized in the periodic table?
The periodic table is organized into groups (vertical columns), periods (horizontal rows), and families (groups of elements that are similar). Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. Meanwhile, elements in the same period have the same number of occupied electron shells. In 1869 Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noticed there existed an innate pattern of organization for the chemical elements. From this deduction, he formed the periodic table. It is important to note how the location of elements on this table tells us about their properties. A quick way to understand an element’s chemical and physical properties is to know the periodic trends. These trends tell you where the highest and lowest types of properties are concentrated on the periodic table. For a more in-depth explanation of periodic trends, click here.
How many periods are there in the periodic table?
Periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table. There are seven periods total and each element in a period has the same number of atomic orbitals. The top period, which contains hydrogen and helium, has only two orbitals. As you go down the rows, the number of orbitals increases.
What group are alkali metals in?
The Alkali Metals (Group 1) The alkali metals consist of all of the elements in group one with the exception of hydrogen. These elements are extremely reactive and for this reason, are usually found in compounds. In addition, they are water-sensitive (they react violently with water), so they must be stored in oil.
What is an element in the periodic table?
Vocabulary. Elements: A pure substance composed of a single atom. Groups: The vertical column of the periodic table that signifies the number of valence electrons in an element. Periods: The horizontal rows in the periodic table that signify the number of electron shells in an element. Families: Elements that have the same number ...
What is the name of the group of elements that are found in the three states of matter at standard temperature?
The name halogen means “salt formers” in greek. This is evident in nature as halogens interact with metals to form various salts. On another note, the halogens are a unique group of elements. They are the only periodic family that contains elements in the three states of matter at standard temperature. There are 6 halogens and they are located in group 17. These elements include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are highly reactive, highly electronegative, and highly toxic non-metals.
Which metals are the second most reactive?
The alkaline earth metals are the second most reactive family on the periodic table (following behind the alkali metals). Moreover, they are strong reducing agents which means they donate electrons in chemical reactions. They are also good thermal and electrical conductors.
What are the families of elements?
These families are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, metalloids, halogens, noble metals, and noble gases. Many of these families belong to a single group. However, not all of the families overlap ...
How does the periodic table organize the elements?
The classic Periodic Table organizes the chemical elements according to the number of protons that each has in its atomic nucleus. (Image credit: Karl Tate, Livescience.com contributor)
Which group of the periodic table is alkaline earth metals in?
Alkaline-earth metals: The alkaline-earth metals make up Group 2 of the periodic table, from beryllium (Be) through radium (Ra). Each of these elements has two electrons in its outermost energy level, which makes the alkaline earths reactive enough that they're rarely found alone in nature. But they're not as reactive as the alkali metals. Their chemical reactions typically occur more slowly and produce less heat compared to the alkali metals.
What are the groups of metals that are radioactive?
All are radioactive. The actinides and the lanthanides together form a group called the inner transition metals. Transition metals: Returning to the main body of the table, the remainder of Groups 3 through 12 represent the rest of the transition metals.
What are the elements in the actinides?
Actinides: The actinides line the bottom row of the island and comprise elements 89, actinium (Ac), through 103, lawrencium (Lr). Of these elements, only thorium (Th) and uranium (U) occur naturally on Earth in substantial amounts. All are radioactive. The actinides and the lanthanides together form a group called the inner transition metals.
How many elements were there at the time of Mendeleev?
There were only about 60 elements known at the time, but Mendeleev realized that when the elements were organized by weight, certain types of elements occurred in regular intervals, or periods. Today, 150 years later, chemists officially recognize 118 elements (after the addition of four newcomers in 2016) and still use Mendeleev's periodic table ...
Why is the period of sodium longer?
Moving down the table, periods are longer because it takes more electrons to fill the larger and more complex outer levels. The columns of the table represent groups, or families, of elements.
Why is Mendeleev's table a circle?
Because of the cyclical nature created by the periodicity that gives the table its name, some chemists prefer to visualize Mendeleev's table as a circle.
How many groups are there in the periodic table?
Groups are the vertical columns on the periodic table. There are total 18 vertical columns on periodic table. Hence there are 18 groups. The elements lying in the same groups show similar chemical properties and they also have same number of valence electrons.
What is the first group of elements in the periodic table?
Group 1: Alkali metals group. Alkali metals group is the very first group (group 1) on the periodic table. The elements included in the Alkali metals group are; Lithium (Li)
Why are the elements in the bottom two rows of the periodic table included in group 3?
The elements in the two bottom rows of the periodic table are also included in these groups. They are placed in the two separate rows at the bottom because they show few different properties. Actually, the elements in the bottom rows are the extension of group 3 only. So they are included in group 3. But as these elements have few different ...
What is the oxygen group on the periodic table?
Oxygen group is the group 16 on the periodic table.
What is an example of group 18?
Example of group 18. All the elements of group 18 are chemically inert (that means they do not easily react with other elements). And all the elements of group 18 have a complete octet (that means they have 8 electrons in their outer shell).
Which group is alkaline earth metals?
Alkaline earth metals are the group 2 elements on the periodic table.
Can you find every detail of an interactive periodic table?
You can effortlessly find every single detail about the elements from this single Interactive Periodic table.
What is the difference between periodic table groups and periods?
Periodic Table Groups and Periods. A periodic table group is a column, while a periodic table period is a row. Groups and periods organize elements on the periodic table of the elements. A group is a vertical column down the periodic table, while a period is a horizontal row across the table. Both groups and periods reflect the organization ...
How many periods are there in the periodic table?
Elements within a period display periodic table trends, moving from left to right, involving atomic and ionic radius, electronegativity, There are seven element periods. Some periods contain more elements than others because the number of included elements depends on the number of electrons allowed in an energy sublevel.
What are the elements that chemists classify?
These groups go by the names alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, basic metals, nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides.
How many valence electrons are in group 17?
For example, elements in group 1 have 1 valence electron, elements in groups 3-12 have a variable number of valence electrons, and elements in group 17 have 7 valence electrons. The lanthanides and actinides, located below the main table, all fit within group 3.
How does the atomic number of an element increase?
Element atomic number increases as you move down a group from top to bottom or across a period from left to right. An element group is a vertical column on the periodic table. Atoms in a group share the same number of valence electrons. An element period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. Atoms in a period have the same number ...
What is the right group of the periodic table?
The right of the periodic table consists of the non-metallic elements including noble gas and metalloid. The VII A group is also known as the Halogen Family and its elements are known as halogens . All Noble Gases are in the group 0. All these elements are collectively known as Normal Representative Element.
What is period in chemistry?
1. The period of element relates the number of shells of an atom of the given element.
How many valence electrons are in an element?
3. Here we find that the no of valence electrons of element is 7 as the valence shell has 7 electrons.
CORE Concepts
Related Articles
Vocabulary
- Elements: A pure substance composed of a single atom.
- Groups: The vertical column of the periodic table that signifies the number of valence electrons in an element.
- Periods: The horizontal rows in the periodic table that signify the number of electron shells in an element.
- Elements: A pure substance composed of a single atom.
- Groups: The vertical column of the periodic table that signifies the number of valence electrons in an element.
- Periods: The horizontal rows in the periodic table that signify the number of electron shells in an element.
- Families: Elements that have the same number of valence electrons and therefore similar properties.
The Periodic Table and The Periodic Trends
- The periodic table is organized into groups (vertical columns), periods (horizontal rows), and families (groups of elements that are similar). Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. Meanwhile, elements in the same period have the same number of occupied electron shells. In 1869 Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noticed...
Periods on The Periodic Table
- So what is a period on the periodic table? Periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table. There are seven periods total and each element in a period has the same number of atomic orbitals. The top period, which contains hydrogen and helium, has only two orbitals. As you go down the rows, the number of orbitals increases. Below is a table to help visuals the periodic nu…
Groups of The Periodic Table
- As previously mentioned, the vertical columns on the periodic table are called “groups”. There is eighteen groups on the periodic table in total, and each periodic table group contains elements with the same number of valence electrons. The number of valence electrons present dictates the properties of an element. The reason for this is that the valence electrons, which are the electro…
Families of The Periodic Table
- On the periodic table, there are familieswhich are groups of elements with similar properties. These families are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, metalloids, halogens, noble metals, and noble gases. Many of these families belong to a single group on the periodic table. However, not all of the families overlap with periodic table groups. F…
Period
- The periodic table's horizontal row is called a period. The periodic table is divided into seven periods, each starting on the far left. When a new primary energy level begins to fill with electrons, a new period begins. Period 1 only includes two elements (hydrogen and helium), but periods 2 and 3 each have eight. There are 18 elements in Periods 4 and 5. The two bottom rows have 32 …
How to Find The Period of An element?
- The value of n for the outermost or valence shell is shown by the period. The number of shells in an atom determines the period. The period of an element is represented by the principal quantum number (n) of the valence electrons in the electronic configuration of an atom. The number of shells equals the number of periods when determining a period. Example: Na- 2,8,1 - There are t…
Group
- Based on the organization of the outer shell electrons, a group is a vertical column of the periodic table. There are 18 groupings in total. You should be familiar with both of the numbering systems that are often used to designate groups. The letters A and B are used in the conventional system in the United States. 1A and 2A are the first two groups, while 3A through 8A are the last six. Th…
How to Find Group number?
- To determine the group, we must first know the following rules: 1. The group number is equal to the number of valence electrons if the element is in the s block.Example:2,8,2 Mg(12)Valence electrons = group no= 2 1. If the element belongs to the p block, the group number can be calculated using the formula (number of valence electrons + 10), for a ...
Conclusion
- The periodic table is a table that represents chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number, allowing one to see trends in their properties. Periods are the seven rows of the periodic table. Metals are located on the left side of the table, whereas nonmetals are located on the right.The columns are referred to as groups. Elements with comparable characteristics are grou…