Estimated recovery value (ERV) is the projected value of an asset that can be recovered in the event of liquidation or winding down. The estimated recovery value (ERV) is calculated as the recovery rate times the book value of the asset.
Full Answer
How to calculate inspiratory reserve volume?
these include the following:
- Asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive pulmonary disease
- COPD- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
How do you calculate expiratory reserve volume?
- Tidal volume. The amount of air you typically breathe into your lungs when at rest and not exerting yourself. ...
- Inspiratory reserve volume. The amount of extra air inhaled — above tidal volume — during a forceful breath in. ...
- Vital capacity. The total usable volume of the lungs that you can control. ...
- Total lung capacity. ...
How to calculate residual volume?
Residual volume – represents the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration and is more complex to determine, being measured indirectly. Average value is around 1.2 L for males and 1.1 L for females. Functional residual capacity = Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume. In short: FRC = ERV + RV
How is inspiratory capacity calculated?
- Inspiratory lung volume.
- Expiratory lung volume
- Tidal volume
- Residual volume
How to calculate VC?
It is calculated by summing tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. VC = TV+IRV+ERV. It is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation. It is calculated by adding together residual and expiratory reserve volumes.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Medical Definition of expiratory reserve volume : the additional amount of air that can be expired from the lungs by determined effort after normal expiration — compare inspiratory reserve volume.
What happens to expiratory reserve volume with exercise?
One may also ask, what happens to expiratory reserve volume with exercise? The amount of air you breathe in is your tidal volume. You can tap into this reserve volume when you exercise and your tidal volume increases. To sum up: Your expiratory reserve volume is the amount of extra air — above anormal breath — exhaled during a forceful breath out.
What does EC mean in air?
Expiratory Capacity (EC) Total volume of air a person can expire aftera normal inspiration. This includes tidal volume and expiratory reservevolume (TV+ERV).
What is an ERV?
ERV is used for estimating several property investment performance measures . First, it provides the basis for the estimation of the reversionary income, which according to European Association for Investors in Non-Listed Real Estate Vehicles (INREV), is the estimated increase in rental income at the next review or renewal.
How to report vacancy rate in INREV?
In particular, it is recommended that the vacancy of an income-producing property is reported as a percentage of rental income by dividing the ERV of the vacant floor space with the sum of the passing rent and the ERV of vacant floor space.
What is an estimated rental value?
In an under-supplied market, in which demand exceeds supply, vacancy rate is decreasing and rents are rising, the estimated rental value may exceed the passing rent, that is, the contract rent paid by the tenant. This of course will depend on when lease contracts were signed by the existing tenants of the property and what market conditions and rent levels were prevailing at that time. Note that the estimated rental value applies to new leases that are signed at the time of the ERV estimate. Thus, ERV applies to property’s vacant space that is leased at the time of the estimate, and leases that are coming up for rent review.
What is the equivalent yield?
Finally, it is used for the estimation of the equivalent yield, which is defined as the internal rate of return that the property would achieve assuming that rental income rises to the estimated rental value at the next review without any further growth.
What is an ERV system?
And before that, we have to talk about what “sizing” means in the context of ERVs. An ERV is one of many devices that ventilates by bringing outdoor air into a house. Because it has balanced supply and exhaust airflows and because it recovers heat (ERV and HRV) and moisture (ERV), it also happens to be the most efficient type of ventilation system for homes. When we talk about sizing any type of ventilation system, the relevant quantity is the airflow rate. That’s it. How much air are you going to move through the system?
Why use an ERV with a boost mode?
Reason number two to choose an ERV larger than your continuous ventilation rate is so that you can boost it to a higher rate. If you’re setting up the ERV to exhaust from bathrooms and a kitchen, you’ll need one with a boost mode. Likewise, if you’re having a party or have a sick person at home, boost gives you more fresh air when you need it. And that means you need an ERV with a capacity higher than your continuous ventilation rate. You can’t boost when you’re already running flat out on the highest speed.
How much ventilation does a 3,000 square foot house need?
Using those two formulas, we can calculate that a 3,000-square-foot house with three bedrooms would need 60 cfm under the IRC rule and 120 cfm using ASHRAE 62.2. Another way to look at the ventilation rate would be in terms of airflow per person. With the four hypothetical people in this house, the IRC calls for 15 cfm per person; ASHRAE 62.2 for 30 cfm per person. For reference, recommended ventilation rates have historically ranged from a low of 4 cfm to as much as 60 cfm per person.
How much ventilation do I need for a house?
Both use formulas based on the conditioned floor area of the house and the number of bedrooms. The IRC says you need 1 cfm for each 100 square feet of conditioned floor area plus 7.5 cfm per person, with the number of people defined as the number of bedrooms plus one. The current version of ASHRAE 62.2 uses the same format with one change: It uses 3 cfm per 100 square feet of floor area. ASHRAE 62.2 lets you take credit for infiltration and use a lower ventilation rate if the house gets a blower door test, but let’s ignore that for this discussion. In tight houses, the ventilation credit is small, and I’m going to recommend going higher anyway.
What is the recommended ventilation rate for a house?
For our example house, we can find that the historical range of recommended ventilation rates is 0.04 ACH (4 cfm per person) to 0.53 ACH (60 cfm per person). The rate of 0.35 ACH is often mentioned in ventilation discussions as a minimum, and some ventilation designers use that as their go-to rate for continuous ventilation. On the high end, 0.5 ACH is about the limit of what’s practical. These rates are summarized in the table below.
How much cfm is a continuous ventilation?
By looking at minimum requirements in codes and standards and available ERV capacities, we chose a continuous ventilation rate of 0.35 ACH, or 160 cf m, for our example house. Once we have an ERV that can give us the continuous ventilation we want, we can always turn it down if we decide it’s too much. The good thing about turning it down is that fans are more efficient when they run at lower speed.
Who owns Energy Vanguard?
Allison A. Bailes III , Ph.D., author of the Energy Vanguard blog (a must-read for the energy-minded) owns Energy Vanguard, a residential building science firm in Decatur, Ga., that does HVAC design across North America.
What is FRC volume?
FRC volume is the result of the balance of forces between the lung and the rib cage. It can be affected by an individual’s breathing pattern and tends to vary slightly over time. This is normal and strictly speaking changes in FRC should not affect TLC or RV, but will instead primarily affect IC and ERV.
Does using the lowest RV make a difference?
At the moment I have no evidence that using the lowest RV rather than averaging ERV results leads to a more accurate TLC and in most instances this probably wouldn’t make a significant clinical difference. In this particular case however, the minor differences in TLC straddled the normal cutoff and it does make a difference.
Is RV the lowest value of lung volume?
I think that since RV is the amount of air left in the lung after a maximal exhalation the lowest value measured in any lung volume test effort could be considered the most accurate value. If this premise is accepted then when lung volume tests are averaged the lowest value of RV and the highest value of SVC should be used to calculate TLC. If this approach was taken, then for this example at least there wouldn’t have been a significant difference between test efforts and reported results. That doesn’t make it the correct approach, however.
Is spirometry and diffusing capacity hard?
I used to think that spirometry and diffusion capacity tests were hard and that lung volumes were easy. That may have been true in terms of getting patients to do the tests but I’ve long since come to the conclusion that it is easier to assess the quality of spirometry and diffusing capacity tests and know whether you have reasonably accurate results than it is to do this for lung volumes regardless of which lung volume measurement technique you use.
Can you perform the IC port of the SVC maneuver correctly?
My general experience is that patients can usually perform the IC port of the SVC maneuver correctly almost every time. ERV on the other hand is the effort-dependent part of the SVC and depends on how much the patient is willing or able to push themselves. In this case a not-so-good ERV from the first effort was averaged with a significantly better ERV from the second effort. This blunted the quality of the reported ERV measurement and then when the largest SVC effort was added to it, it actually produced a higher reported TLC than in the test efforts it was averaged from.
Is lung volume measurement accurate?
The accuracy of any single lung volume measurement test is always suspect. This is why reproducibility is so important and why test efforts are averaged. The reported TLC is affected not only by the quality of the FRC and SVC measurements but also by the quality of the ERV measurement. Different assumptions in the averaging process will produce different TLC and RV measurements from the same set of test efforts. The problem is that assumptions are just that, assumptions.
How is heat transferred in a cross flow heat exchanger?
In a cross flow heat exchanger - heat is transferred directly from the outlet air to the make-up air through the separating walls in the heat exchanger.
How does a rotating heat exchanger work?
In a rotating heat exchanger - outlet air heats (or cools) the exchanger when the wheel passes through the outlet air flow. The energy is transferred to the make-up air when the wheel passes through the make-up air. Both sensible and latent heat may be transferred.
How is heat transferred in an air-fluid-air heat recovery unit?
In an air-fluid-air heat recovery unit - heat is transferred in an heat exchanger from the outlet air to a circulating fluid. The fluid is circulated to a heat exchanger in the make-up air where the heat is transferred to the supply air.
How much energy does a heat pump use?
The energy consumption is approximately 1/3 to 1/5 of the recovered energy. Both sensible and latent heat may be transferred.
What is used in return air recovery?
In a return air recovery unit - used air is mixed into the make-up or supply air. Energy in outlet air is supplied directly into the make-up air. Both sensible and latent (moisture) heat is transferred.
Can heat and moisture recovery be visualized in psychrometric chart?
The heating process with heat and moisture recovery can alternatively be visualized in a psychrometric chart as
