Sodium iodide ( chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na +) and iodide anions (I −) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry.
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How do you distinguish sodium iodide?
Sodium chloride and sodium iodide are such two compounds that are sodium halides. The main difference between sodium chloride and sodium iodide is that sodium chloride is composed of a chloride ion bonded to a sodium ion whereas sodium iodide is composed of an iodide ion bonded to a sodium ion.
What does sodium iodide look like?
Sodium iodide is an ionic compound formed by the chemical reaction of metal sodium and iodine. In standard conditions, it is a white and solid containing a 1:1 mixture (Na+) of a sodium cation (Na+) and a 1:1 mixture of iodide anion (I–).
What is sodium iodide found in?
Iodine is found in various foods, including seafood, small amounts of iodized salt, and vegetables grown in iodine-rich soils. Iodine-containing mist from the ocean is another important source of iodine, since iodine is absorbed by the skin. Iodized salt provides 76 micrograms (mcg) of iodine per gram of salt.
How do you get sodium iodide?
Sodium iodide is an ionic compound produced by the addition of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to hydriodic acid.
What is the colour of sodium iodide?
whiteSodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na+) and iodide anions (I−) in a crystal lattice.
What happens when you mix sodium iodide and water?
0:251:17Equation for NaI + H2O (Sodium iodide + Water) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWater when we do that the nai that dissolves it dissociates in the water and that gives us the ionsMoreWater when we do that the nai that dissolves it dissociates in the water and that gives us the ions so we'd have the sodium cation and a plus.
What is the common name for sodium iodide?
Sodium iodidePubChem CID5238StructureFind Similar StructuresChemical SafetyLaboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) DatasheetMolecular FormulaNaI or INaSynonymssodium iodide 7681-82-5 Ioduril Sodium monoiodide Soiodin More...4 more rows
Is sodium iodide the same as iodine?
Iodide is the ion form of iodine, occurring when iodine bonds with another element, such as potassium. Dietary iodine also occurs naturally as an iodide, such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide, (the kind typically placed into salt).
Is sodium iodide the same as salt?
Sodium chloride is commonly known as salt and sodium iodide is an additive to salt to reduce the iodine deficiency in human.
Does sodium iodide dissolve in water?
WaterAcetoneEthanolSodium iodide/Soluble in
Why is sodium iodide added to salt?
Table salt often comes in "iodized" form which means it includes a small amount of potassium iodide or sodium iodide. Iodized salt is intended to supply us with the trace amount we need of the chemical element iodine, which is necessary for the proper functioning of our thyroid gland.
Where can iodide be found?
Iodine is found in soil and the ocean, which varies in amount and will affect how much of the mineral is contained in a food. Iodine is found mainly in animal protein foods and sea vegetables, and to a lesser extent in fortified foods like breads, cereals, and milk.
What does iodide look like?
Iodine is a non-metallic, dark-gray/purple-black, lustrous, solid element. Iodine is the most electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form compounds with many elements.
Is sodium iodide the same as iodine?
Iodide is the ion form of iodine, occurring when iodine bonds with another element, such as potassium. Dietary iodine also occurs naturally as an iodide, such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide, (the kind typically placed into salt).
What is the real color of iodine?
violetThe Greek meaning of Iodine is purple or violet and this color is due to the colour of elemental iodine vapour. The Iodine is a bluish-black solid (at room temperature) with a metallic luster sublimating into violet-pink gas.
Is sodium iodide the same as salt?
Sodium chloride is commonly known as salt and sodium iodide is an additive to salt to reduce the iodine deficiency in human.
What is the color of iodide?
Iodides (including sodium iodide) are detectably oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (O 2) to molecular iodine (I 2 ). I 2 and I − complex to form the triiodide complex, which has a yellow color, unlike the white color of sodium iodide.
What is sodium iodide used for?
Sodium iodide activated with thallium, NaI (Tl), when subjected to ionizing radiation, emits photons (i.e., scintillate) and is used in scintillation detectors , traditionally in nuclear medicine, geophysics, nuclear physics, and environmental measurements. NaI (Tl) is the most widely used scintillation material. The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube, in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic. Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness, afterglow, transparency) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth. Crystals with a higher level of doping are used in X-ray detectors with high spectrometric quality. Sodium iodide can be used both as single crystals and as polycrystals for this purpose. The wavelength of maximum emission is 415 nm.
What is the radioactive salt of sodium?
Some radioactive iodide salts of sodium, including Na 125 I and Na 131 I , have radiopharmaceutical uses, such as in the treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism or as radiolabeling tracers in imaging (see Isotopes of iodine > Radioiodines I-123, I-124, I-125, and I-131 in medicine and biology ).
What is the reaction of sodium iodide?
This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction: R–Cl + NaI → R–I + NaCl.
How does water affect iodide?
Water accelerates the oxidation process, and iodide can also produce I 2 by photooxidation, therefore for maximum stability sodium iodide should be stored under dark, low temperature, low humidity conditions.
What is the chemical formula for sodium iodide?
Sodium iodide ( chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na +) and iodide anions (I −) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially as the salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide. It is a chaotropic salt .
Is sodium iodide hygroscopic?
The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube, in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic. Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness, afterglow, transparency) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth.
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What is a high quality iodide crystal scintillator?
High-quality Sodium Iodide crystal scintillators are available with a large variety of form factors and sizes. These detectors offer the best performance and resolution for your nuclear spectroscopy applications.
What is the most widely used scintillation material for gamma ray spectroscopy?
The longtime work horse for BNC’s SAM III generation and SAM 940, sodium iodide (NaI) crystals are the most widely used scintillation material for gamma-ray spectroscopy. Their high light output and the excellent match to the sensitivity of photomultiplier tubes, provide good, economical energy resolution. The energy resolution at 662 keV is about 6% at fullwidth, half-maximum amplitude (FWHM).
Does size matter in a nai detector?
When increasing the diameter of the scintillator, the solid angle under which the detector "sees" the source also increases. This increases the detection efficiency .
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What is the purpose of a NaI detector?
OK – so that covers how the NaI detector works and what it can be used for (again, to measure gamma contamination, for nuclide identification, or – with caveats – to measure radiation dose rate ). Now a little on other types of scintillators. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used to measure alpha contamination.
How does a scintillation detector work?
Here’s how the scintillation-type detectors work. First, an important point. Most scintillation detectors are only sensitive to one type of radiation. So NaI detectors will pick up gamma radiation, but not alpha or beta, zinc sulfide (ZnS) will only pick up alpha radiation, and so forth. In actuality, there might be some sensitivity ...
What happens when a gamma ray interacts with a NaI crystal?
When a gamma ray interacts with the NaI crystal it deposits energy – this energy is what causes the photons to be given off. Not only that, but a predictable number of photons are emitted depending on the energy deposited – in a sodium iodide crystal, depositing 1 MeV of energy will cause about 42,000 scintillation photons to be emitted.
How to identify a radionuclide?
Something else that we can use NaI detectors for is identifying specific radionuclides by measuring the energy of each individual gamma that enters the crystal – this process is called gamma spectroscopy, or can also be called multi-channel analysis (and the instrument set up for this purpose is called a gamma spectroscopy device, or a multi-channel analyzer – abbreviated MCA). The basic principle behind gamma spectroscopy is that every gamma-emitting radionuclide emits a gamma ray (or a few gammas) with very specific energies – like a fingerprint – and if we can identify the gamma energies precisely enough then we can identify the radionuclide (s) present. For example, cesium-137 (Cs-137) gives off a gamma with an energy of 662 thousand electron volts (abbreviated keV) – if we analyze a gamma ray spectrum and find a peak with an energy of 662 keV then we know that Cs-137 is present. Along the same lines, seeing twin gamma peaks at about 1.1 and 1.3 million electron volts (MeV) tells us that we’ve found cobalt-60 (Co-60).
What is ZnS used for?
Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used to measure alpha contamination . The ZnS crystals are razor-thin – only about as thick as a single human hair (give or take a little). But since alpha particles can’t penetrate very far into any materials the crystals don’t need to be any thicker than this. For a number of reasons we don’t worry about dose rate from alpha radiation, so the only thing we need to measure is count rate – a fairly simple matter of counting pulses. The biggest problem with ZnS detectors is that they can be fragile (remember how thin the crystals are). It can also take a long time to do a proper alpha contamination survey since alphas are so easily shielded and have such a short range in air. But for alpha counting, ZnS is about as good as it gets, in spite of its limitations.
What happens when a photon hits a photocathode?
When the photon hits the photocathode it causes an electron to be ejected from the photocathode.
Do scintillation detectors have limitations?
So to sum all of this up, scintillation detectors have their limitations, but they are essential pieces of equipment for just about anyone making radiation measurements. The big things are to treat them gently to keep from breaking them, and to use them properly and within their limitations.
What is NaOH made of?
NaOH is made up of a Sodium (Na), a Oxygen (O) and a Hydrogen (H).
What is sodium in drain cleaner?
Sodium is commonly found in the form of Sodium Hydroxide, A.K.A. the major ingredient in drain and oven cleaners.
What color is sodium ions?
use a flame test for sodium ions - they give a distinctive yellow/orange flame colour.
What can you do with Matmatch?
With Matmatch you can explore a database of thousands of metals, polymers, ceramics and more - for free.
What does mixing an acid and a base produce?
Mixing an acid and a base produces a salt and water.
How to test for white precipitate?
Take the unknown salt in a test tube and add few ml of Silver Nitrate and check whether you get White or Yellow precipitate.
Why do negatively charged ions pair with positively charged ions?
To put it simply, a negatively charged ion must pair up with a positively charged ion because they attract.
Overview
Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine. Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na ) and iodide anions (I ) in a crystal lattice. It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially as the salt formed when acidic iodi…
Uses
Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodized table salt contains 10 ppm iodide.
Sodium iodide is used for conversion of alkyl chlorides into alkyl iodides. This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction:
Stability
Iodides (including sodium iodide) are detectably oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (O2) to molecular iodine (I2). I2 and I complex to form the triiodide complex, which has a yellow color, unlike the white color of sodium iodide. Water accelerates the oxidation process, and iodide can also produce I2 by photooxidation, therefore for maximum stability sodium iodide should be stored under dark, low temperature, low humidity conditions.
See also
• Gamma spectroscopy
• Scintillation counter
• Teratology
Cited sources
• Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.49. ISBN 9781498754293.
External links
• "ICSC 1009 – Sodium Iodide (Anhydrous)". International Chemical Safety Card. April 20, 2005. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
• "Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – Safety data for sodium iodide". ScienceLab.com. May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
• "Sodium iodide (Oral route, Injection route, Intravenous route)". Drugs.com. 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.