What is the speed of gravity in physics?
In the relativistic sense, the "speed of gravity" refers to the speed of a gravitational wave, which, as predicted by general relativity and confirmed by observation of the GW170817 neutron star merger, is the same speed as the speed of light ( c ).
Does the speed of a wave depend on the medium?
These properties describe the wave, not the material through which the wave is moving. The lesson of the lab activity described above is that wave speed depends upon the medium through which the wave is moving. Only an alteration in the properties of the medium will cause a change in the speed.
What is the speed of a meteor?
The Wikipedia also mentions the peak velocity is 71 km/s, which is the speed of a comet-based meteor slamming heading on into an Earth that is moving at 29 km/s around the Sun. I have seen the speed of meteors estimated to be anywhere from 11 km/s to 71 km/s. This post has shown where these numbers come from and they appear to be reasonable.
Does the speed of light depend on gravity or motion?
This makes it the only speed which does not depend either on the motion of an observer or a source of light and / or gravity. Thus, the speed of "light" is also the speed of gravitational waves, and further the speed of any massless particle.
What is medium velocity blood spatter?
“Medium velocity” A bloodstain pattern resulting from an object impacting a blood source at roughly 25 feet per second. A typical example is spatter resulting from the impact of a blunt instrument swung by hand.
What are the differences between low velocity medium velocity and high velocity impact spatter?
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What is the fastest speed that blood can travel?
Arterial blood flow velocities ranging from 4.9-19 cm/sec were measured, while venous blood flow was significantly slower at 1.5-7.1 cm/sec. Taking into account the corresponding vessel diameters ranging from 800 microm to 1.8 mm, blood flow rates of 3.0-26 ml/min in arteries and 1.2-4.8 ml/min in veins are obtained.
How does velocity affect blood spatter?
Increasing velocity of the drop also causes an Increase in the diameter of the spatter in passive drops of blood. Passive drop increases velocity as it falls due to effects of gravity. Velocity increases when drops fall from greater heights, however, patter will not become larger at heights above 7 feet.
At what height do blood reach terminal velocity?
As blood falls, its velocity increases. The velocity of the falling blood will continue to increase until it reaches terminal velocity, 9.8 ms-2, the downward pull of gravity. Studies done by MacDonell on 0.05 ml drops of falling blood showed that terminal velocity would occur when the drop falls 25.1 feet (7.7m).
What is the fastest that free falling blood can travel?
25.1 ft/secTerminal Velocity – The greatest speed to which a free falling drop of blood can accelerate in air; This speed is 25.1 ft/sec.
How fast can the human body move?
So far, the fastest anyone has run is about 27½ miles per hour, a speed reached (briefly) by sprinter Usain Bolt just after the midpoint of his world-record 100-meter dash in 2009. This speed limit probably is not imposed by the strength of our bones and tendons.
What is the viscosity of human blood?
between 3.5 and 5.5 cPBlood is a non-Newtonian, shear thinning fluid with thixotropic and viscoelastic properties. Many cardiovascular handbooks consider blood viscosity values between 3.5 and 5.5 cP to be normal.
Where is blood flow the fastest?
the aortaAt the aorta, blood travels the fastest. The cross-sectional area of blood arteries directly affects blood flow velocity. A smaller cross-sectional area means faster blood flow via the arteries.
What can cause a medium velocity impact?
Medium velocity impact spatters are often caused by blunt force traumas and the spatter droplet size varies up to 4 mm. In the following experiment, spatters of a bat, metal rod (wheel- axle rod), a knife and a rock (broken cement block) have been analysed. Using a Knife, wheel-axle rod, a wooden bat and a rock.
What type of injury would produce medium velocity blood spatter?
Medium velocity blood spatter can be caused by a beating with a blunt object. For example somebody getting beaten with a baseball bat. The force of the blood hitting a surface for medium velocity blood spatter is between 5 and 100 feet per second.
What is low velocity impact spatter?
A bloodstain pattern that results when blood moving slowly (~1.5 metres per second or less) strikes a surface. Blood dripping from a nosebleed onto the floor creates a low velocity impact spatter.
What is low velocity impact?
Low velocity impact occurs at velocities below 10 m/s and is likely to cause some dents and visible damage on the surface due to matrix cracking and fibre breaking, as well as delamination of the material [14]. Intermediate impact occurs in a velocity range from 10 m/s to 50 m/s.
What is high velocity impact?
The high-velocity impact generates a high pressure on the impact point because of the deceleration of the impacting fluid. This high pressure may cause surface cracks or deformation. 2. After the collision with the surface, the liquid droplet flows outward in a radial direction, traveling at high speed.
What is the point of origin in forensics?
Area of Origin - The three-dimensional location from which blood spatter originated. Backspatter Pattern - A bloodstain pattern resulting from blood drops that traveled in the opposite direction of the external force applied; associated with an entrance wound created by a projectile.
Is it better to move fast or slow?
It’s easy to think that the more work we take on and the faster we do it, the more successful we will become. But in doing so, we are falsely equating speed with progress. Just because you are moving fast does not mean you are moving forward. Slow and steady progress in one direction is much more meaningful than erratic progression in eighteen different directions.
Should we aim for velocity?
In work, sports and everything in between, we should aim to maximize velocity over speed. If you are focused on your desired destination, you’ll get there eventually, regardless of how slowly you are traveling. This doesn’t mean that you can’t get where you want to go fast. It just means that you shouldn’t be keeping busy by doing the things that don’t matter.
How to describe the speed of an object?
The speed of an object refers to how fast an object is moving and is usually expressed as the distance traveled per time of travel. In the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. In equation form,
What is the behavior of waves at the end of a medium?
One behavior that waves undergo at the end of a medium is reflection. The wave will reflect or bounce off the person's hand.
What happens when a wave bounces off a person's hand?
The wave will reflect or bounce off the person's hand. When a wave undergoes reflection, it remains within the medium and merely reverses its direction of travel. In the case of a slinky wave, the disturbance can be seen traveling back to the original end.
What is the difference between a wave and a medium?
One theme of this unit has been that "a wave is a disturbance moving through a medium." There are two distinct objects in this phrase - the "wave" and the "medium." The medium could be water, air, or a slinky. These media are distinguished by their properties - the material they are made of and the physical properties of that material such as the density, the temperature, the elasticity, etc. Such physical properties describe the material itself, not the wave. On the other hand, waves are distinguished from each other by their properties - amplitude, wavelength, frequency, etc. These properties describe the wave, not the material through which the wave is moving. The lesson of the lab activity described above is that wave speed depends upon the medium through which the wave is moving. Only an alteration in the properties of the medium will cause a change in the speed.
Why is the speed of the waves in rows 6-8 different than the speed of the wave in rows 1-5?
The obvious cause of this difference is the alteration of the tension of the rope. The speed of the waves was significantly higher at higher tensions. Waves travel through tighter ropes at higher speeds.
How does a slinky wave travel?
A slinky wave that travels to the end of a slinky and back has doubled its distance. That is, by reflecting back to the original location, the wave has traveled a distance that is equal to twice the length of the slinky. Reflection phenomena are commonly observed with sound waves.
What happens when you double the frequency of a wave source?
Doubling the frequency of a wave source doubles the speed of the waves.
What is the fastest force that can travel down a stick?
Photons are light, so the fastest this force can be sent from neighbor to neighbor is the speed of light. Therefore, the fastest the force can travel down the stick is at the speed of light. (If the atoms aren't absorbing and emitting the photons perfectly and immediately, there might be delays in the force, so it might actually go slower than ...
How fast is Berillium?
Edit. In the metal Berillium sound's speed is even higher: 12,870 m/s.
How does light travel through matter?
Physically, there's always a tiny bit of light traveling through a material that "misses" interacting with the matter and passes through at the speed of light. (It goes through before the atoms get excited and start interacting to slow down the light). It's so tiny that in most situations it would be swamped out by noise in any detector you have to detect it. This is relevant in defining the speed that information can travel if carried by electromagnetic fields, since the information-carrying bit of a pulse seems to pass through media at the speed of light. Of course, in a real detector, you have to have a high enough signal-to-noise ratio, that you usually end up waiting until the slowed-down part of the wave arrives.
Is the force felt by the nearest atom perceptible?
Clearly, the force from the nearest atom (or even before that, the force felt by the nearest atom) will have a slight residual impact even at the furthest end of a long rod; but the bulk of the force will travel atom to atom, and so be very much slower.
Is force propergated at the speed of sound in the medium?
The force is of course propergated at the speed of sound in the medium.
Is force transmitted along a bar or wire as a shock wave?
There is a very good 'intermediate level' answer to the question and that is that force is transmitted along a bar or wire as a shock wave. The density and stiffness of the material govern the speed of the wave.
Is the speed of sound right for the bulk of the force?
The speed of sound is going to be right for the bulk of the force. This makes me wonder, though, if it's like light being transmitted through a medium: the bulk of the light travels at speed v=c/n where n is the refractive index, but a tiny portion of the light travels through exactly at speed c.
What is the speed of gravity?
In classical theories of gravitation, the changes in a gravitational field propagate. A change in the distribution of energy and momentum of matter results in subsequent alteration, at a distance, of the gravitational field which it produces. In the relativistic sense, the "speed of gravity" refers to the speed ...
How fast is gravity?
Kopeikin and Fomalont concluded that the speed of gravity is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the speed of light, which would be fully consistent with the theoretical prediction of general relativity that the speed of gravity is exactly the same as the speed of light.
Why did Stuart Samuel not measure the speed of gravity?
Stuart Samuel also showed that the experiment did not actually measure the speed of gravity because the effects were too small to have been measured . A response by Kopeikin and Fomalont challenges this opinion.
Why do two gravitoelectrically interacting particle ensembles feel a force toward the instantaneous position of?
Two gravitoelectrically interacting particle ensembles, e.g., two planets or stars moving at constant velocity with respect to each other, each feel a force toward the instantaneous position of the other body without a speed-of-light delay because Lorentz invariance demands that what a moving body in a static field sees and what a moving body that emits that field sees be symmetrical.
How is the speed of light related to the speed of gravitational waves?
The speed of gravitational waves in the general theory of relativity is equal to the speed of light in a vacuum, c. Within the theory of special relativity, the constant c is not only about light; instead it is the highest possible speed for any interaction in nature. Formally, c is a conversion factor for changing the unit of time to the unit of space. This makes it the only speed which does not depend either on the motion of an observer or a source of light and / or gravity. Thus, the speed of "light" is also the speed of gravitational waves, and further the speed of any massless particle. Such particles include the gluon (carrier of the strong force ), the photons that make up light (hence carrier of electromagnetic force ), and the hypothetical gravitons (which are the presumptive field particles associated with gravity; however, an understanding of the graviton, if any exist, requires an as-yet unavailable theory of quantum gravity ).
Which scientist discovered that the gravitational field can change with the speed of light?
However, in 1905 Poincaré calculated that changes in the gravitational field can propagate with the speed of light if it is presupposed that such a theory is based on the Lorentz transformation. He wrote: Laplace showed in effect that the propagation is either instantaneous or much faster than that of light.
When was the first attempt to combine a finite gravitational speed with Newton's theory?
The first attempt to combine a finite gravitational speed with Newton's theory was made by Laplace in 1805. Based on Newton's force law he considered a model in which the gravitational field is defined as a radiation field or fluid. Changes in the motion of the attracting body are transmitted by some sort of waves.
How fast does Mercury move?
Since planets in the Solar System are in nearly circular orbits their individual orbital velocities do not vary much. Being closest to the Sun and having the most eccentric orbit, Mercury's orbital speed varies from about 59 km/s at perihelion to 39 km/s at aphelion.
What is the mean orbital speed?
The term can be used to refer to either the mean orbital speed, i.e. the average speed over an entire orbit, or its instantaneous speed at a particular point in its orbit . Maximum (instantaneous) orbital speed occurs at periapsis (perigee, perihelion, etc.), while minimum speed for objects in closed orbits occurs at apoapsis (apogee, aphelion, ...
How fast is Halley's comet?
Halley's Comet on an eccentric orbit that reaches beyond Neptune will be moving 54.6 km/s when 0.586 AU (87,700 thousand km) from the Sun, 41.5 km/s when 1 AU from the Sun (passing Earth's orbit), and roughly 1 km/s at aphelion 35 AU (5.2 billion km) from the Sun. Objects passing Earth's orbit going faster than 42.1 km/s have achieved escape velocity and will be ejected from the Solar System if not slowed down by a gravitational interaction with a planet.
Why is the transverse orbital speed inversely proportional to the distance to the central body?
The transverse orbital speed is inversely proportional to the distance to the central body because of the law of conservation of angular momentum, or equivalently, Kepler 's second law.
Why does the body move slower near its apoapsis than near its periapsis?
This law implies that the body moves slower near its apoapsis than near its periapsis, because at the smaller distance along the arc it needs to move faster to cover the same area.
Is radial trajectories a two body system?
Radial trajectories. In the following, it is assumed that the system is a two-body system and the orbiting object has a negligible mass compared to the larger (central) object. In real-world orbital mechanics, it is the system's barycenter, not the larger object, which is at the focus.
Does mean orbital speed decrease with eccentricity?
The mean orbital speed decreases with eccentricity.
How fast can meteors travel?
I have seen the speed of meteors estimated to be anywhere from 11 km/s to 71 km/s. This post has shown where these numbers come from and they appear to be reasonable.
How fast is a comet moving?
The Wikipedia also mentions the peak velocity is 71 km/s, which is the speed of a comet-based meteor slamming heading on into an Earth that is moving at 29 km/s around the Sun.
How do comets move?
Comets orbit the Sun and the meteors generated by comets move at the velocity of a comet. These meteors really are orbiting the Sun and just happen to slam into the Earth. Figure 3 illustrates the calculation of their velocity.
What is the work performed on the meteor by the attracting body?
EMeteor is the work performed on the meteor by the attracting body.
What is the difference between a FMeteor and an EMeteor?
FMeteor is force of attraction on the meteor. We can use Equation 1 to derive Equation 2, which is the work (i.e. energy) performed on the meteor by the gravitational field of the attracting body. EMeteor is the work performed on the meteor by the attracting body.
