How does the influenza virus infect?
Influenza virus infects respiratory epithelial cells that line the upper (including nasal) through lower (to the alveoli) respiratory tract. A key parameter in determining the extent of associated disease is the degree to which the lower respiratory tract becomes invaded by the virus [7].
How does influenza invade host cells?
A viral enzyme, called polymerase, is key to this process. It both copies the genetic material of the virus and steers the host cell machinery towards the synthesis of viral proteins. It does this by stealing a small tag, called a cap, from host cell RNA molecules and adding it onto its own.
How does influenza invade the body?
The flu virus typically enters your body through your nose via droplets from an infected person who sneezes or coughs near you. If a sick person is standing within six feet of you, they're close enough to spread germs.
How does a virus infect a host cell steps?
Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.
How does influenza damage cells?
Influenza virus targets mainly airway and alveolar epithelial cells in vivo [4,5]. Rapid replication of the virus in these cells disturbs the cellular function and damages tissue as well as causing production of a huge number of dead cells in the lung of the infected host.
How does the influenza A virus target a host cell quizlet?
How does the influenza A virus target a host cell? The virus has H spikes that are specific to receptors on the surface of the host cell. Flu symptoms like nausea, fever, and chills are caused by ... cytokines release during the body's immune response to the influenza virus.
What is the host cell receptor for influenza virus?
The cell entry of influenza virus is governed by receptor biology. Sialic acids (SAs) of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids are the receptors for the influenza virus, recognized by the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA; Figure 1).
How does influenza enter lung cell?
The virus then enters the cell via endocytosis or micropinocytosis and is trafficked to the lysosome where acidification activates the proton selective matrix protein-2 viral channel (M2), inducing membrane fusion and dissociation of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) core, which is then transported to the nucleus where ...