What is pharmacy calculations?
Calculations! Pharmacy calculations is one of the cornerstones of any pharmacy degree. Students must learn about doses, concentrations, moles and molarity, displacement values, biopharmaceutics and much more. Here, we have put together complete study guides to help you master this
What are Aces and how are they calculated?
These typically include: Provided these criteria, ACEs are often considered in terms of a cumulative score which ranges from 0 to 10. When calculating an ACE score, each type of trauma counts as one point, no matter how many times it occurs.
How do you calculate dosage of a drug?
Drug Dosage Calculation Formulas. To calculate the number of tablets, use the following formula: Strength required / Stock strength = Number of tablet (s) required. Or another way this drug dosage formula can be expressed is: What you want / What you’ve got = Number of tablet (s) required.
How do you use ratios in pharmacy calculations?
In pharmacy calculations, a ratio can be used to express strength of drug concentration. Example: A 1:25 solution of wintergreen oil means that 1 mL of wintergreen oil is contained in each 25 mL of solution. A proportion represents the equality between two ratios. A proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side.
How do you calculate ACE Pharmaceuticals?
How to ace pharmacy calculationsWork efficiently. ... Draw out the key points. ... Know the units and conversions. ... Check the final answer makes sense. ... Round the answer at the correct time. ... Extract and interpret the right information. ... Formulae to memorise. ... Practice weaker points.
How are pharmacy doses calculated?
D/H x Q = x, or Desired dose (amount) = ordered Dose amount/amount on Hand x Quantity.
How are pharmacy percentages calculated?
To express the value as a percentage, we need to convert the number of milligrams in 1 mL to grams in 100 mL: g – – mg 10 mg= 0 0 1 0 =0.01 g There is 0.01 g of morphine sulfate in 1 mL of solution. Which means that there is 0.01×100 g=1 g in 100 mL. The percentage is 1% w/v.
How are pharmacy dilutions calculated?
Pharmacy Dilution Math is a process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.... The Equation Set-up: 1500(.20) + X (0.00) = (1500 + X).12. Do the math: 1500(.20) + X (0.00) = (1500 + X).12. 300 = 180 + .12X. 120 = .12X. Isolate for "X": 120. = .12x. .12. .12. Solution:
What is the 3 step process in calculating dosages?
Three primary methods for calculation of medication dosages exist; Dimensional Analysis, Ratio Proportion, and Formula or Desired Over Have Method. We are going to explore the Ratio-Proportion Method, one of these three methods, in more detail. Clinicians must define a ratio and proportion.
How do you calculate injection dosages?
Drug dosages are calculated according to body weight in kilograms and concentration of a drug (mg/mL or mg/tablet). If you are giving an antibiotic injection and the dose is 5 mg/kg, you will want to multiply the dose 5 mg/kg X 14.5 kg (the kg cancel out) to give you 72.5 mg total dose for the patient.
How is percentage calculated?
In mathematics, a percentage is a number or ratio that can be expressed as a fraction of 100. If we have to calculate percent of a number, divide the number by the whole and multiply by 100. Hence, the percentage means, a part per hundred. The word per cent means per 100.
How do you calculate overall percentage?
The following formula is a common strategy to calculate a percentage:Determine the total amount of what you want to find a percentage. ... Divide the number to determine the percentage. ... Multiply the value by 100.
How is term 1 percentage calculated?
A percentage is a number that is shown in terms of 100.To find the percentage of the marks obtained, one shall divide the total scores by marks obtained and then multiply the result with 100. Example: If 79 is the score obtained in the examination out of 100 marks, then divide 79 by 100, and then multiply it by 100.
How do you calculate dilutions?
Using C1V1 = C2V To make a fixed amount of a dilute solution from a stock solution, you can use the formula: C1V1 = C2V2 where: V1 = Volume of stock solution needed to make the new solution. C1 = Concentration of stock solution. V2 = Final volume of new solution.
How is dilution factor calculated?
How is a dilution factor determined? A dilution factor is the total volume of a sample plus diluent after dilution divided by the inital volume of sample. 100 mL of final volume ÷ 2 mL original volume of sample = 50 dilution factor.
How do you calculate formulation?
To do this, you firstly need to decide how much product you want to make – the total size of your batch. You then need to work out how much of each ingredient to use, and there is an easy calculation to make. This calculation is the percentage of the ingredient divided by 100, multiplied by the batch size.
How do you calculate quantity taken?
3:084:07Calculate the quantity of ingredient from a prescription - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThis number times that and x times 81 times 400 is 400. I'll continue my work here 400. And just toMoreThis number times that and x times 81 times 400 is 400. I'll continue my work here 400. And just to be clear this should read mg. And this should be ml. So one times 400 is 400 is equal to 80.
How do you calculate mg per tablet?
tablet = 2.5 mg. tablets = 2.5 + 2.5 mg = 2 + 2 + 0.5 + 0.5 mg = 4 + 1 = 5 mg. tablets = 2.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 mg = 2 + 2 + 2 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 mg = 6 + 1 + 0.5 mg = 7.5 mg.
Why are calculations important in pharmacy?
Accurate pharmacy calculations prevent medical errors; underdosing a patient may lead to inadequate treatment, and overdosing a patient may lead to drug toxicity.
How is drug potency calculated?
Amount of drug = (Peak area of sample/Peak area of standard) * (Dilution factor of standard solution/Dilution factor for sample solution)* (potency of working standard (on as-is basis)/100)* Avg weight of the tablet.
What is the purpose of aliquot method?
Aliquoting plays an essential role as a technique to separate a larger sample into smaller parts; it is also equally as important in temperature sensitivity of drugs. [9]
What is %v/v?
Percent Volume in Volume (v/v): Is the number of milliliters in 100 mL of solution and is expressed as %v/v. A liquid component in a liquid preparation would be calculated on a v/v basis.
What does percentage strength mean?
Percent strength represents the number of grams contained in 100 mL of product and is very useful in pharmacy calculations.
What is the volume of IV?
Total IV Volume/Time (hour or minute) = mL per hour or minute
What happens when specific gravity is known?
If the specific gravity is known, the volume or weight of the desired quantity can be determined.
What is specific gravity?
Specific gravityrefers to the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at the same time.
Why is accurate calculation important in pharmacy?
Accurate pharmacy calculations prevent medical errors; underdosing a patient may lead to inadequate treatment, and overdosing a patient may lead to drug toxicity.
Why is it important to practice pharmacy calculation questions?
Often, irrelevant detail is included simply to help the instructor know whether you have the skills to identify the correct details that need to be used to answer the question. That’s why practicing pharmacy calculation questions in the lead up to the exam is so important.
What do you learn in pharmacy calculations?
Students must learn about doses, concentrations, moles and molarity, displacement values, biopharmaceutics and much more. Here, we have put together complete study guides to help you master this
What should pharmacy students be able to think three-dimensionally about?
Metaphorically speaking, pharmacy students should be able to think three-dimensionally about pharmacy alculations – understanding the nature of each problem; knowing what tools to apply; and applying the necessary critical thinking skills to bring the answer together.
What to do if an equation doesn't seem correct?
Formulae are helpful, but they often create their own sets of confusion. If upon using an equation the answer doesn’t seem correct, then try to answer the question – if possible – without the equation and see if you arrive at the same answer. If you do, you can be sure you have arrived at the correct answer.
Can you memorize pharmacy formulas?
However, once you get your head around the fundamental concepts, the numbers begin to make far more sense. Never try to “memorize” formulae for the sake of it. You will get caught out come exam day.
Do you need to understand pharmacy theory?
It’s not enough to understand the theory, either . You must be able to put that theory into practice. Metaphorically speaking, pharmacy students should be able to think three-dimensionally about pharmacy alculations – understanding the nature of each problem; knowing what tools to apply; and applying the necessary critical thinking skills to bring the answer together.
Is it bad to run out of time on a pharmacy exam?
There’s nothing worse than running out of time during a pharmacy exam. Whilst it’s important to take your time, it must be timed proportionally. Don’t spend a disproportionate amount of time on any one question. It only leaves you rushing in the end which, for calculations, can turn out to be a gruesome nightmare.
What are ACEs?
ACEs or Adverse Childhood Experiences are traumatic events that have occurred before a person's 18th birthday. These typically include:
The Impact of ACEs
The higher one's ACE score, the greater their risk for chronic disease, mental illness, violence and/or becoming a victim of violence. Sound familiar? Get help now.
What is a bulk bottle?
A stock solution , commonly referred to as bulk bottle, is a large volume of a reagent (in chemistry) or in this case, medication. These stock solutions can be prepared by a manufacturer or compounded in the pharmacy. Pharmacists typically take stock solutions and use them to prepare weaker solutions of medications or chemicals for laboratory or clinical use.
What are the factors to consider when calculating creatinine level?
When using the below equations, two factors to consider are (1) the serum creatinine is at steady state and (2) the weight, gender, and age of the individual reflect normal muscle mass.
What is TPN in nutrition?
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides all of the patient’s daily nutritional requirements and generally contains dextrose (carbohydrate), amino acids (protein source), vitamins, trace minerals, electrolytes, and fat emulsions. TPN solutions may also include insulin and occasionally therapeutic drugs. The amount of protein, dextrose, and fat are calculated based on the patient’s daily kcal (calories) needed and available stock solutions. Other ingredients do not contain calories.
What is electrolyte solution?
ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS. Electrolyte solutions are used to treat fluid and electrolyte disturbances. They may be prepared as oral solutions, syrups, dry granules intended to be dissolved in water or juice to make an oral solution, or oral tablets or capsules, and they are also commonly prepared as intravenous infusions.
What is the name of the pressure that causes a fluid to be hypotonic?
The pressure that causes this occurrence is known as osmotic pressure. A solution that exerts the same osmotic pressure as a specific body fluid is known as isotonic. If the solution exerts an osmotic pressure lower than that of specific body fluid, the solution is hypotonic.
What happens when a solvent passes through a semipermiable membrane from a low concentration solution to?
Osmosis occurs when a solvent (e.g.,water) passes through a semipermiable membrane from a low-concentration solution into a high-concentration one, with the result that the concentrations become equalized. The pressure that causes this occurrence is known as osmotic pressure.
What is the purpose of alligation?
Alligation is a method that is particularly useful when mixing two or more preparations of known strengths to prepare a mixture of an intermediate desired strength. The final mixture will be an average of the individual strengths, which are calculated as proportional parts.
How many 2mg tablets are needed for 5/7?
Each daily dose needs two 5mg tablets and four 2mg tablets, which is ten 5mg tablets and twenty 2mg tablets for 5/7. A further 7mg is required for the next two days – which is two 5mg tablets and two 2mg tablets for 2/7.
How often is X prescribed?
She is also prescribed 7mg once-daily (of the same drug) for the remaining 2/7. Drug X is only available in 2mg and 5mg tablets.
How much fluconazole should a 3-year-old take?
Answer: A 3-year old child should be prescribed 4.2mL of fluconazole suspension (50mg/5mL) daily.
How many mg in 0.02ml?
If there is 50mg in 1mL of formulation – then 0.02mL must contain 1mg.
How much vitamin A is in formula X?
Formulation X contains 9.25mg of vitamin A (as retinyl acetate) and 400 IU of ergocalciferol. Formulation Y contains 2,240 IU of vitamin A and 10 micrograms of vitamin D.
How much should a 6-month-old weigh?
The ideal body weight of a 6-month old child is 7.6kg.
How many micrograms of adrenaline is in a ml?
Adrenaline is available as an injection of 100 micrograms/mL.
How to calculate the number of tablets needed?
To calculate the number of tablets, use the following formula: Strength required / Stock strength = Number of tablet (s) required. Or another way this drug dosage formula can be expressed is: What you want / What you’ve got = Number of tablet (s) required.
How many drug dosage calculations are there?
You can test what you have learnt with this drug calculations quiz. There are seven drug dosage calculations to attempt; you will be able to check your answers when you have completed all of the questions.
How much dihydrocodeine is needed for a patient?
A patient requires dihydrocodeine 30mg. The available stock on the ward is 10mg/5ml (10mg in 5ml) elixir. What volume is required?
How much amisulpride is needed?
A patient requires amisulpride 200mg. The available stock on the ward is 100mg/ml (100mg in 1ml) oral solution. What volume is required?
How many parts are there in the learning process?
This learning is divided into three parts.
What is KnowledgeDose?
KnowledgeDose strives to help support healthcare professionals, trainees and university students in their everyday practices, studies and professional development. We create and share clinical content that is accessible, engaging and concise.
Does Mrs P take nitrofurantoin?
The urologist has prescribed nitrofurantoin 100mg once daily at night on Mrs P’s drug chart. Mrs P is having trouble swallowing tablets so the ward pharmacist has stated on the drug chart to give nitrofurantoin oral suspension.