How do you spell laterite?
- a reddish ferruginous soil formed in tropical regions by the decomposition of the underlying rocks.
- a similar soil formed of materials deposited by water.
- any soil produced by the decomposition of the rocks beneath it.
What is laterite soil?
Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content.
What are the characteristics of laterite?
Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock.
Where was laterite first discovered?
Monument of laterite brickstones at Angadipuram, Kerala, India, which commemorates where laterite was first described and discussed by Buchanan-Hamilton in 1807. Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
Where does the process of laterization in soil occur?
The process laterization in soil occurs in the region where the atmospheric temperature is very with very high annual rain fall. During high temperature, the sillicon particles detaches from the soil aggregate.
How is laterite soil formed Class 10?
Main reason of laterite soils formation is due to intense leaching. Leaching happens due to high tropical rains and high temperature. As a result of high rainfall, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind.
What is laterite and how is it formed?
The term laterite means a red rock or red earth deposit. Laterites are formed by the decomposition of different kind of rocks, under conditions yielding aluminum and iron hydroxides.
How laterite soil is laterite soil formed Class 11?
It is formed by the weathering of Soil or due to intense leaching during the periods of heavy rainfall. All the soluble materials are removed and a hard stony layer remains.
What is laterite soil Short answer?
Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red colouration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock.
What is laterite soil made of?
Laterite soil is rich in aluminum and iron, formed in wet and hot tropical areas. Almost all laterites are rusty red due to the presence of iron oxides. It is prepared by the long-lasting and intensive weathering of the parent rock.
Why laterite soil is red in colour?
(iii) Laterite is both a type of soil and a type of rock rich in iron and aluminium and is widely known to have formed in tropical hot and wet areas. Owing to the high iron oxide content, almost all laterites have a rusty-red coloration.
How is laterite soil formed where is it found in India?
The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains. They are usually found covering the flat uplands and are spread in western coastal region receiving very high rainfall. This poor soil is also found in some parts of Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Chhottanagpur plateau and Meghalaya.
Why are they called laterite?
He named it laterite from the Latin word later, which means a brick; this highly compacted and cemented soil can easily be cut into brick-shaped blocks for building. The word laterite has been used for variably cemented, sesquioxide-rich soil horizons.
How laterite stone is formed?
Some bauxite deposits are associated with limestones and karst phenomena. Lateritic bauxite is a weathering product of aluminous silicate rocks (granite and similar). Laterite is foremostly a type of earthy soil, but it hardens into solid rock in air and is therefore suitable as a construction material.
Where laterite soil is found?
Laterite soils are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
What is the other name of laterite soil?
Another name for residual soil is laterite soil. The main cause behind weathering in residual soils is chemicals (Fig. 1.5).
What is the local name of laterite soil?
Answer. the other name of laterite soil is red laterite soil.
How laterite stone is formed?
Laterites are formed from the leaching of parent sedimentary rocks (sandstones, clays, limestones); metamorphic rocks (schists, gneisses, migmatites); igneous rocks (granites, basalts, gabbros, peridotites); and mineralized proto-ores; which leaves the more insoluble ions, predominantly iron and aluminum.
Why are they called laterite?
The term laterite is derived from Latin word 'Later' which means brick. The laterite soil is rich in aluminum and iron as well as this cemented soil can be easily cut into the bricks. This is why the laterite soil is called laterite.
What is a laterite in geology?
laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions. It forms in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is humid.
Where is laterite found?
Laterite can be found under the surface of every Planet. Scrap, up to 8 Laterite for 8 Scrap.
Where is laterite found?
For example, lateritic soil, a residual soil, the predominant clay mineral of which is kaolinite, is generally inactive, nonexpanding and it has low hydraulic conductivity values. It is widely distributed throughout the world but occurs more frequently in the tropics and subtropics of Africa, Australia, India, South-east Asia, and South America ( Maigien, 1966 ). The global distribution of laterite and associated materials is broadly governed by world climatic zones. Lateritic formations require conditions of temperature and rainfall similar to those of the humid tropical and subtropical zones. There are other factors such as local variations in climate and geology, as well as in geomorphology, associated with the weathering and soil development stages of landscape formation, which govern the type of laterite to be found, whether as indurated hardpan laterite, nodular laterite, or some other form ( Gidigasu, 1975 ).
What is a laterite?
It refers to a highly weathered natural material with high concentration of hydrated oxides of iron or aluminium, as a consequence of residual accumulation or absolute enrichment, by solution, movement and chemical precipitation of aluminium, iron and manganese. The accumulated hydrated oxides may be present as the only constituent of an unhardened soil or a hardened layer. They can also be the main constituent of concretionary nodules in a soil matrix or of a cemented matrix enclosing other materials. Laterites are thus the product of secondary physico-chemical processes and not of the normal primary sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous processes. One exception is the deposition of reworked lateritic material in valleys.
What is the soil of India?
Indian soil is among the most wide-ranging component in the geography of India. The inhabitants of India largely count on the soil of the country for their survival. Soil is but a layer of decaying organic matter and broken rock particles on the earth surface, which is necessary for plant growth. Soil bears all vital nutrients that help in the development and growth of trees and plants. Soils are of different types, and each of them differs in their texture and nature. Several powers of nature, like running water and wind and alteration of temperature, add to the development of soil. Organic and chemical alterations taking place within the soil layer are likewise very essential. The soil may be economized by superior agricultural practices, reducing persistence of grazing and afforestation. Indian soils are mainly divided into four broad groups. These Indian soil types consist of alluvial soil, red soil, regur soil or black soil, and laterite soil.
What are laterites classified as?
Laterites have been classified according to position in the landscape, morphology, chemistry and mineralogy. A ternary mineralogical diagram with an iron-axis (hematite, goethite), an aluminium-axis (gibbsite, boehmite, diaspore) and a clay-axis (mainly kaolinite) has been commonly used (Bárdossy & Aleva, 1990; Aleva, 1994 ). This diagram has ferrite, bauxite and kaolinite as end-members and ferruginous laterite, bauxitic laterite and kaolinitic bauxite as intermediate phases.
What is residual soil?
1.2.5 Residual soil (weathered in situ soil) Residual soils form when soil or rock, weather at the same location due to chemicals, water, and other environmental elements, without being transported. Another name for residual soil is laterite soil.
How is alluvial soil formed?
Alluvial soils are formed by accumulated sediments transferred by the rivers and rapids; thus, it is among the most fertile soils. They generally lack humus and nitrogen and loaded with potassium. They form around the lower courses of most rivers and particularly all over the Indo-Gangetic plains. This soil covers an area of 1.5 lakh km 2 in India and mainly contributes in the development of agriculture.
Where is mountain soil found?
Mountain soils are mostly found in the Himalayan regions, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Kashmir and also in the peninsula, the Eastern Ghats, and the summits of Sahyadri.
What is laterite soil?
Laterite soil is reddish to yellow in color with a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, and magnesia with 90–100% of iron, aluminum, titanium, and manganese oxides. The word laterite has been derived from the Latin word that means brick. The laterite soil is formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods, which leads to leaching of soil, leaving only oxides of iron and aluminum. It lacks fertility due to a lower base-exchanging capacity and a lower content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, proper irrigation and use of fertilizers make it suitable for growing crops, such as tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut, etc. It also supports growth of paddy (rice) in low-lying areas. Laterite soil is one of the valuable sources for building material, as it can be easily cut with a spade but hardens like iron when exposed to air. In India, laterite soil is widespread, covering over 10% of the total geographical area, namely on the summits of the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats (Rajamahal Hills, Vindhyas, Satpuras, and Malwa Plateau), southern parts of Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal Orissa, Jharkhand, Kerala, Assam, and Meghalaya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterite ).
What type of soil is used for ginger?
Alluvial soils and drained paddy fields or well-drained marshy areas can also be utilized for ginger cultivation as is commonly practiced in China, Taiwan, and Japan ( Weiss, 1997 ). Deep soils with rich organic matter content and nutrient availability are more suitable for ginger cultivation ( Cho et al., 1987 ).
What type of soil is used for arecanut palms?
A wide spread of soils are used to grow the arecanut palm. The largest area under the crop, however, is in the gravelly laterite soils of red clay in northern Kerala and coastal belt of Karnataka state (Nambiar, 1949 ). The deep-black, fertile, clay-like loams of the plains of Karnataka State are very suitable for the crop. Sandy, alluvial, brackish, or calcareous and sticky clay soils are unsuitable.
What soil pH is used for lemongrass?
Soils of pH 5.5 to 7.5 are utilized. C. citratus is more commonly grown on soils with higher acidity than C. flexuosus. In India, the highest herb and oil yields per hectare of C. flexuosus are obtained in soils of pH 7.5. Lemongrass will grow and produce average herbage and oil yields on highly saline soils.
What soils do ocimums need?
4.3.1 Soil and climate requirements. Ocimum species thrive well in a variety of soils and climatic conditions. Soils suitable for cultivation are rich loam to poor laterite, and saline and alkaline to moderately acidic. Well-drained soil helps to encourage improved vegetative growth.
What type of soil does lemongrass grow in?
Lemongrass flourishes in a wide variety of soil ranging from rich loam to poor laterite. In sandy loam and red soils, it requires good manuring. Calcareous and water-logged soils are unsuitable for its cultivation (Farooqi and Sreeramu, 2001 ).
How does drought affect coconut palms?
Coconut palm is influenced both by atmospheric and soil droughts, as the palms are mainly cultivated on the coastal sandy, red sandy loam and laterite soils. Under rainfed conditions, a prolonged dry spell extending from 3 to 6 months affects the palm. On the basis of the weekly water deficiency (WD) and weekly water need (WN), Rao (1985) worked out the ‘aridity index’ (Ia) for assessing drought, where Ia = WD/WN × 100. An aridity index of 100% for a prolonged period of 5–10 weeks drastically affects productivity of coconut palms. When exposed to such severe moisture stress, coconut palms exhibit adverse effects such as bending and breaking of dry leaves, poor spathe development and almost empty bunches. Kasturi Bai et al. (2001) reported the extent of variation in physiological characters among the parents and hybrids at the nursery stage, which are useful in selecting and utilising the drought-tolerant progenies. In Sri Lanka, the drought-tolerant Tall × Tall palms were selected based on the mean yield and genotypic adaptation to changes in climate over a 15-year period. Characterisation of drought in different coconut-growing areas of India falling under different agro-climatic zones revealed that the dry spell length and intensity of stress adversely affect the coconut and consequently nut yield ( Naresh Kumar et al., 2003 ). In this study, high adverse effect of length of dry spell on nut yield was noticed for up to four years, with more impact during the fourth year.
What is a laterite rock?
Laterite is a soil type and also the name of a type of rock. Laterite soils are those that develop in or under tropical and sub tropical zones. They are highly weathered soils, they are usually red or rusty colored soils, and have high levels of iron and/or aluminum in the soil. These soils are not usually found in temperate areas. They are more likely found on lands that are in the tropical zones.
What is the color of lateritic soil?
lateritic soils are formed by decomposition of rocks,removal of silica and accumulation of iron oxides and aluminium oxides. they have red/pink colour due to iron oxides.
How does soil affect plants?
Plants rely on 13 mineral nutrients found in soil to survive and grow; therefore, the type of soil used for a plant directly affects its growth. If there are not enough nutrients in the soil for a plant to grow, it dies. This is why people fertilize soil by adding nutrients. So laterite soil will surely affect the plant growth .
What crops grow well in laterite soil?
Soil suitability for crop pdn. Tea, coffee, cashew, rubber and coconut grow well in laterite soil
What is the name of the soil that is hard when dry and hard when dry?
Laterite (from latin: later=brick) is a reddish clayey soil, hard when dry, forming the topsoil in many inter-tropical regions. It is the result of the chemical weathering of the soils over millions of years.
Where does laterization occur?
The process laterization in soil occurs in the region where the atmospheric temperature is very with very high annual rain fall. During high temperature, the sillicon particles detaches from the soil aggregate. During heavy rainfall, it illuviates into lower layers leaving only iron and aluminium in the upper layer and this upper layer gives honey comb structure. ie., porous nature. The pore is the space, where the removed silicon particles existed. The degree of laterization is estimated by calculating the the ratio of silicon to sesqu
What is the red clay soil?
Lateritic soil is a tropical soil, that has been highly leached of its soluble components, leaving a red yellow clay. The red clays of Alabama and the Caribbean and other tropical areas prone to high rain fall are considered laterite soils.
How is lateritic soil weathered?
That is, they typically form through slow chemical weathering, which means it can take millions of years to produce even one metre of soil.
What is the problem with the laterite tale?
Another problem with the ‘orthodox’ laterite tale is the geographical distribution of Oxisols and Ultisols. Many are (or were, in the case of bauxitic and lateritic paleosols according to the evolutionary framework) located in climates not conducive to the conventional story of their formation. 12 Note that this is also the case for many Ultisols in south-eastern Australia. In this case, many investigators propose that these soils were either deposited from elsewhere or developed from already-weathered bedrock.
What is the literature on soils?
The recent literature on soils provides some potential solutions for the formation of Ultisols and Oxisols within a Genesis Flood framework . Although more work clearly needs to be done on this, the general direction of some of the more recent literature on laterite and bauxite formation is encouraging. It appears to provide some useful ideas that can not only help us refute the ‘orthodox’ speculations of long-agers about these types of soils, but suggest avenues for providing biblical explanations of these rather enigmatic formations.
How did ultisols and oxysols form?
As for the Ultisols and Oxisols as soils—their formation probably depends more on the initial post-Flood state of their parent material than on the climate for their formation. This parent material was likely chemically altered during the Flood, possibly by hydrothermal solutions. Moreover, climates were probably wetter just after the Flood, with lots of residual organic matter and water still at or near the surface, so soil-forming mechanisms probably operated much faster then than now. 16
Is there a relationship between soil parent material and subjacent regolith?
Indeed, in many cases there may be little relationship between the soil parent material and the subjacent regolith. Klevberg and Bandy note:
Who wrote the postdiluvial soil formation and the question of time?
Klevberg, P. and Bandy, R. , Postdiluvial soil formation and the question of time part II— time, CRSQ 40 (2):99–116, 2003. Return to text.
Do laterites fit in situ weathering?
This is one of many signs in the recent literature that researchers are looking for alternative (typically more catastrophic, or at least more conducive to catastrophic formation) ways to explain laterites and bauxites that do not fit the traditional ‘ in situ weathering’ explanation. 14, 15
