The first step in writing a clear solution is having a plan. Make a simple outline of your solution. Include the items you’ll need to define, and the order in which you will write up the important parts of your solution.
Full Answer
What is a solution in chemistry?
A solution is what occurs when two chemicals are mixed, referred to as a solvent and a solute. The combination of solute and solvent together is a solution. A solution is often one substance dissolved in another, such as dissolving salt in water.
How do you prepare a solution in chemistry?
Chemistry Quick Review of Solution Preparation. You prepare a solution by dissolving a known mass of solute (often a solid) into a specific amount of a solvent. One of the most common ways to express the concentration of the solution is M or molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution.
How do you calculate the amount of solute in a solution?
Since the density of water is 1 g/ml, the formula to calculate the amount of solute that must be mixed for a weight percent solution is: grams of solute = (wt% solution) x (ml of water) ÷ (100 – wt% solution) As an example, to make 100 ml of 10% NaCl (table salt) solution, use the previous formula to find out how much NaCl you need:
How do you write a chemical equation?
How to Write a Chemical Equation. 1. Memorize the prefixes for number of atoms. In naming compounds, Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms present for each element. 2. Write the chemical symbol for the first element. When a compound has been written out, you must identify the ...
How do you write a solution for a chemistry lab?
To do this, add enough water to dissolve the solute. Then add an acid or base solution dropwise (usually a hydrochloric acid or HCl solution for acid or sodium hydroxide or NaOH solution for a base) to reach the desired pH. Then add more water to reach the mark on the glassware.
How do you write the solution of a chemical equation?
SolutionEquation TypeExample 7.7.1aComplete Ionic Equation2Ag+(aq)+2NO−3(aq)+Ca2+(aq)+Cl−(aq)⟶2AgCl(s)+Ca2+(aq)+2NO−3(aq) AgCl is a solid so it does not break up into ions in solution.Net Ionic EquationAg+(aq)+Cl−(aq)⟶AgCl(s) All spectator ions are removed.1 more row•May 20, 2018
What is solution write an example?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm. Common examples of solutions are sugar in water and salt in water solutions, soda water, etc. In a solution, all the components appear as a single phase.
How do you form a solution?
1:163:58When do two substances form a solution (part 1) | Don't MemoriseYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo we can say that the solutes dissolve in the solvent to form a solution for example in seawater.MoreSo we can say that the solutes dissolve in the solvent to form a solution for example in seawater. Water is the solvent. And all the metal salts and gases dissolved in it are solutes.
How do you write a chemical equation for beginners?
0:138:28Writing chemical equations - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo you need to know that the reactants. Always are the starting materials. And that those always goMoreSo you need to know that the reactants. Always are the starting materials. And that those always go on the left. And the products are the end of materials.
When writing a chemical equation What goes first?
the skeleton equationThe first step in writing an accurate chemical equation is to write the skeleton equation, making sure that the formulas of all substances involved are written correctly. All reactants are written to the left of the yield arrow, separated from one another by a plus sign.
What is a solution in chemistry?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent. solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to produce a homogeneous mixture. solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture.
What are the 3 types of solutions in chemistry?
On the basis of physical states of solvent and solute can be categorized as solid, liquid and gaseous solutions.
What is meant by a solution in chemistry?
solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to the liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible.
How do you make a 1 solution?
A one percent solution is defined as 1 gram of solute per 100 milliliters final volume. For example, 1 gram of sodium chloride, brought to a final volume of 100 ml with distilled water, is a 1% NaCl solution.
How do you create a solution of different concentrations?
Solutions of known concentration can be prepared either by dissolving a known mass of solute in a solvent and diluting to a desired final volume or by diluting the appropriate volume of a more concentrated solution (a stock solution) to the desired final volume.
How do you make liquid solution?
Dissolve 93.52 g of NaCl in about 400 mL of distilled water, then add more water until final volume is 800 mL. If starting with a solution or liquid reagent: When diluting more concentrated solutions, decide what volume (V2) and molarity (M2) the final solution should be.
How do you write the chemical formula of a chemical structure?
Writing a Chemical Formula Given a Chemical Structure For organic compounds, the order is carbon, hydrogen, then all other elements in alphabetical order of their chemical symbols. If the structure does not contain carbon, write all elements, including hydrogen, in alphabetical order of their chemical symbols.
How do you write a class 7 chemical equation?
Step 1Reactants are written on the left (LHS)Products are written on the right (RHS)There is a '+' sign between the reactants or products if there is more than one reactant/product.There is an arrow '→' between the reactants and products which shows the direction of the reaction.More items...•
How do you write a chemical equation in Class 10?
1:375:09Chemical Equations - Class 10 Tutorial - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThe hydrogen atoms in the reactant. Ch4 are 4 while in the product h2o the count is 2 to balance theMoreThe hydrogen atoms in the reactant. Ch4 are 4 while in the product h2o the count is 2 to balance the hydrogen atoms put coefficient 2 before h2o on the product side.
What is a Solution in Chemistry?
In chemistry, a solution is defined as a homogenous mixture of two or more compounds, where one compound is the solvent and the other compounds are solutes. As a rule of thumb, the compound with the greatest mass is considered to be the solute.
What is the first step in a solution?
As before, the first step is to determine just how strong a solution you need to make and how much of it you need.
How much KOH should I dissolve in 500ml of water?
So, to make a 500ml solution of 0.20 M KOH I need to dissolve 5.6 grams of KOH in exactly 500 ml of distilled water.
What is the ratio between a solvent and a solute?
The ratio between the solvent and solute is usually denoted in two ways. As molar concentration (moles/liter) or as a percentage ratio of weight and volume, such as weight/weight, weight/volume or volume/volume.
How much NaCl should I use to make 2.0 l?
So, to make 2.0 L of a 10% (w/v) NaCl solution I would need to weigh out 200 grams of NaCl. Again, the accuracy only needs to be on two digits so a weight of 199.5 gr or 200.9 gr is just fine in this case.
How does a solute affect the final volume of a solution?
It's important to dissolve the solute first before adjusting the volume as in many cases the solute can affect the final volume of the solution, either by increasing or decreasing it . As an example, if you mix 50 ml of water with 50 ml of ethanol you end up with an approximately 98 ml solution.
What is the molar mass of each element?
You can find the molar mass of each element from the periodic table. K has a molar mass of 39.1 grams/mole, O has a molar mass of 16.0 grams/mole and H has a molar mass of 1.01 grams/mole.
What are the two components of a solution?
Solutions generally refer to liquid mixtures, but can also involve mixtures of gases or solids. Creating a solution requires two components - a solvent and a solute. The solvent is the medium into which other substances will be dissolved, and usually makes up a greater percentage of the mixture. The solute is the substance (or substances) that will be dissolved into the solvent. For example, if you mixed a solution of 70% ethanol and 30% water, the ethanol would be the solvent and the water would be the solute. If you dissolve some table salt in a glass of water, the water will be acting as the solvent, while the salt is a solute. The salt water that is created is a solution.
What is liquid solution?
Liquid solutions involve a mixture of two or more miscible liquids (i.e., liquids that can dissolve in one another). Examples include:
What is the solvent in soda?
The solvent for these ingredients (or substrates) is water.
Why are sodas considered liquid gas?
Liquid-Gas Solutions - Beverages such as sodas are also liquid/gas solutions because carbon dioxide (a gas) is dissolved into the liquid drink to give it a distinct fizziness.
What is the key factor that differentiates a solution from many other types of mixtures?
The key factor that differentiates a solution from many other types of mixtures is that it is a homogeneous mixture. Take soda, for example. Its individual components, such as the sugar or the flavorings, cannot be easily identified. It simply appears as a uniform liquid, which is what classifies it as a homogeneous mixture.
What is solution science?
Specifically, the solution definition refers to a type of homogeneous mixture - i.e., a mixture that has a uniform composition and its individual components cannot be distinguished. This is different from a heterogeneous mixture, in which individual components can be visually identified.
What is natural gas?
Natural gas - a solution of various gaseous organic compounds, namely methane, ethane, butane, and propane
How to express concentration of a solution?
One of the most common ways to express the concentration of the solution is M or molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution.
How to adjust pH of a solution?
Sometimes it's necessary to adjust the pH of a solution. To do this, add enough water to dissolve the solute. Then add an acid or base solution dropwise (usually a hydrochloric acid or HCl solution for acid or sodium hydroxide or NaOH solution for a base) to reach the desired pH.
How to calculate molar mass of NaCl?
First, calculate the molar mass of NaCl which is the mass of a mole of Na plus the mass of a mole of Cl or 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol
How to dissolve salt in water?
Add a small volume of distilled, deionized water to dissolve the salt.
Is molarity expressed in liters?
Molarity is expressed in terms of liter of solution, not liters of solvent. To prepare a solution, the flask is filled to the mark. In other words, it is incorrect to a 1 liter of water to a mass of sample to prepare a molar solution. Sometimes it's necessary to adjust the pH of a solution.
How to calculate the amount of solute needed in a solution?
First, determine the concentration (weight percent or Molarity, see below) and amount (milliliters) of solution you need from your lab procedure. Second, calculate the amount of solute needed in grams, using one of the formulas given below. Next, weigh out the solute and add it to a mixing beaker. Finally, measure the volume of water needed in milliliters with a graduated cylinder and add it to the beaker. Stir the solution until all of the chemical dissolves.
How to dissolve a chemical?
Stir the solution until all of the chemical dissolves. Break up hard lumps of chemical with a mortar and pestle or by careful crushing in a plastic bag with a hammer. Chemicals dissolve more quickly by gently heating the solution and stirring.
How to make molar solution?
A balance and a volumetric flask are used to make molar solutions. A procedure for making a molar solution with a 100 ml volumetric flask is as follows: 1 Calculate the weight of solute needed to make 100ml of solution using the above formula. 2 Weigh out amount of solute needed using a balance. 3 Transfer the solute to a clean, dry 100ml volumetric flask. 4 Add distilled water slowly to the volumetric flask. Wash all the solute into the bottom of the flask as you do so. Keep adding water until you reach the 100ml mark on the neck of the flask. 5 Place the stopper in the flask and gently swirl the flask until all the solute is dissolved.
How to dissolve solute in a flask?
Place the stopper in the flask and gently swirl the flask until all the solute is dissolved.
How long to dissolve solutes in solid form?
Plan one hour for every 2-4 solutions you need to prepare.
What is the most abundant solution?
Solutions can exist as solids, liquids, or gases. All solutions contain a solvent and one or more solutes. The solvent, often water, is the chemical that’s most abundant. The solute is the chemical (s) that’s less abundant.
How to calculate weight percent solution?
In weight percent solutions, the weight of the solute is divided by the weight of the solution (solute + water) and multiplied by 100. Since the density of water is 1 g/ml, the formula to calculate the amount of solute that must be mixed for a weight percent solution is:
What is solution in chemistry?
Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase .
What is a solution in science?
She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution may exist in any phase . A solution consists of a solute and a solvent. The solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
What are the characteristics of a solution?
Characteristics of a Solution. A chemical solution exhibits several properties: A solution consists of a homogeneous mixture. A solution is composed of one phase (e.g., solid, liquid, gas). Particles in a solution are not visible to the naked eye. A solution does not scatter a light beam.
Can components of a solution be separated using simple mechanical filtration?
Components of a solution cannot be separated using simple mechanical filtration.
Is salt a solute or a solvent?
For example, in a saline solution, salt is the solute dissolved in water as the solvent. For solutions with components in the same phase, the substances present in lower concentration are solutes, while the substance present in highest abundance is the solvent.
What is a Solution?
What is a solution? Solutions are a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It has homogeneity at the particle level. Usually, people think of it as some liquid with either a solid or a liquid or a gas dissolved in it. However, this is not entirely true. We can also have solid solutions like alloys. For example:
What are the components of a solution?
Components of a Solution 1 Solvent: The component of a solution which dissolves the other component in itself is called solvent. A solvent constitutes the larger component of the solution. For example, a solution of sugar in water is solid in the liquid. Here, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent. 2 Solute: The component of the solution which dissolves in the solvent is called solute. The solute is the smaller component of the solution. For example, a solution of iodine in alcohol known as ‘tincture of iodine’, iodine is the solute. Similarly, in carbonated drinks (Soda water), carbon dioxide gas is the solute.
What is the solute in a solution?
Solute: The component of the solution which dissolves in the solvent is called solute. The solute is the smaller component of the solution. For example, a solution of iodine in alcohol known as ‘tincture of iodine’, iodine is the solute. Similarly, in carbonated drinks (Soda water), carbon dioxide gas is the solute.
How small are solute particles?
The size of solute particles in the solutions is extremely small. It is less than 1 nm in diameter. The particles of a solution cannot be seen even with a microscope. The particles of a solution pass through the filter paper. Thus filtration cannot separate the solution.
What are the two components of a homogeneous solution?
The substances that make up a homogeneous solution are called components of the solution. It has basically has two components i.e. a solvent and a solute. Solvent: The component of a solution which dissolves the other component in itself is called solvent. A solvent constitutes the larger component of the solution.
What is the most common method for expressing the concentration of a solution?
The most common method for expressing the concentration of a solution is the percentage method. The concentration of the solutions refers to the percentage of solute present in the solutions.
What is the concentration of a solution?
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of it. In other words, the concentration of a solution is the mass of the solute in grams, which is present in 100 g of a solution. Depending upon the amount of solute present, it is called a dilute, concentrated or a saturated solution.
How to write an equation with reactants?
Write the full equation. After writing the products that will form in the equation, you can write the whole equation with both products and reactants. Keep the reactants on the left side of the equation and write the new products on the right side with a plus sign between them.
How to think about a chemical reaction?
A good way to think about a chemical reaction is the process of baking cookies. You mix the ingredients together (flour, butter, salt, sugar, and eggs), bake it, and see that it changes into something new: cookies! In chemistry terms the equation is the recipe, the ingredients are "reactants," and the cookies are "products.".
What is the chemical equation for cookies?
All chemical equations look something like "A + B →C (+ D...), " in which each letter variable is an element or a molecule (a collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds).
When is an equation balanced?
An equation is balanced only when you have the same number of atoms of every element present on both sides.
Why are covalent compounds written out as molecular formulas?
Covalent compounds are written out as molecular formulas due to the fact that each compound is a distinct, separate molecule. Covalent compounds have the first element written out completely while the second element is named with the suffix “ide.”. For example, diphosphorus trisulfide has a chemical formula of P 2 S 3.
What is the first element written in the periodic table?
Use the periodic table to find the chemical symbol for the element. For example: Dinitrogen hexafluoride. The first element is nitrogen and the chemical symbol for nitrogen is N.
When working with polyatomic ions, what charge should be used?
Remember, when working with polyatomic ions, use the charge of the complete polyatomic ion, rather than the individual ions.
How many sections are there in chemistry?
Generally, research reports in chemistry are separated into four sections that help the reader follow the “chemical story” that the author is trying to convey. These sections can be loosely associated with the five steps of the scientific method and can assist an author in confirming that they have fully explained their research.
Is chemistry written in third person?
The development of modern chemistry occurred during the 19th century, predominantly in Germany. As a result, most of the great historical advances in the chemical sciences before 1950 were communicated in German. Because style conventions reflect this history, chemistry is always written in the third person passive voice. Pronouns such as “I,” “we,” and “us” should never be used when writing a chemistry paper.
How to write a lab report for chemistry?
To write a chemistry lab report, start by describing your experiment and your hypothesis, or what you think will happen. Include the Reaction Equation, which you is the chemical reaction that you are going to be conducting, including the reactants and products and their structure.
How to write an introduction for an experiment?
This will give your reader the basics of the experiment you will be conducting. Start by providing the background on your topic, as well as what previous research has shown. Next, explain the gap in research that you will be testing. State your hypothesis, as well as how you will test it. Your introduction will answer the following questions:
How to write a lab report?
Here is a good order for your lab report: 1) Abstract - You'll write this summary of the experiment last, but put it first in your report. 2) Introduction - Include the background information, and point out the gap in research you're addressing. 3) Hypothe sis - What you think will happen when you test the gap in knowledge. 4) Experimental Section/Materials and Methods - Describe your reagents, protocols, and every detail of what you did. 5) Results - Explain what happened, providing your data. 6) Discussion - Provide your data interpretations, note any issues or mistakes, and suggest future directions. 7) References - Include all of your sources!
What do you need to include in a lab report?
Any lab report will need to include your name and the name of your lab partner (s) and their email addresses. Also provide the date that you did the experiment, the name of the teacher or professor, and the class name, number, and section number (if applicable). Leave space at the beginning for your abstract.
What should be included in a lab introduction?
A lab introduction should include what you believe you will learn from conducting an experiment. This is otherwise known as a hypothesis. Be sure to explain why you believe your hypothesis, and what the purpose of the experiment will be in proving or disproving your hypothesis. Read on for another quiz question.
What is an abstract in an experiment?
Your abstract is a summation of your entire experiment. You can’t write it until you have the results, but you have everything you need to write your introduction before the experiment. Click on another answer to find the right one... A summation of the experiment.
Do you need to incorporate safety precautions into lab reports?
Pay careful attention to the safety precautions recommended for the type of experiment you're doing. You will need to incorporate these into your lab report.
