Effects of environment in phenotypic expression:
- Expression of phenotype is often controlled by environmental factors.
- For example, natural factors such as light, temperature, nutrient availability, water etc. can affect phenotypic expression of plants.
- An example of how environment affects phenotype is hydrangeas. ...
Does the environment exert an influence on the phenotype?
Yes, environmental factors can exert an influence on the phenotype. Some environmental factors like temperature, light, humidity, food availability, stress, and mutagens’ presence may influence gene expression, ultimately results in the change of phenotypes.
What is an example of environmental effect on phenotype?
Effects of Environment on Phenotype. Genes play an important part in influencing phenotype, but genes are not the only influence. Environmental conditions, such as temperature and availability of nutrients can affect phenotypes. For example, temperature affects coat color in Siamese cats. The dark “points” on this Siamese cat are caused by ...
Does environment affect people then their genes do?
These marks — which can be added methyl molecules, or a modified histone tail — adjust the individual’s gene function, changing what the genes do or how strongly they express themselves. In a nutshell, environment and experiences affect a human’s development and behavior in an enduring fashion — actually altering regions of DNA, with effects that may last for an entire lifetime.
What are the 5 environmental problems?
The Biggest Environmental Issues
- Climate Change. The majority of the issues previously listed contribute or are linked to climate change. ...
- Polar Ice Caps. The issue of the melting of polar ice caps is a contentious one. ...
- Transportation. ...
- Natural Resource Use. ...
- The Nitrogen Cycle. ...
- Lowered Biodiversity. ...
- Air Pollution. ...
- Ocean Acidification. ...
- Ozone Layer Depletion. ...
- Acid Rain. ...
Abstract
Phenotypic discordance between monozygotic twins, such as a difference in disease susceptibility, implicates the role of the environment in determining phenotype. To assess genomewide environmental effects on “gene expression phenotype,” we employed a published microarray data set for twins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The microarray data produced by Sharmaet al. (2005) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) with the following accession numbers: GSM14480, GSM14481, GSM29053, GSM29054, GSM29055, and GSM29056.
RESULTS
Environmental variation was measured by expression differences within MZ twin pairs (within-pair variation). Expression differences between MZ twin pairs (between-pair variation) were deemed to contain both genetic and environmental variation. We refer to them as total variation.
DISCUSSION
Our study demonstrated chromosomal location effects on variations in gene expression. Surprisingly, environmental components were able to account for most of the positional variation in gene expression changes. Genetic variation, although responsible for much expression variation, does not seem to contribute to the regional biases in it.
Acknowledgement
We thank Jong Bhak (Korean BioInformation Center) and Sangsoo Kim (Soongsil University) for their valuable comments and suggestions. We are grateful to the original authors of the microarray data used in this analysis. This work was supported by the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology under grant no. M10407010001-04N0701-00110.
When environmentally induced plasticity in growth and development occurs, interpretations of phenotypic plasticity are con?
Whenever environmentally induced plasticity in growth and development occurs, interpretations of phenotypic plasticity are confounded with changes in phenotypic expression associated with ontogenetic drift.
What is phenotypic expression?
Phenotypic expression is the result of a complex interplay between an organism’s genes and its environment.
Why is it important for an organism to express variable phenotypes in heterogeneous environments?
The ability of an organism to express variable phenotypes in heterogeneous environments has been thought to confer adaptive benefits that increase fitness. Plants, as immobile organisms, cannot relocate to more favorable environments; plant phenotypic plasticity could be under strong selective pressure in predictably variable environments.
What is Porter JR?
Porter JR. A modular approach to plant growth analysis. I. Theory and principles. New Phytol. 1983;94:183–90. CrossRef Google Scholar
Who wrote the book Canalization of Development and the inheritance of acquired characters?
Waddington CH. Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature. 1942;15:563–5. CrossRef Google Scholar
How does thalidomide affect gene expression?
Yet another example of the way in which chemicals can alter gene expression involves thalidomide, a sedative, antiemetic, and nonbarbiturate drugthat was first manufactured and marketed during the mid-1950s. While thalidomide has no discernable effect on gene expression and development in healthy adults, it has a profoundly detrimental effect on developing fetuses. When the drug was first created, however, its impact on fetuses was not known. Moreover, because of its apparent lack of toxicityin adult human volunteers, thalidomide was marketed as the safest available sedative of its time and rapidly became popular in Europe, Australia, Asia, and South America for countering the effects of morning sickness. (In the United States, the drug failed to receive Food and Drug Administration approval because its side effects included tingling hands and feet after long-term administration, which led to concerns that the drug might be associated with neuropathy.) Not until 1961 did Australian researcher William McBride and German researcher Widukind Lenz independently report that thalidomide was a teratogen, meaning that its use was associated with birth defects. Another study associated thalidomide use with neuropathies. Sadly, the drug was withdrawn too late to prevent severe developmental deformities in approximately 8,000 to 12,000 infants, many of whom were born with stunted limb development. Interestingly, despite the fact that thalidomide is dangerous during embryonic development, the drug continues to be used in certain instances yet today. For example, it has therapeutic potential in treating leprosy, and in recent years, it has also been used to treat cancers and enhance the effectiveness of cancer vaccines (Bartlett et al., 2004; Fraser, 1988).
What are environmental cues that can trigger gene expression and cancer?
Environmental Cues Like Hypoxia Can Trigger Gene Expression and Cancer Development
How does light affect butterfly wings?
Light can also influence gene expression, as in the case of butterfly wing development and growth. For example, in 1917, biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted studies in which he placed Vanessa urticaand Vanessa iocaterpillars under red, green, or blue light, while other caterpillars were kept in the dark. When the caterpillars developed into butterflies, their wings showed dramatic differences. Exposure to red light resulted in intensely colored wings, while exposure to green light resulted in dusky wings. Blue light and darkness led to paler colored wings. In addition, the V. urticabutterflies reared under blue light and V. iobutterflies reared in the dark were larger than the other butterflies.
What are the factors that influence gene expression?
Internal and external environmental factors, like gender and temperature, influence gene expression.
What temperature does a rabbit have fur?
The rabbit reared at temperatures above 30°C (right) has no fur pigmentation, because gene C is inactive at these higher temperatures.
Which cell has transcription factors?
Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Control in Eukaryotic Cells