To measure reinforcement on a groove weld, place the outer arms of the gauge on the weld toes on opposite sides of the weld face. The central ruled slide will need to rise to measure the reinforcement. The measurement is taken at the point where the central ruled slide disappears behind the central stabilizing bar.
Full Answer
How do you remove reinforcement from a weld?
After welding excessive reinforcement removed by grinding operation. During welding, it is difficult to control, the weld just flush with base metal. Welding flush with base metal is preferred. So, some more weld is applied after reaching the basemetal. The metal outside the basemetal surface is called reinforcement.
What is the difference between welding and reinforcement?
During welding, it is difficult to control, the weld just flush with base metal. Welding flush with base metal is preferred. So, some more weld is applied after reaching the basemetal. The metal outside the basemetal surface is called reinforcement. It applies to root side as well as cap side.
What are the different types of Weld measuring gauges?
Popular Weld Measuring Gauges: Internal / External Misalignment, Butt Weld Reinforcement, Fit-Up Gap, Pipe Wall Thickness and More Multi-Function Weld Measuring Gauges: Misalignment, Angle of Prep, Scribing Lines for Socket Welds and More Digital Weld Measuring Gauges: Readouts in Inch and Metric (Exacto, Swiss Precision Instruments)
How to choose the best welding rod for reinforcement bars?
Table 5.1 gives the best welding rod for various grades of reinforcement bars. The tack length for a rebar weld shall be a minimum of 25 mm or 1 inch and with a throat size of 4 millimeters or 5/32 inches. The weld joint should be similar to the lap joint configuration. A distinction is made between load-bearing and non-load-bearing welding joints.
What is weld reinforcement?
Welding reinforcement offers advantages over conventional tying. Welds provide rigid connections that do not work loose during handling of the reinforcement or placing of the concrete. They are particularly advantageous for pre-assembled reinforcement cages, such as for piles, diaphragm walls, columns and beams.
How is weld measured?
0:3811:01Weld Gauge measurements - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAngle by placing this gauge on one surface. And moving this arm along the angle of preparation. ToMoreAngle by placing this gauge on one surface. And moving this arm along the angle of preparation. To read the bevel angle off of here.
What is height of reinforcement in welding?
The weld height reinforcement is the maximum distance between the base metal level and the top point of the deposited metal. This gives an idea of the number of filling passes that are required to fill the gap and the convexity has a direct correlation with the strength of welded joint and welding wire consumption.
How do you weld reinforcement bars?
The following recommendations should be followed when welding reinforcement to avoid damage to the bars and to provide the required force transfer: Carbon content of the bars should not be more than 0.5 percent. Use only low hydrogen electrodes AWS class E7015 or E 7016. Do not weld within 8 inch of any cold bend.
What is G in welding?
F stands for fillet weld, while G is a groove weld. A fillet weld joins together two pieces of metal that are perpendicular or at an angle. A groove weld is made in a groove between workpieces or between workpiece edges. Using this system, a 2G weld is a groove weld in the horizontal position.
What are the welding measuring tools?
Common measuring and leveling tools for welders: (A) framing square, (B) carpenter's square, (C) cabinet maker's square, (D) combination square, (E) torpedo level and (F) builder's level. Compass and dividers – For scribing circles or stepping off a series of equal intervals.
What is the maximum reinforcement on a groove weld?
Both the face and the root surfaces shall be free of cracks. All craters shall be filled to the full cross section of the weld. The edges of the weld shall blend smoothly with the base metal. Underfill shall not exceed 0.01”...ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA – GROOVE WELDS PLATE & PIPE (AWS D1. 2, 3.6. 2)ThicknessMaximum Reinforcementt ≤ 3/83/323/8 < t ≤ 3/41/8t > 3/43/161 more row•Oct 20, 2015
What is weld bead height?
4.5. 3 Case III: prediction of weld geometry using BPNWelding process parametersBead width, mm10.44Bead height, mm3.11Penetration, mm2.67I22.53.005 more rows
How high should the weld bead be above the base metal?
The height of the weld bead should be approximately 1/32″–3/64″ (0.8 mm–1.2 mm). As the weld bead reaches the correct width, the welder moves the electrode forward at a constant speed.
What is the lap length for welding the reinforcement bars?
The length of the lap varies depend on concrete strength, the rebar grade, size, and spacing. D is the diameter of the bars to be lapped together. So if you want to lap 20 mm dia column bars , you need to provide a lap of minimum 45 x20 = 900 mm.
Why welding is not allowed in reinforcement?
Many people avoid welding rebar because the concrete and the rebar in the final piece will expand and contract at different rates, so having the rebar welded together creates pressure points where the concrete can crack.
What grade rebar is weldable?
ASTM A706 grade rebarThis rebar grade is processed in open hearths, electric furnaces, or basic oxygen furnaces and is available in numerous grades, including grade 60 and grade 80. ASTM A706 grade rebar is weldable rebar and especially recommended for capacity-protected structures, and it is commonly used in: Bent caps.
How big is a 3 16 weld?
= 0.707 x Thickness of Plate (in.), so when welding two pieces of 6mm thick plate together, the size of the fillet weld would be Size of Fillet Weld (in.) = 0.707 x 6mm (in.) = 4.2mm or 3/16 inch.
How big is a 1/4 fillet weld?
Minimum Fillet Weld Size per AWS D1. 1 TableBase metal thickness (T) aMinimum size of fillet weld binmmin1/4 < T < 1/26 < T < 123/161/2 < T < 3/412 < T < 201/4¾ < T20 < T5/161 more row
How is welding size fixed?
How to use Welding Fillet Gauges? The minimum size of the Leg length of the fillet shall be 0.75 (3⁄4) of the material thickness. For example, if the material thickness is 10 millimeters, you should have a fillet size of 7 millimeters. In a situation of dissimilar plate thickness, consider the thinner member.
How do you read a weld gauge?
0:351:45Welding inspection aid - How to use a Fillet Weld Gauge - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIt is important to check the leg length in both directions. The same process is used to check forMoreIt is important to check the leg length in both directions. The same process is used to check for throat thickness if the center tube touches the world metal the throat thickness has been.
What is reinforcement welding?
Welding reinforcement offers advantages over conventional tying. Welds provide rigid connections that do not work loose during handling of the reinforcement or placing of the concrete. They are particularly advantageous for pre-assembled reinforcement cages, such as for piles, diaphragm walls, columns and beams.
What type of electrode is used for rebar welding?
Most of the rebar materials are carbon-manganese bases. They can be successfully welded using ER70S-6 when welding with the GMAW process. E7018 or E6013 types electrodes are mostly used with shielded metal arc welding or SMAW welding process.
What is the tensile strength of A615 rebar?
For example, if an A706 grade 60 bar is welded to a A615 grade 60 bar, the electrodes required for the A615 grade 60 are used. This is because the tensile strength of the A615 rebar is 90,000 psi while ...
What should be specified in the construction details?
Welding procedures should be specified in the construction details. They will depend upon the kind of splice, the size of the bars, the composition of the steel, the position and accessibility of the welds, the atmospheric temperature, and other factors.
Can bar splices be weldable?
Since weldability is dependent upon chemical composition, bars may conform to these specifications yet not be weldable. If bar splices are to be welded, Material Specification 539 still applies, but the construction details must specify in addition that the bars be of weldable steel.
What is reinforcement of weld?
Reinforcement of weld is extra weld metal which makes the Thorat dimensions at least 10% greater than thichness of welded material
What is the temperature of an arc welding machine?
Here’s a fun fact, an Arc welding machine generates heat measuring up to 3500-degree celsius. They have a uniform welding apparatus that is very easy-to-handle and function.
What is a welding machine?
A welding machine is refined machinery that allows a worker to conjoin two objects by generating heat at the ends of two objects. For example, with the help of a welding machine, any two objects made of steel, aluminum, or iron can be welded. However, both the objects must be metallic. Let’s review the various uses of a welding machine:-
Why is a beam a high compressive stress?
Due to the action of heavy concentrated load , on a beam a reason of high compressive stress is formed directly under the loads. The upward reaction at the support also produces region of high compresses in web. Such high compresses in the web may lead to web failure like web buckling (also called vertical buckling) and web crippling ( also called web crushing ).
Why do structural engineers write exact specifications regarding installation of conduit in concrete structures?
Structural engineers often write exact specifications regarding installation of conduit in concrete structures so the presence of the pipe doesn’t effect the strength of the concrete unit.
What is excessive reinforcement?
Excessive reinforcement is one type of defect in Weld, so it adjusted as per permissible height of reinforcement as per ASME.
Why do welds crack?
Cracks may be developed due to poor ductility of base metal, high sulpher and carbon contents, high arc travel speeds i.e. fast cooling rates, too concave or convex weld bead and high hydrogen contents in the weld metal. 2. Porosity. Porosity results when the gases are entrapped in the solidifying weld metal.
What is a triangular weld?
The weld is triangular in shape and may have a concave, flat or convex surface depending on the welder’s technique & called Concave fillet, convex fillet and Mitre weld. Fillet welds and predominately used weld joint types in construction, structural and general fabrication although they are not used in critical weld joint locations.
What is Fillet Weld?
Fillet welding refers to the process of joining two pieces of metal together when they are perpendicular or at an angle to each other. These welds are commonly referred to as tee (T) joints, which are two pieces of metal perpendicular to each other, or lap joints, which are two pieces of metal that overlap and are welded at the edges.
What is flare bevel weld?
Flare bevel Groove Weld is type of a weld where a groove is formed between a joint member with a curved surface and another with a planar surface. So, for a flare... link to Rule Of Thumb For determining the Fillet Weld Size.
What is a bridge cam gauge?
The Bridge Cam Gauge, commonly known as the Cambridge gauge, is an accurate, sturdy gauge for both shop and field applications. It can measure fillet weld leg length and throat thickness, height of weld reinforcement, depth of undercut, misalignment and the angle of preparation. The Bridge Cam Gauge includes both imperial ...
Can a fillet weld be concave?
The image below shows a fillet weld being inspected to verify the specified 3/8″ (9.5mm) leg size. If the fillet instead appears to be concave, the weld should instead be assessed using the side of the gauge with the center tab which would need to touch the face of the weld.
Is a filler weld flat?
The figure shown above is a theoretical concept of a filler weld– it depicts an equilateral triangle – whereas a real weld is never flat, and will be either concave or convex, and not necessarily equal-length legs.
Is the leg of a concave weld the same as the size?
In the case of the convex fillet weld shown on the left, the measured leg (L) is equivalent to the size (S). In the case of the concave fillet shown on the right, the measured leg (L) provides an untrue measure of weld strength which is why these welds are instead assessed based on throat dimension to determine effective weld size (S).
What happens if reinforcement is not in accordance with the specifications?
If the reinforcement is not in accordance with the specifications, It should be easy to get corrected. IF it's not easy to get corrected then it may be a different Navy than the one I was in. Of course the yardbirds always had a little more leeway than we did. The codes vary between what is acceptable re-inforcement.
Why grind the top of a weld flat?
Often people will grind the top of the weld flat, to meet the code requirements. This is not the intention. Those that understand that the issue is the angle, will often try to grind the toe of the weld, but usually this leads to a reduction in thickness of the base metal at the toe of the weld. This too is a problem.
What direction do you run grinding striations in?
The grinding striations need to run perpendicular to the weld direction etc.) The average "repair" to sort out excessive reinforcement will be performed under much less strictly controlled conditions. (Using a large angle grinder, grinding parallel to the weld direction.)
How deep should toe grinding be?
The depth of toe grinding had a tight range in these cases, minimum 1mm and a maximum of 2mm. It was performed with carbide tip rotary grinders with a diameter based on base material thickness.
What is a height gauge?
A height gauge or depth gauge is used to ascertain a reduction in base metal after welding (or grinding) when access to both sides of the joint is limited. Takes a few minutes, not an eternity unless your on T&M.
Does AWS allow 1/8" face reinforcement?
Some inspectors do not mention this but it does create a stress riser and AWS does not allow above 1/8".
Dominic v.k.dominic
One QA/QC- Inspector 20 years Experience person he rejected one 24" pipe line RT film because of excessive penetration by measuring the dimension with a ruler and required the joint to be repaired..
Shridev Kurup
I find your main concerns as if the inspector does not know his job.You also says that your management has taken this issue very seriously.I believe they should taken it during welder qualification. I believe your client inspector may be having enough experience where he clearly states the repair. Please note that where limited information available for the imperfection by any method you as a constructor demonstrate any other method to prove that internal protrusion/penetration is with in the code limit.
meisam shokri arfaei
At first look we should say it is not practical generally to measure the excess penetration from RT film because it is 2-dimensional. But some techniques may be employ to do this measurement by RT.
Lalu r p
In cross country pipeline due to pigging operation there are some limits for the internal reinforcement of weld.Mr. Kurup has already pointed out according to API 1104 in his reply.I also have the experience in cross country pipeline for gas distribution, in there the acceptance limit for excess penetration was 2mm. Correct me if I am wrong.
sevak hiren
Question1: RT defect indication was of how much length in the film ? Was it a girth weld ?
bijoy joseph
Please explain your secret technique to measure the 3 dimensional defect in RT
Nandesh Kumar
Parallax is a method to 'estimate' the depth of the discontinuity in the weld; not for the measurement of volumetric flaws.
What are the measurements of a bridge cam gauge?
Bridge Cam Gauge: The following measurements are possible in either inches or millimeters: Angle of Preparation, Excess Weld Metal, Depth of Undercut, Depth of Pitting, Weld Throat Size, and more.
What is a bridgecam gauge used for?
This gauge can be used to measure the offset between two plates over welds, fit-up bars, landing rings or any other object up to and including 1" that might obstruct quick measuring of two plates where the Bridgecam Gauge fails.
