How does cloud logging work with GKE?
A dedicated agent is automatically deployed and managed on the GKE node to collect logs, add helpful metadata about the container, pod and cluster and then send the logs to Cloud Logging. Both system logs and your app logs are then ingested and stored in Cloud Logging, with no additional configuration needed.
How long are GKE logs stored?
For events, GKE uses a deployment in the kube-system namespace which automatically collects events and sends them to Logging. Logging is compatible with JSON format. Logs are stored for up to 30 days. Note: Logging is a Google Cloud service separate from GKE.
How does GKE collect logs from Kubernetes?
For container and system logs, GKE deploys a per-node logging agent that reads container logs, adds helpful metadata, and then stores them. The logging agent checks for container logs in the following sources: For events, GKE uses a deployment in the kube-system namespace which automatically collects events and sends them to Logging.
How can I view GKE node logs for a specific service?
Services running on GKE nodes (kubelet, node problem detector, container runtime, etc.) emit their own logs, which are captured and stored, each with an individual log name corresponding to the component name and all using the same resource type of k8s_node. You can view aggregated node component logs filtering on the resource:
Where are GKE logs stored?
What are system logs?
Why are system logs removed?
What is application logs in Kubernetes?
How much KB per second for logging?
What are the two aspects of logging access control?
When can you use logs based metrics?
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How long does log information remain in cloud Logging?
between 1 day and 3650 daysCloud Logging retains logs according to retention rules applying to the log bucket type where the logs are held. You can configure Cloud Logging to retain logs between 1 day and 3650 days.
Where are GKE logs stored?
Find your GKE logs in Cloud Logging Alternatively, you can access any of your workloads in your GKE cluster and click on the container logs links in your deployment, pod or container details; this also brings you directly to your logs in the Cloud Logging console.
How long are Stackdriver logs retained?
Stackdriver Logging does not retain logs forever. All logs are subject to a standard log retention period, after which they are deleted from Stackdriver. The retention period varies based on the type of log, with admin activity audit logs being retained for 400 days, and all other logs being retained for 30 days.
How long is data stored in Stackdriver Logging?
Stackdriver Logging allows you to retain the logs for 30 days, and gives you a one-click configuration tool to archive data for a longer period in Google Cloud Storage.
How long are Kubernetes logs stored?
Kubernetes performs log rotation daily, or if the log file grows beyond 10MB in size. Each rotation belongs to a single container; if the container repeatedly fails or the pod is evicted, all previous rotations for the container are lost. By default, Kubernetes keeps up to five logging rotations per container.
How do I get Kubernetes node logs?
There are various ways you can collect logs in Kubernetes:Basic Logging Using Stdout and Stderr. ... Using Application-level Logging Configuration. ... Using Logging Agents. ... Kubernetes Container Logging. ... Kubernetes Node Logging. ... Kubernetes Cluster Logging. ... Set Up a Logging System. ... Establish a Retention Mechanism.More items...
How long are AWS logs retained?
indefinitelyLog retention – By default, logs are kept indefinitely and never expire. You can adjust the retention policy for each log group, keeping the indefinite retention, or choosing a retention period between 10 years and one day.
Which two types of logs are being retained automatically for 400 days are free and enabled by default?
For each Google Cloud project, Logging automatically creates two logs buckets: _Required and _Default . retains them for 400 days.
What is the difference between Logging and tracing?
You require both logging and tracing to understand the root cause of the issue. Logs help you identify the issue, while a trace helps you attribute it to specific applications.
How long are log files kept?
Current guidelines require that organizations retain all security incident reports and logs for at least six years.
How long are server log files kept?
As a baseline, most organizations keep audit logs, IDS logs and firewall logs for at least two months. On the other hand, various laws and regulations require businesses to keep logs for durations varying between six months and seven years. Below you can find some of those regulations and required durations.
How are logs stored?
Logs are stored as a file on the Log Server. A separate folder is created for the logged events each hour. The log files are stored by default in the
How do you check GKE logs?
Accessing your logs There are several different ways to access your GKE logs in Logging: Logs Explorer – You can see your logs directly from the Logs Explorer by using the logging filters to select the Kubernetes resources, such as cluster, node, namespace, pod, or container logs.
How do you check application logs on GKE?
For detailed information about log entries that apply to the Kubernetes Cluster and GKE Cluster Operations resource types, go to Audit logging.
How can I see Kubernetes logs in GCP?
Monitoring console – In the Kubernetes Engine section of the Monitoring console, select the appropriate cluster, nodes, pod or containers to view the associated logs. gcloud command line tool – Using the gcloud logging read command, select the appropriate cluster, node, pod and container logs.
Where does Kubernetes engine write application log data by default?
For Kubernetes cluster components that run in pods, these write to files inside the /var/log directory, bypassing the default logging mechanism (the components do not write to the systemd journal). You can use Kubernetes' storage mechanisms to map persistent storage into the container that runs the component.
Viewing your GKE logs | Operations Suite | Google Cloud
This page provides an overview of how to find and use your Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) in Cloud Logging. Accessing your logs. There are several different ways to access your GKE logs in Logging:
What is a log entry in Kubernetes?
Log entries written by the Kubernetes API server apply to the k8s_cluster resource type. These log entries describe operations on Kubernetes resources in your cluster, for example, Pods, Deployments, and Secrets.
What services write logs?
Various Google Cloud services write entries to your project's logs. The Kubernetes service also writes entries to your project's audit logs. For GKE clusters, log entries written by these services are the most relevant:
What is display in Kubernetes?
The display lists all entries in your Admin Activity log that were written by the k 8s.io service, that is, the entries written by the Kubernetes control plane.
What is Kubernetes audit log?
Kubernetes audit log entries are useful for investigating suspicious API requests, for collecting statistics, or for creating monitoring alerts for unwanted API calls.
How to filter Kubernetes logs?
From the drop-down menu, select Kubernetes Cluster. In the menu for selecting a log, select data_access , and click OK. In the Filter by label or text search box, at the right side, click the down arrow to open the drop-down menu. From the menu, choose Convert to advanced filter.
How to view IAM policy?
Open my-policy. yaml to view your IAM policy. Your policy probably contains a bindings object similar to this:
How many filtering interfaces are there in the Cloud Console?
In the Cloud Console, the Logs page has two filtering interfaces: basic and advanced. For information about the two filtering interfaces, see Logs Viewer filter interfaces.
Why are my logs not appearing in GKE?
A potential cause is that your logging volume exceeds the supported logging throughput of Cloud Operations for GKE.
How much logging throughput does GKE support?
Cloud Operations for GKE currently supports up to 100kb/s per node of logging throughput. If any of the nodes in your GKE cluster require greater logging throughput than this, then we recommend deploying and customizing your own FluentD to achieve greater throughput.
How to see Kubernetes logs?
Logs Explorer – You can see your logs directly from the Logs Explorer by using the logging filters to select the Kubernetes resources, such as cluster, node, namespace, pod, or container logs. Here are sample Kubernetes-related queries to help get you started.
What logs are in a cluster?
These logs include the audit logs for the cluster including the Admin Activity log, Data Access log, and the Events log.
What is cloud log?
A log in Cloud Logging is a collection of log entries, and each log entry applies to a certain type of logging resource.
What is logs explorer?
The Logs Explorer offers an additional way to build your search queries using the Logs field explorer. It shows the count of log entries, sorted by decreasing count, for the given log field. Using the Logs field explorer is particularly useful for GKE logs because the Logs field explorer provides an easy way to select the Kubernetes values for your resources to build a query. For example, using the Logs field explorer , you can select logs for a specific cluster, namespace, pod name, and then container name.
What is GKE log?
Logs are an important part of troubleshooting and it’s critical to have them when you need them. When it comes to logging, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is integrated with Google Cloud’s Logging service. But perhaps you’ve never investigated your GKE logs, or Cloud Logging?
When you create a GKE cluster, what are the logs?
As mentioned above, when you create a GKE cluster, system and app logs are set to be collected by default. You can update how you configure log collection either when you create the cluster or by updating the cluster configuration.
How does GKE work?
GKE produces both system and application logs. While useful, sometimes the volume of logs may be higher than you expected. For example, certain log messages generated by Kubernetes such as the kublet logs on the node can be quite chatty and repetitive. These logs can be useful if you’re operating a production cluster for troubleshooting purposes, but may not be as useful in a purely development environment. If you feel you have too many logs, you can use Logging exclusions along with a specific filter to exclude log messages that you may not use. But be thoughtful about excluding logs, since you often won’t need the logs until later when you are for troubleshooting a problem. Excluding some repetitive logs (or excluding a certain percentage of them) can reduce the noise.
What to do if you don't see your logs in Cloud Logging?
If you don’t see any of your logs in Cloud Logging, check whether the GKE integration with Cloud Logging is properly enabled. Follow these instructions to check the status of your cluster’s configuration.
Why is it important to have structured logs?
Having structured logs can help you create more effective queries. With Cloud Logging, structuring your logs means it parses your JSON object which makes it easier to build queries for your application JSON messages. GKE automatically adds structure to its log messages if your logs contain JSON objects in the log message. As a developer, you can also add specific elements in your JSON object that Cloud Logging will automatically map to the corresponding fields when stored in Cloud Logging. This may be useful to set the severity, traceId or labels for your log messages.
Why use trace in logs?
Using traces in conjunction with log messages is another common practice to monitor and maintain the health and performance of your app. Traces offer valuable context for every transaction in your application and thus make the troubleshooting effort significantly more effective, especially in distributed applications. If you use Cloud Trace (or any other tracing solution) to monitor distributed application tracing, another way to make your logs more useful is to include the trace id in the log message. With this connection, you can link to Cloud Trace directly from your log messages when you’re troubleshooting your app.
Can you use GKE to capture system logs?
Beginning with GKE version 1.15.7, you can configure a GKE cluster to only capture system logs. If you have already enabled the GKE integration with Cloud Logging and Cloud Monitoring and only see system logs in Cloud Logging, check whether you have selected this option. To check whether application log collection is enabled or disabled, and to then enable app log collection, follow these instructions .
What is the first log in audit logs?
First in order of importance is of course the activity log in the audit logs family, which cannot be disabled and traces all operations that change a resource state. This is the first (and often only) log that is exported to on-premises systems or stored for archival purposes, since it traces who (which identity) did what (created, modified, or deleted) on which resource, when.
What is Kubernetes event?
As you probably know, “Kubernetes events are objects that provide insight into what is happening inside a cluster, such as what decisions were made by scheduler or why some pods were evicted from the node”. Events are an important way to understand what’s going on inside a cluster, so it’s not surprising that Cloud Operations has a specific log type for them, and a dedicated page in the Kubernetes OSS documentation (from which the quote above is taken).
How long are GKE logs stored?
Logging is compatible with JSON format. Logs are stored for up to 30 days. Note: Logging is a Google Cloud service separate from GKE.
What is a GKE logging agent?
For container and system logs, GKE deploys a per-node logging agent that reads container logs, adds helpful metadata, and then stores them. The logging agent checks for container logs in the following sources:
When is logging enabled in Google Cloud?
Note: Logging is enabled by default when you create a new cluster using the gcloud command-line tool or Google Cloud Console.
Where are logs stored in Google Cloud?
When Logging is enabled in your cluster, your logs are stored in a dedicated, persistent datastore. Your Google Cloud project has several logs that are relevant to a GKE cluster. These include the Admin Activity log, the Data Access log, and the Events log.
Does Google Cloud support GKE?
Note: Google Cloud's operations suite provides integrated monitoring and logging support for GKE clusters. Two different, and incompatible, versions are provided: Legacy Logging and Monitoring, described on this page, and Cloud Operations for GKE, a newer release which can be used in new or existing Kubernetes clusters running Kubernetes version 1.12.7. To learn more, go to Cloud Operations for GKE.
Can you wrap a log in single line JSON?
Multi-line entries (entries with line feed characters) might not be processed correctly. To avoid this issue, wrap your logs in single-line JSON strings.
Does GKE store logs?
While GKE itself stores logs, these logs are not stored permanently. For example, GKE container logs are removed when their host Pod is removed, when the disk on which they are stored runs out of space, or when they are replaced by newer logs. System logs are periodically removed to free up space for new logs. Cluster events are removed after one hour.
What happens when you delete a node pool?
When you delete a node pool , GKE drains all the nodes in the node pool. The draining process involves GKE evicting Pods on each node in the node pool. Each node in a node pool is drained by evicting Pods with an allotted graceful termination period of MAX_POD. MAX_POD is the maximum terminationgraceperiodseconds set on the Pods scheduled to the node with a cap of one hour.
What is a node pool?
A node pool is a group of nodes within a cluster that all have the same configuration. Node pools use a NodeConfig specification. Each node in the pool has a Kubernetes node label, cloud.google.com/gke-nodepool, which has the node pool's name as its value. When you create a cluster, the number of nodes and type of nodes ...
How to deploy a pod to a specific node?
Deploying Services to specific node pools 1 You can explicitly deploy a Pod to a specific node pool by setting a nodeSelector in the Pod manifest. This forces a Pod to run only on nodes in that node pool. For an example see, Deploying a Pod to a specific node pool. 2 You can specify resource requests for the containers . The Pod only runs on nodes that satisfy the resource requests. For instance, if the Pod definition includes a container that requires four CPUs, the Service does not select Pods running on nodes with two CPUs.
How to resize node pools in a cluster?
You can resize node pools in a cluster by adding or removing nodes.
What happens when you create a cluster?
When you create a cluster, the number of nodes and type of nodes that you specify becomes the default node pool. Then, you can add additional custom node pools of different sizes and types to your cluster. All nodes in any given node pool are identical to one another.
Can you specify resource requests for a pod?
You can specify resource requests for the containers . The Pod only runs on nodes that satisfy the resource requests. For instance, if the Pod definition includes a container that requires four CPUs, the Service does not select Pods running on nodes with two CPUs.
Can you configure a single node in a node pool?
You can create, upgrade, and delete node pools individually without affecting the whole cluster. You cannot configure a single node in a node pool; any configuration changes affect all nodes in the node pool.
How to view logs on a node?
To view logs on a node with the Container-Optimized OS or Ubuntu node image, you must use the journalctl command. For example, to view Docker daemon logs:
How to preserve modifications across node re-creation?
To preserve modifications across node re-creation, use a DaemonSet.
What are the two containers runtimes?
Two container runtimes are offered with Windows Server LTSC and SAC node images: Docker and containerd. The images are the same, other than the choice of container runtime.
How many runtimes are there in Ubuntu?
Two container runtimes are offered with Ubuntu. The images are the same, other than the choice of container runtime.
Does GKE have automatic update?
Note: For GKE nodes, the Container-Optimized OS automatic update feature is disabled. GKE has its own automatic upgrade feature that can be used instead.
Can I use a Windows Server node image?
When creating a cluster using Windows Server node pools you can use a Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel (SAC) or Windows Server Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) node image. All Windows node images are Windows Server Datacenter Core images. A single cluster can have multiple Windows Server node pools using different Windows Server versions, but each individual node pool can only use one Windows Server version. For more information, see Choose your Windows node image.
When using Container-Optimized OS, be aware of the partitioning?
When using Container-Optimized OS, be aware of the partitioning if you run your own services that have certain expectations about the filesystem layout outside of containers.
How to implement cluster level logging?
You can implement cluster-level logging by including a node-level logging agent on each node. The logging agent is a dedicated tool that exposes logs or pushes logs to a backend. Commonly, the logging agent is a container that has access to a directory with log files from all of the application containers on that node.
What does Kubectl do when running logs?
When you run kubectl logs as in the basic logging example, the kubelet on the node handles the request and reads directly from the log file. The kubelet returns the content of the log file.
Why are application logs important?
The logs are particularly useful for debugging problems and monitoring cluster activity. Most modern applications have some kind of logging mechanism. Likewise, container engines are designed to support logging.
What is cluster log?
In a cluster, logs should have a separate storage and lifecycle independent of nodes, pods, or containers. This concept is called cluster-level logging.
Why is logging agent recommended to run as a daemonset?
Because the logging agent must run on every node, it is recommended to run the agent as a DaemonSet.
What is the easiest method to log in?
The easiest and most adopted logging method for containerized applications is writing to standard output and standard error streams. However, the native functionality provided by a container engine or runtime is usually not enough for a complete logging solution.
Does Kubernetes use log rotation?
An important consideration in node-level logging is implementing log rotation, so that logs don't consume all available storage on the node. Kubernetes is not responsible for rotating logs, but rather a deployment tool should set up a solution to address that. For example, in Kubernetes clusters, deployed by the kube-up.sh script, there is a logrotate tool configured to run each hour. You can also set up a container runtime to rotate an application's logs automatically.
Where are GKE logs stored?
When you enable the Cloud Operations for GKE integration with Cloud Logging and Cloud Monitoring for your cluster, your logs are stored in a dedicated, persistent datastore. While GKE itself stores logs, these logs are not stored permanently. For example, GKE container logs are removed when their host Pod is removed, when the disk on which they are stored runs out of space, or when they are replaced by newer logs. System logs are periodically removed to free up space for new logs. Cluster events are removed after one hour.
What are system logs?
System logs – These logs include the audit logs for the cluster including the Admin Activity log, Data Access log, and the Events log. For detailed information about the Audit Logs for GKE, refer to the Audit Logs for GKE documentation. Some system logs run as containers, such as those for the kube-system, and they're described in Controlling the collection of your application logs.
Why are system logs removed?
System logs are periodically removed to free up space for new logs. Cluster events are removed after one hour. For container and system logs, GKE deploys, by default, a per-node logging agent that reads container logs, adds helpful metadata, and then stores them.
What is application logs in Kubernetes?
Application logs – Kubernetes containers collect logs for your workloads, written to STDOUT and STDERR.
How much KB per second for logging?
The dedicated Logging agent guarantees at least 100 KB per second log throughput per node for workload logs. If a node is underutilized, then depending on the type of log load (for example, text or structured log entries, very few containers on the node or many containers), the dedicated logging agent might provide throughput as much as 500 KB per second or more. Be aware, however, that at higher throughputs, some logs may be lost.
What are the two aspects of logging access control?
There are two aspects of logging access control: application access and user access. Cloud Logging provides IAM roles that you can use to grant appropriate access.
When can you use logs based metrics?
Alerting: When Logging logs unexpected behavior, you can use logs-based metrics to set up alerting policies. For an example, see Creating a simple alerting policy on a counter metric . For detailed information on logs-based metrics, see Overview of logs-based metrics.
