how is sodium cyclamate made

Full Answer

What is sodium cyclamate?

Sodium cyclamate is the solid form of the artificial sweetener cyclamate. Because of potential health concerns, cyclamate is currently banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for consumption by humans.

What is the difference between sodium cyclamate and sucrose?

Sodium cyclamate is used as an NNS, and the analogous calcium salt is used especially in low-sodium diets. Cyclamate is 30 times sweeter than sucrose. It has a bitter aftertaste but has good sweetness synergy with saccharin.

Why is sodium cyclamate banned in the US?

Sodium cyclamate exhibits good stability in the solid form and is also stable in soft drink formulations within the pH range 2–10. Cyclamate is permitted in several countries (EU, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, etc.). However, it has been banned in the USA after controversial toxicity studies. Sodium cyclamate is a potent sweetening agent.

What is cyclamate and when was it discovered?

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by graduate student Michael Sveda. Sveda was working in the lab on the synthesis of an antipyretic drug. He put his cigarette down on the lab bench, and when he put it back in his mouth, he discovered the sweet taste of cyclamate.

Is sodium cyclamate natural?

Cyclamate is a synthetic artificial sweetener that is 30 to 50 times sweeter than sugar -- the least sweet of all artificial sweeteners.

Why is sodium cyclamate banned?

Cyclamates were banned by the FDA as a food ingredient in 1969 because the saccharin/cyclamate mixture was shown to cause cancer in experimental laboratory rats. The primary concern was that it could be toxic to some individuals who appear to metabolize cyclamate to cyclohexylamine.

Is sodium cyclamate healthy?

Sodium cyclamate and cyclohexylamine (CHA) are associated with health effects of potential concern; however, at levels of exposure considered in the assessment, the Government concluded that these substances are not harmful to human health or the environment.

Is cyclamate a natural sweetener?

Cyclamic acid, calcium cyclamate and sodium cyclamate share E‑number 952 and are called cyclamates. It is an artificial sweetener that is 30 times sweeter than sugar. It was approved as a sweetener in the USA in 1951 but was completely banned in 1970. It is however an approved ingredient in the EU.

What is the most harmful artificial sweetener?

The worst of the worst culprits include aspartame (found in Equal and NutraSweet), sucralose (found in Splenda), and Saccharin (found in Sweet 'N Low). Many people who cut artificial sugars out of their diets report the improvement of many health problems including migraines, depression, IBS, weight gain, and more.

What is the safest artificial sweetener to use?

Stevia — in packet, drops or plant form — is a dietitian favorite. Not only does it contain zero calories, but stevia-based sweeteners are herbal as opposed to artificial. Stevia blended with a sugar alcohol called erythritol (Truvia®) works well in low-carb baked desserts, too.

Are cyclamates carcinogenic?

There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of cyclamates.

Does cyclamate spike insulin?

Another study using isolated pancreatic cells found that only those artificial sweeteners with a bitter aftertaste (acesulfame K, saccharin, stevia, and cyclamate) augmented the insulin response in the presence of glucose.

How much cyclamate is safe?

The European Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) standard provides for a maximum of 7 milligrammes of cyclamate per day per kilogramme of body weight for children up to the age of eight.

Which is worse real sugar or artificial sweeteners?

Both sugar and artificial sweetener are addictive. But artificial sweeteners may be likelier to make you get hungry, eat more throughout the day and develop diabetes. Sugar is OK in limited amounts and in the context of a healthy diet. (Eating a cookie you've made yourself is fine.

What is the safest sweetener instead of sugar?

5 Natural Sweeteners That Are Good for Your HealthStevia. Stevia is a very popular low calorie sweetener. ... Erythritol. Erythritol is another low calorie sweetener. ... Xylitol. Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with a sweetness similar to that of sugar. ... Yacon syrup. Yacon syrup is another unique sweetener. ... Monk fruit sweetener.

Why was cyclamate banned in the US when was it banned?

This controversial high-potency sweetener was used in the United States in diet foods until 1970, at which time it was banned because animal studies suggested that it caused cancer. (It is still permitted in Canada, Europe, and some other countries.)

Is sodium cyclamate carcinogenic?

The authors concluded that there is no evidence for carcinogenicity of sodium cyclamate, because the tumors in the treatment groups were of different histologies and the tumors occurred at a rate frequently observed in monkeys.

Is sodium cyclamate banned in US?

In the EU, this substance is present in a variety of products such as soft drinks, cakes and puddings, ice cream, desserts and canned fruit, while it has been banned in the United States since 1969.

What is the effect of cyclamate?

Cyclamates have a very sweet taste, with about 30 times the sweetening power of sucrose. They are used as sweeteners in baked goods, confections, desserts, soft drinks, preserves, and salad dressings. They are often combined with saccharin to produce a synergistic sweetening effect.

Why should you not eat artificial sweeteners?

Artificial sweeteners have been scrutinized intensely for decades. Critics of artificial sweeteners say that they cause a variety of health problems, including cancer. That's largely because of studies dating to the 1970s that linked the artificial sweetener saccharin to bladder cancer in laboratory rats.

E954: Saccharin

Roger Wood, ... Pauline Key, in Analytical Methods for Food Additives, 2004

Sweeteners: Classification, Sensory and Health Effects

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937. It was used as a low-calorie sweetener in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. It is a salt of cyclohexylsulfamic acid. Sodium cyclamate is used as an NNS, and the analogous calcium salt is used especially in low-sodium diets. Cyclamate is 30 times sweeter than sucrose.

Polyols

Except for xylitol and maltitol, all polyols have less sweetness level than sucrose. To compensate for the reduced sweetness, polyols have been blended with other polyols or other intense sweeteners to achieve the same pleasant and pleasurable sweetness obtained when sucrose is used.

Iodine Fortification of Bread

Christian Thoma, ... Ann Hunt, in Flour and Breads and their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011

CYCLAMATES

J.F. Lawrence, in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), 2003

Sweeteners: Classification, Sensory and Health Effects

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937. It was used as a low-calorie sweetener in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. It is a salt of cyclohexylsulfamic acid. Sodium cyclamate is used as an NNS, and the analogous calcium salt is used especially in low-sodium diets. Cyclamate is 30 times sweeter than sucrose.

SWEETENERS

M.C. Yebra-Biurrun, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), 2005

Artificial sweeteners

Sodium cyclamate is a potent sweetening agent. It has been subjected to numerous safety and carcinogenicity studies. Animal data led to warning against excessive and indiscriminate use a long time ago, causing the World Health Organization in 1967 to adopt a safety limit of 50 mg/kg.

Maternal Nutrition and Supplements for Mother and Infant

The concern about foods causing gas in breastfed babies has no scientific basis. The normal intestinal flora produce gas from the action on fiber in the intestinal tract. Neither the fiber nor the gas is absorbed from the intestinal tract, and they do not enter the milk, even though they may cause the mother some discomfort.

Etiology (Risk Factors for Bladder Cancer)

Some animal studies have shown that large doses of artificial sweeteners, including saccharin and cyclamates, may have an impact on the development of bladder cancer [55]. These studies are controversial because extremely high doses of sweeteners were administered to the animals.

OVERVIEW

Sodium cyclamate (SO-dee-um SYE-kla-mate) is a white, crystal solid or powder with almost no odor and a very sweet taste. Its sweetening power is about 30 times that of table sugar, the standard against which artificial sweeteners are measured. Because of its sweet flavor, sodium cyclamate is used as an artificial sweetener.

HOW IT IS MADE

Cyclamic acid is made by the sulfonation of cyclohexylamine. Cyclohexylamine is a six-carbon ring compound with a single amine (-NH 2) group attached to it. Its formula is C 6 H 11 NH 2. Sulfonation is the process by which an -SO 2 group is added to a compound.

COMMON USES AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS

Sodium cyclamate and calcium cyclamate are used as artificial sweeteners. Since they have no nutritional value (that is, the contain no calories), they can be used in foods and drinks designed for diabetics and dieters. The product also appeals to food processors because it is much sweeter than table sugar.

Interesting Facts

Sodium cyclamate was nearly the undoing of the sports drink Gatorade. The drink was invented in the late 1960s. The inventors decided to use sodium cyclamate as a sweetener because it had less of a bitter aftertaste than saccharin. One year after Gatorade first appeared, however, the FDA banned cyclamates as food additives.

Chemistry

Cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid (cyclohexanesulfamic acid), which itself is prepared by reacting freebase cyclohexylamine with either sulfamic acid or sulfur trioxide.

History

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937 at the University of Illinois by graduate student Michael Sveda. Sveda was working in the lab on the synthesis of an antipyretic drug. He put his cigarette down on the lab bench, and when he put it back in his mouth, he discovered the sweet taste of cyclamate.

Legal status

Cyclamate is approved as a sweetener in at least 130 countries. In the late 1960s cyclamate was banned in the United Kingdom but was approved after being re-evaluated by the European Union in 1996.

Brands

Sweeteners produced by Sweet'n Low and Sugar Twin for Canada contain cyclamate, though not those produced for the United States .

Where is cyclamate contained?

What is Sodium Cyclamate? – Where is cyclamate contained? / Image by Bruno /Germany from Pixabay

What dosage is getting recommended?

What is Sodium Cyclamate? – What dosage is getting recommended? / Image by Bruno /Germany from Pixabay

How dangerous is sodium cyclamate?

What is Sodium Cyclamate? – How dangerous is sodium cyclamate? / Image by Hans Braxmeier from Pixabay

What effects does cyclamate have on the human body?

What is Sodium Cyclamate? – What effects does cyclamate have on the human body? / Image by Myriam Zilles from Pixabay

What is Cyclamate?

Cyclamate is a synthetic artificial sweetener that is 30 to 50 times sweeter than sugar -- the least sweet of all artificial sweeteners. Cyclamate does leave an aftertaste, although less so than other artificial sweeteners such as saccharin.

Regulatory Status

Because of concern over potential side effects, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of cyclamate in foods in 1969. Another petition of approval for cyclamate is currently pending with the FDA, although is not being actively considered.

Cancer Risk

Early studies in the 1970s linked the use of artificial sweeteners containing a mix of cyclamate and saccharin to an increased risk of bladder cancer in lab animals. Other early studies showed that bacteria in the intestines may convert cyclamate to cyclohexamine, a carcinogen.

Other Risks

A study published in "Toxicological Sciences," found that cyclamate contributed to testicular atrophy and interrupted the maturation of sperm in a subset of monkeys fed cyclamate over a long period of time. However, the results were sporadic and do not demonstrate conclusive evidence of cyclamate's toxicity.

Choose a Different Sweetener

The goal to reduce your sugar intake is a noble one, and there are other sweeteners you can turn to that don't have the documented downsides of sodium cyclamate. Go the natural route by sweetening your food with stevia, an intense sweetener that packs a sweetening punch much more powerful than sugar.

What Is Cyclamate?

Sodium cyclamate is a crystalline, colorless, odorless powder with a sugary sweet taste. Many people consider foods mixed with this substance to be rather unpleasant to the taste.

Safety

Cyclamates are approved for use in over 55 countries, including Canada, but banned, for example, in the United States in 1970.

Areas of application of the additive E952

E952 is widely used in pharmaceuticals. It contains well-known sweeteners for diabetics. Lozenges and cough tablets also contain a certain amount of sugar substitute.

The benefits and harms of sodium cyclamate

You should not expect huge benefits and positives from taking such a substance. The main positive property of such a food additive and its direct purpose is to replace sugar for those people who, for one reason or another, are prohibited from eating simple carbohydrates.

Is Cyclamate Keto Friendly?

Before answering whether or not the sodium cyclamate sweetener is keto friendly. Know that the main goal of the ketogenic diet is to reduce the amount of insulin the body generates by reducing the intake of carbohydrates. Body fat, both stored and eaten, will then be the primary source of energy (the keto diet is for stimulating ketosis).

Overview

• Sodium cyclamate (SO-dee-um SYE-kla-mate) is a white, crystal solid or powder with almost no odor and a very sweet taste. Its sweetening power is about 30 times that of table sugar, the standard against which artificial sweeteners are measured. Because of its sweet flavor, sodium cyclamate is used as an artificial sweetener.

See more on encyclopedia.com

Key Facts

How It Is Made

Common Uses and Potential Hazards

Interesting Facts

Words to Know

For Further Information