How to make your own biodiesel?
Step 1: Vegetable Oil Biodiesel
- Warm 100ml of oil (pick one) on a hot plate 50 degrees centigrade (10-15min)
- Use a mortar and pestle to ground sodium hydroxide pellets into a fine powder
- Measure out 0.35 grams of sodium hydroxide
- Use a graduated cylinder to measure 20ml of methanol
What is biodiesel, its benefits and how it is produced?
Biodiesel is produced by blending vegetable oils, grease, and animal wastes with a certain amount of alcohol. Benefits of Biodiesel. Biodiesel provides a clean-burning renewable fuel alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels. The key benefits of integrating biodiesel as a transportation fuel are listed below: Improved energy balance and ...
Why is methanol used in making biodiesel?
Why Use Methanol In The Production Of Biodiesel? Biodiesel production is primarily made up of ethanol and methanol. The physical and chemical advantages of methanol make it a preferred material. Moreover, it is quick to react with triglycerides and can be easily dissolved in NaOH [57].
How to make bio diesel?
- Heat your waste oil to 248°F (120°C) to remove any water. ...
- Filter your waste vegetable oil. ...
- Pour waste vegetable oil into the “processor”. ...
- Heat the oil to between 130 and 135°F (54 and 57°C).
- Do a test titration to see how much lye (caustic soda i.e. ...
- Mix the correct amount of lye and methanol in a separate container. ...
How is biodiesel fuel produced?
Fuel production from oil shales requires heating to convert the organic substance in oil shale, known as kerogen, into a liquid product known as shale oil. The oil shale can be mined using conventional methods and heated above ground using reactors known as retorts.
Which step is used in biodiesel synthesis?
Abstract. The preparation of biodiesel by three step transesterification three-step method consists of Saponification followed by acidification to produce KOME (Karanja Oil Methyl Ester)and finally esterification of KOME to produce biodiesel.
How do you convert oil to biodiesel?
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is produced by chemically reacting a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. In words, the reaction is: Oil + alcohol → biodiesel + glycerin.
Which plant is used to make biodiesel?
Jatropha curcas plantSeeds from the Jatropha curcas plant are used for the production of bio-fuel, a crucial part of India's plan to attain energy sustainability.
What is transesterification in biodiesel process?
Transesterification is a chemical reaction used for the conversion of triglycerides (fats) contained in oils, (Feedstocks) into usable biodiesel. Biodiesel produced by the process of transesterification has a much lower viscosity, making it capable of replacing petroleum diesel in diesel engines.
What is transesterification process?
Transesterification is the process in which fat or oil reacts with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. A catalyst is used to improve the reaction rate and yield. Because the reaction is reversible, excess alcohol is used to shift the equilibrium to the product side.
What can biodiesel be used for?
Biodiesel is a domestically produced, clean-burning, renewable substitute for petroleum diesel. Using biodiesel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, improves air quality and the environment, and provides safety benefits.
What are the components of biodiesel?
2. Biodiesel compositionCommon NameFormal NameMolecular FormulaStearic acidOctadecanoic acidC18H36O2Oleic acidcis-9-Octadecenoic acidC18H34O2Linoleic acidcis-9,12-Octadecadienoic acidC18H32O2Linolenic acidcis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acidC18H30O29 more rows
How much BTU is bio diesel?
lower energy content of the bio- diesel (121,000 Btu compared to 1 35,000 Btu for diesel fuel).
Who wrote the book on biodiesel and jatropha planitation?
2. e –book on biodiesel and jatropha planitation by satishlale.
How is carbon coated monolith prepared?
Carbon coated monolith was prepared by sucrose solution 65 wt.% via dip-coating method. Sulfonation of incomplete carbonized carbon coated monolith was carried out in order to synthesize solid acid catalyst. The textural structure characteristics of the solid acid catalyst demonstrated a low surface area and pore volume. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil refineries, was utilized as oil source in biodiesel production. The esterification reaction subjected to different reaction conditions was performed by using the sulfonated carbon coated monolith as heterogeneous catalyst. The sulfonation process had been performed by using vapour of concentrated H2SO4 that was much easier and efficient than liquid phase sulfonation. Total acidity value of carbon coated monolith was measured for unsulfonated sample (0.5 mmol/g) and sulfonated sample (4.2 mmol/g). The effect of methanol/oil ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time were examined. The maximum methyl ester content was 89% at the optimum condition, i.e. methanol/oil molar ratio (15:1), catalyst amount (2.5 wt.% with respect to PFAD), reaction time (240 min) and temperature 80 °C. The sugar catalyst supported on the honeycomb monolith showed comparable reactivity compared with the sugar catalyst powder. However, the catalyst reusability studies showed decrease in FFA% conversion from 95.3% to 68.8% after four cycles as well as the total acidity of catalyst dropped from the value 4.2 to 3.1 mmol/g during these cycles. This might be likely due to the leaching out of SO3H group from the sulfonated carbon coated monolith surface. The leaching of active species reached a plateau state after fourth cycle. © 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
What is PFAD in biodiesel?
Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil refineries, was utilized as oil source in biodiesel production. The esterification reaction subjected to different reaction conditions was performed by using the sulfonated carbon coated monolith as heterogeneous catalyst.
How long does it take to form a drop of diese l?
ground. More than a million year is required to form a single drop of diese l and it cannot be produced in laborat ory.
Is engine modifi cation required?
engine and in few cases engine modifi cation is required which is not at all desired.
Is brake thermal efficiency better than diesel?
results were not up to the mark. However brake thermal effi ciency was lesser than diesel, they lead to the problems
What is biodiesel made of?
Chemically, biodiesel is the mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAEs), most often methyl or ethyl esters (FAMEs and FAEEs, respectively) obtained by the alcoholysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) from vegetable oil and animal fats, or more precisely alcoholysis, with an alcohol (methanol or ethanol).
What is the purpose of the work on biodiesel?
This work aims, firstly, to eliminate one of the major pollutants olive residue and waste vegetable oils such residues have become a double necessity; ecological and economic, transforming them into value-added, namely biodiesel.
Why is CN higher in biodiesel?
The CN of biodiesel is higher because of its longer fatty acid carbon chains and the presence of saturation in molecules. Some of the important physico-chemical properties of methyl esters produced from different Olive– pomace oil resources and waste vegetable oils are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. Table 3.
Why are biofuels considered a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels?
Biofuels intended to replace the fuel from petroleum. They are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels because they are renewable and less toxic to the environment. This work aims, firstly, to eliminate one of the major pollutants olive residue and waste vegetable oils such residues have become a double necessity; ecological and economic, transforming them into value-added, namely biodiesel. And, secondly, to contribute to sustainable development by offering a renewable energy source meeting the energy issues of the day as the mastery of greenhouse gas emissions and preservation of non-renewable fossil resources.
Is biodiesel a good alternative to diesel?
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines which is defined as a fuel comprised of mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced by chemically reacting a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such as methanol. It is a non-toxic, biodegradable, relatively less inflammable fuel compared to the normal diesel.
Is vegetable oil good for road vehicles?
The use of reclaimed vegetable oil from restaurants, for use as a fuel for road vehicles, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Used vegetable oils contain solids and free fatty acids due to oil breakdown during the frying process.
Is biodiesel fuel safe?
Biodiesel fuel remains a safe, non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable that can be easily used in unmodified diesel engines and in various fuel-based applications. References Fachinger, J. (2006). Behavior of HTR fuel elements in aquatic phases of repository host rock formations. Nuclear Engineering & Design, 236, 54.
Abstract
In the present study biodiesel was synthesized from Waste Cook Oil (WCO) by three-step method and regressive analyzes of the process was done. The raw oil, containing 1.9wt% Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and viscosity was 47.6mm 2 /s. WCO was collected from local restaurant of Sylhet city in Bangladesh.
Cite this article
Uddin, M. Rakib, et al. "Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil." Chemical Engineering and Science 1.2 (2013): 22-26.
1. Introduction
Due to the predicted shortness of conventional fuels and environmental concerns, a search for alternative fuels has gained recent significant attention. As the calorific value of vegetable oils is comparable to that of diesel, they could be used as fuels in compression ignition engines [ 1].
4. Conclusion
Biodiesel was prepared from WCO by three-step method, in three-step method aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was used for saponification. The optimum molar ratio for saponification by aqueous sodium hydroxide was 1:2 oil to NaOH and reaction time was 2.0h at 100°C.
Abstract
A synergistic effect of the activated limestone-based catalyst (LBC) and microwave irradiation on the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) was screened using a two-level factorial design and response surface methodology.
1. Introduction
Diesel fuel plays an important role in Malaysia's industrial economy. Diesel fuels contents the hydrocarbons in the ranges of C12–C22, which is included of paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics compound.
2. Materials and methods
The analytical grade methanol (97.0%) and ethanol (99.9%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3. Results and discussion
Fig. 2 shows the surface morphology of the activated LBC which contains irregular porous feature after undergoing the KOH impregnation and calcination. Meanwhile, the non-activated limestone has a relatively smooth surface with minimal porous structure.
4. Conclusions
The purpose-built CMAR in this work is capable to convert WCO to biodiesel efficiently under the presence of activated LBC as catalyst. The optimum WCO conversion (97.15%) was found at 12.26:1 mol/mol of methanol to oil molar ratio, 58.46 min of reaction time and 5.36 wt% of catalyst loading using the Box Behnken design model.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Mohd Affandi Mohd Ali: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Software, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization, Investigation. Jolius Gimbun: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - original draft, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
How to make biodiesel from cooking oil?
3.1.1 Synthesis We began our biodiesel synthesis by warming about 20 mL of waste cooking oil to about 50C, whereupon we added 5 mL of 0.4 M NaOH in a methanol solution to act as an alcohol reagent. This mixture was stirred for about 45 minutes, then left by itself for a week to settle out into its consituent parts. We also repeated this synthesis using 8 mL of 0.33 M H
What are the properties of biofuels?
The two major biofuel properties we measured in this lab are heating value and ecotoxicity; the two major fuels we analyzed were ethanol and biodiesel. Biodiesel proved to be signi cantly less toxic than ethanol (the slope of concentration vs. germination rate is less negative), and also had a higher heating value (20:86 5:10 vs. 50:61 12:38, well above 95% con dence). For the last century or so, the dominant fuels have been gasoline and diesel fuel. Both fuels are created via the fractional distillation of crude petroleum. Biodiesel is created by the reaction of alcohols with lipids, and ethanol can be created by the fermentation of sugars. The most obvious di erence between biofuels and traditional fuels is their availability in the future; petrol byproducts are considered nonrenewable: there is a functionally nite quantity. Global oil production debatably hit ‘peak oil’ (after which it will only decline) in 2005[3], and estimates predict that world oil reserves will last from as late as 2030[4] to as soon as 2015[6]. As world supplies of oil dwindle, petroleum will become increasingly scarce, making the sustainability case for Team Biofuels. However, biofuels have their own problems. In the US, a large amount of ethanol is produced from corn, mostly due to huge subsidies to corn farmers in the Midwest; however, corn is massively inecient as a source for ethanol, especially compared to other plants like sugarcane[7]. These huge subsidies are largely responsible for the advances in ethanol ‘ ex-fuel’ and the ability for all modern cars to take E15. However, ethanol from crops creates direct competition with the world food production, and if implemented ineciently (such as with corn) can actually be worse for the environment than fossil fuels due to the ineciencies in the mass production of crops like corn. A proposed response to this would be increasing the amount of world farmland { which would cause deforestation, and impact greenhouse gas levels even further. A number that represents the eciency of fuel production techniques is also known as the energy balance. This value for ethanol can range from as low as 1.3Joulesoutput Jouleinputfor corn ethanol in the US to as high as 8 for sugarcane ethanol in Brazil[8]; experimental cellulosic ethanol can reach as high as 20. Biodiesel has an average value of about 2.5Joulesoutput Jouleinput, while fossil fuels produce a net loss, with diesel at about 0.83 and gasoline at 0.80. This shows that production of biofuels has the potential to be far more energy ecient than current fossil fuels. Studies have also shown that biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel are less harmful than counterpart fossil fuels when burned, producing fewer emissions and fewer carcinogenic compounds[9]. The major staying power of petroleum-based fuels, besides their existing infrastructure, is pure cost-value: A gallon of gasoline costs between $0.30 and $0.60, while an equivalent amount of ethanol is about $1.00. Petroleum diesel costs around$0:70 gal, while biodiesel costs almost $2.50 a gallon. 12
What concentration of biofuel is used for ecotoxicity assay?
For our ecotoxicity assay, we used serial dilution to create samples of biofuel of progressively halving concentration: 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, and .625%. We took these samples and added them to petri dishes containing 30 radish seeds and a sheet of lter paper apiece. After giving the seeds a week to 5
