How to calculate bunker capacity?
The bunker calculation is simple and needs the following: – Tank Sounding data and Tank Capacity Table. The Corrected Sounding means below is the sounding after correcting with vessel’s trim and list. – Temperature of Oil on Tanks,
What is bunker bunkering?
Bunkering is the process of receiving oil in the ship’s tank and making sure that there is no overflow during the process. What Is Bunker Fuel? Bunker fuel also known as the bunker is any fuel used for powering a ship.
When do we apply barge’s density during calculation of Bunker?
dear sir, normally we apply barge ‘s density during calculation of bunker on vessel’s nominated tanks after completion. but when and how we change the barge’s density if vessel’s nominated tank has some bunker prior to bunkering Soji March 13, 2013
What are the steps involved in bunkering?
The ship must be ready for any fuel transfer before the actual bunkering process. All associated tanks and pipes should be lined up, sounded and prepared. No smoke and warning signs be placed, ship personnel to be briefed, code B Red flag be hosted or red light be turned on during night.
How is bunker calculated on a ship?
Mass = Volume x Density It is to be noted that in the above formula, the density and volume of bunker fuel should be known at the same temperature. After receiving the bunker, take sounding/ullage of all the bunker tanks using sounding tape and note down the tank temperature.
How do you calculate fuel oil?
Measuring and Reporting Fuel Oil Consumption The formula (Corrected Density = Density at 150C X [1 – {(fuel temp (0C) – 150C) X 0.00065}]) should be used to obtain the corrected density at the recorded fuel temperature. A calculation table has been provided for this purpose in the excel worksheet.
What is WCF in bunker calculation?
And when we multiply the volume at observed temperature with VCF, we get the standard volume, this time the volume at 60 Deg F. We need to apply Weight correction factor (WCF) to the standard volume to get the weight of the cargo. There are different ASTM tables to get the WCF for the known API at 60 Deg F.
What are bunkering costs?
When quoting shipping rates, carriers will add in this surcharge to the base freight. A bunker surcharge, also known as bunker adjustment factor (BAF), is the charge shipper's incur to compensate for fluctuating fuel prices and is typically in addition to other surcharges and fees added to the freight costs.
What is the formula to calculate fuel?
The following formula is used to calculate fuel consumption in litres / 100kms, the most commonly used measure of fuel consumption. (Litres used X 100) ÷ km travelled = Litres per 100km.
What is fuel formula?
Commonly a liquid fuel is treated as a single hydrocarbon with an empirical formula CxHy even though it is a mixture of several hydro carbons. 3. Gaseous fuels: Natural gas (mainly Methane), coal gas (a mixture of methane and Hydrogen) etc.
What is VCF in bunker calculation?
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities.
How is VCF calculated?
As required by the VCF Act, your final award will be calculated using this basic formula: Non-Economic Loss plus Economic Loss, minus Collateral Offsets.
What is MGO in bunker?
Marine Gas Oil is a green colored distillate. Marine Gas Oil is used as fuel in marine diesel engines.
How much does a bunker cost per day?
While registered as either a CEO, VIP, or MC president, owning a bunker will incur a standard daily fee of $2,000. A fully upgraded bunker, done through Disruption Logistics, will cost $4,500 daily.
How much does a 4 person bunker cost?
Building a survival bunker is a smart thing any prepper should consider in 2022. Depending on size and specifications, an extended stay underground survival bunker will cost you between $39,000 and $65,000, on average.
What are the 3 stages of bunkering procedure on a ship?
Bunkering Operation ProcedurePreparation– Preparing for the bunkering operation which will involve the readiness of bunkering equipment, storage tanks and bunkering safety.Perform– Performing the bunkering operation in real time as per the pre-decided procedure and receiving the marine fuel according to the bunker plan.More items...•
How do you calculate heating oil usage?
Multiply the hours of burner operation by the gallons per hour to find out the gallons per day your furnace will use. For instance, if your oil burner uses 1.7 gallons per operating hour and it runs for 13 hours per day, it will burn 22 gallons per day.
What is oil formula?
Its chemical formula, C8H18, reflects the fact that each of the carbons is covalently bonded to one or two of the other carbon atoms and two to three hydrogen atoms.
How do you calculate oil percentage?
When checking the oil level, many dipsticks have lines to show if the oil levels are low and need to be topped off. Also when using the dipstick, you can check the oil color. If the oil is smooth and a lighter color, it shouldn't be changed.
How do I calculate oil to Litres?
Do you know that 1 KG of oil is equal to 1.1 Litre of Oil?Litre is the unit of Volume. ... Density of oil is less than that of water that's why oil floats in the water. ... Density of water = 1 kg / Litre, so density of oil = 0.9 kg / Litre.It means, 0.9 kg oil = 1 Litre oil and 1 Kilo Gram of oil = (1/0.9) Litre = 1.1 Litre.
What is bunkering plan?
The plan makes sure that the mixing up of oil is avoided as much as possible to maintain the draft and proper trim of the ship. The bunker plan made by the chief is discussed, and in some scenarios, a copy of it is also sent to the owner for approval before initiating the bunkering process.
What is the process of a ship to ship bunkering?
1) Ship to Ship Bunkering. This is the process where two ships align themselves side by, and then the oil is transferred from one vessel to the other. Here one ship acts as the terminal while the other moors. It is the most common bunkering process at sea.
What Is Bunker Fuel?
Bunker fuel also known as the bunker is any fuel used for powering a ship.
What is the Inching method?
As the other tanks are filling up open the tank valve for like 5 minutes and then close it. Check the rise in cm and based on this open it again, this time for 10 minutes. This is how you can get to 90% of the tank level. However, I would strongly advise you to not go beyond that.
Why is bunker fuel used?
It is used by big land-based plants as well as large ships for their propulsion and auxiliary engines. Since it is cheap, it lowers the expenditure for companies dealing with commercial shipping. Bunker fuel in itself might be cheap. But they are heavy, thick, and consequently storing them becomes a challenge.
What happens if you are in good terms with the Bosun of the Ship?
If you are in good terms with the bosun of the ship, then you are lucky because you will not be required to bother the chief or the duty officer as the bosun will be able to help you through most of the process.
Do commercial ships have bunkering barges?
Quite a number of commercial ships depend upon this method. The major sea routes have many points where there are bunkering barges providing bunkering facilities. The advantages of this method are as follows.
What does bunkering mean?
Meaning they require fuel ( bunker) to operate the engine. Bunker has been an expensive product, is required an adequate observation during receiving and supplying. Bunkering operation is being handled by the chief engineer, whom deputy could be the fourth engineer or 3rd engineer.
What temperature is bunker delivery?
Since most bunker delivery note of MGO has already stated correction temperature as 15° C , most engineers jump in directly to calculate the bunker quantity in weight ( MT) using:
Does a bunker barge care about surveyors?
With all of the above calculations using provided data, it’s very common that the bunker barge who supplies the fuel oil will not care for any surveyor to manipulate figures. Meaning you will be receiving very less product but sign completed.
Can you change bunker numbers?
With the help of a computer program , you can now change figures and parameters , then achieve your overall bunker value or quantity.
Can you manipulate figures in lube oil bunkering?
Lube oil bunkering. The same tricks for fuel oil apply to lube oil. But most a times it’s difficult to manipulate figures during lube oil bunkering. But in the case where the supplier understands the knowledge of the receiver, they can also get to manipulate figures.
Bunkering Oil
Earlier we learned about the bunkering and what is means. Now we will study the process of actual bunkering operations and the practical details of the process of bunkering oil. All types of ships needs fuel oil, lube oil, etc. and hence it is important for everyone to understand the actual process of bunkering, so here we go.
Pre-bunkering preparations
The most important aspect of bunkering operation are the “checklists”, which form a part of company’s safety management system (SMS) and I.S.M.,eliminating the possibility and negligence of human and other operational errors.
Image Credits
Automated Bunker Procurement Flowchart: Calsoft Enterprise Solutions, USA
SOPEP equipments
At the bunker manifold and wherever necessary, as per the ships SOPEP plan, the SOPEP equipments should be kept in immediate readiness in order to avoid oil spill/pollution during bunkering operation.
After Bunkering Procedures
On completion of the bunkering operations, with the ship-barge co-ordination, the line should be blown with air to make sure the line is not filled with oil. The after-bunker checklist is followed.
Quantity Calculation & Temperature-Density Correction
After bunkering of various fuel oil tanks, the quantity in each bunkered tank must be calculated to cross-check whether the received quantity of oil matches the requisition. For calculating the quantity, “sounding” of the tanks which are “bunkered” must be taken. The “Density” of the fuel oil supplied vary from place to place.
Safeties
Bunker line over-flow arrangements to overflow tank with audible & visual alarm,
Question
How the total bunker consumption and cost of a voyage calculation calculated?
Answer
Calculating the total bunker consumption and cost consists of several parts. Use the calculation rules to check the calculation of bunkers consumption and cost:
What is bunkering operation?
The delivery of oil supplies to the ship in the form of fuel and lube oil is refereed to as bunkering. And the process of transferring oil supplies to the ship is termed as bunkering operation.
What is the most serious problem associated with bunkering?
Oil spills are one of the most serious problem associated with bunkering. Any accidental oil spill during the process leads to heavy fine on the company and damage to the environment. The major source of oil spill are either collision between the receiving and supplying vessel followed by spill due to overflow.
Why do ships bunker in stern line?
It is the only way a ship can bunker at UN-steady sea; due to very high risk and chance of damage to ships due to collision with one another. In stern line bunkering both ships approach each other slowly.
What is bunker fuel?
Since originally coal was the fuel for the ship, the term bunker has became synonymy with fuel therefore term bunker / bunker fuel is simply marine fuel oil used in ships. A bunker fuel is the residual fuel oil left over from the refining process of crude oil. It is consumed by both large land based plants and large ships for its propulsion ...
What is ship to ship bunkering?
A ship to ship bunkering bunkering is a process of transferring fuel oil in which two adjacent ship positioned alongside to each other supply fuel oil from one to another. It is the most common type of bunkering procedure at sea; where one ship acts as a terminal while the other moors.
What must be ensured before the actual transfer of bunker fuel?
It must be ensured before the actual transfer of bunker fuel; that all the associated individuals are adequately prepared and been allocated to their designated jobs. One individual from the team must be given single most important job to provide safe access / passage to and from the barge.
Where to put watch schedule for bunkering?
Tanks and pipelines used to be prepared before the actual transfer of the bunker fuel. Watch schedule be put at the manifold at deck to monitor accidental oil spill and at the control room. local rules and the time of bunkering must be discussed with all during the pre-bunkering meeting.
What Is Bunker Fuel?
Types of Bunker Fuel
Grades of Bunker Fuel
How Bunker Fuel Is Needed by A Ship?
Bunkering Operations at Sea
Types of Bunkering
- 1) Ship to Ship Bunkering
This is the process where two ships align themselves side by, and then the oil is transferred from one vessel to the other. Here one ship acts as the terminal while the other moors. It is the most common bunkering process at sea. In this operation, the ship receiving the fuel is called the dau… - 2) Stern Line Bunkering
This is an easier process. Here the two ships keep a distance of 100-250 meters as the towing lines are secured. Then they start moving at a speed of 2 nautical miles and simultaneously long pipes of length 200 meters transfer fuel from one vessel to the other. This method is quite usefu…
Bunker Terminologies
The Bunkering Process
Risks Associated with Bunker Fuel
Few Things to Keep in Mind During The Bunkering Process