how many abbasid caliphs are there

Who Was the 6th Abbasid caliph?

Al-AminAl-Amin الأمينGold dinar of al-Amin, minted in Baghdad in 8116th Caliph of the Abbasid CaliphateReign24 March 809 – 27 September 813PredecessorHarun al-Rashid13 more rows

Who was the first Abbasid caliph?

Abu al-ʿAbbas al-SaffahThe first Abbasid caliph, Abu al-ʿAbbas al-Saffah, replaced the Umayyad Marwan II in 132AH/749 CE; the surviving members of the Umayyad family fled to al-Andalus, where they ruled the Islamic West for the next six centuries.

Who was the most famous Abbasid caliph?

Several embassies from the Abbasid Caliphs to the Chinese court have been recorded in the T'ang Annals, the most important of these being those of Abul Abbas al-Saffah, the first Abbasid caliph; his successor Abu Jafar; and Harun al-Rashid.

What caliph ruled the Abbasid dynasty?

Open revolt in 747, under the leadership of Abū Muslim, led to the defeat of Marwān II, the last Umayyad caliph, at the Battle of the Great Zab River (750) in Mesopotamia and to the proclamation of the first Abbasid caliph, Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ.

Who founded Abbasid Caliphate?

Abu MuslimAbu Muslim (d. 755 CE), the man responsible for establishing the Abbasid Dynasty, also became his target, owing to his increasing power; the mutilated body of his house's beneficiary was unceremoniously discarded in the Tigris River.

How many khilafat are in Islam?

During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517).

How many caliphs of the Umayyad state were there?

four rulersAfter the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 C.E., there was a series of four rulers, known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and, lastly, Muhammad's son-in-law, 'Ali.

Who founded Baghdad?

Al-MansurBaghdad / FounderAbd Allah ibn Muhammad, better known simply as by his laqab al-Mansur, and by his kunya Abu Ja'far was the second Abbasid caliph, reigning from 136 AH to 158 AH succeeding his brother Saffah. He is known for founding the 'Round City' of Madinat al-Salam, which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad. Wikipedia

How old is Islam in years?

According to religious historians, Islam was founded by Muhammad the Prophet around 622CE (Common Era), or about 1,382 years ago in Mecca.

Who was the last Rightly Guided caliph?

Rashidun, (Arabic: “Rightly Guided,” or “Perfect”), the first four caliphs of the Islamic community, known in Muslim history as the orthodox or patriarchal caliphs: Abū Bakr (reigned 632–634), ʿUmar (reigned 634–644), ʿUthmān (reigned 644–656), and ʿAlī (reigned 656–661).

How long did the Abbasid Caliphate last?

Under the Abbasid caliphate (750–1258), which succeeded the Umayyads (661–750) in 750, the focal point of Islamic political and cultural life shifted eastward from Syria to Iraq, where, in 762, Baghdad, the circular City of Peace (madinat al-salam), was founded as the new capital.

Who is Bano Abbas?

The Abbasid dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو عبَّاسُ, romanized: Banū Abbās, lit. 'Sons of Abbas') or the Abbasids (Arabic: العباسيون, romanized: al-Abbāsīyyūn) were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 750 and 1258.

Who was the first Caliph?

Several rulers of West Africa adopted the title of Caliph. Mai Ali Ghaji ibn Dunama was the first ruler of Bornu Empire to assume the title. Askia Mohammad I of Songhai Empire also assumed the title around the same time.

What dynasty was the Cairo Abbasids?

Mamluk Abbasid dynasty (1261 – 1517) Main article: Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the Ayyubid dynasty. No. Regnal name.

When did the Ottoman Caliphate dissolve?

The Office of the Ottoman Caliphate was transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey which dissolved the office on March 3, 1924, in keeping with the policies of secularism that were adopted in the early years of the Republic of Turkey by its President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk .

When did the Islamic State return?

On 29 June 2014, the Islamic State proclaimed the return of the Islamic caliphate, with its first "caliph" as Amir al-Mu'minin Abu Bakr Ibrahim bin Awwad Al-Badri Al-Husaini Al-Hashimi Al-Quraishi As-sammera'i al-Baghdadi. The caliphate's claimed territory at its peak controlled 12 million people. Territories under the control of the Islamic State included Wilayat Al-'iraq, Wilyat Ash-sham, Wilayat gharb Ifriqiyyah (the state of West Africa), Wilayat Sharq Asia (the State of North Asia), Wilayat Khorasan, Wilayat wasat Ifriqiyyah (the State of Central of Africa), Wilayat Al-Yaman (the State of Yemen), and Wilayat Sina' (the State of Sinai).

When was the Caliph abolished?

Abolished. 3 March 1924. Succession. None. This is a list of people who have held the title of Caliph, the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, as the political successors to Muhammad. All years are according to the Common Era.

Who led the revolt against the Umayyad Caliphate?

Main article: Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt. Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, the nephew of Aisha, the third wife of Muhammad led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate in 684 AD. He was proclaimed caliph in Mecca but was defeated and killed there in 692 AD after a six-month siege by general Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. No.

Who were the Fatimids?

(The Fatimids were Isma'ili Shia who claimed to be descendants of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and were seen as heretics by Sunnis. Their claims to a caliphate are also not recognized by the Muslim Ummah as a legitimate successor of the title of Caliph passed down from Muhammad, as no legitimate proof existed they were descendant from Fatimah).

Who were the Abbasids?

The Abbasid caliphs were the dynastic rulers of the Islamic world between the middle of the 8th and the 10th centuries. They headed a Muslim empire that extended from Tunisia through Egypt, Syria, Arabia, and Persia to Uzbekistan and the frontiers of India. But unlike previous conquerors, the Abbasid caliphs presided over a multicultural empire where conversion was a relatively peaceful business. As Vikings raided the shores of Britain, the Abbasids were developing sophisticated systems of government, administration and court etiquette. Their era saw the flowering of Arabic philosophy, mathematics and Persian literature. The Abbasids were responsible for patronising the translation of Classical Greek texts and transmitting them back to a Europe emerging from the Dark Ages. So who were the Abbasid caliphs and how did they come to power? What was their cultural significance? What factors can account for their decline and fall? And why do they represent a Golden Age of Islamic civilisation? Presenter Melvyn Bragg investigates the history of ideas and debates their application in modern life with his guests Hugh Kennedy, Professor of History at the University of St Andrews; Robert Irwin, Senior Research Associate at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London; and Amira Bennison, Senior Lecturer in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at the University of Cambridge. Baron Bragg -- historian, journalist and novelist -- is Controller of Arts for London Weekend Television.

What were the non-Muslims called in the Ottoman Empire?

In the Ottoman empire, the non-Muslim subjects and subject peoples were contemptuously called by the Arabic word <i ra`iyah /i>, meaning herd. This was sometimes spelled in English ra`ayah, rayah, etc. This is what the Muslims thought of the non-Muslims, albeit in formal usage in Muslim law, the non-Muslim subjects and subject peoples in the Muslim state were called dhimmis. So `Umar still thinks of us as a herd properly subject to Islamic law and ideally under the sway of an Islamic khalif. Is that what he wishes for the EuroArab alliance against the Jews that he believes we fear? That is, does `Umar wish to see his Euro/Christian allies of today becoming a dhimmi herd tomorrow?

Did the Abbasids rule Andalusia?

For example, while it is correct that there was substantial important scholarship under the Abbasids, the Abbasids did not rule Andalusia for any substantial time. Rather, the Ummayad's ruled Andalusia, other than for a short period at the outset of the Abbasid dynasty, for many centuries.#N#Also, the notion of people choosing their faith, as described in the article, is nonsense. Non-Muslims, whether in Iberia or Damascus were dhimmis. They were never treated as equals or anything of the sort. Muslims were not converting to Christianity or Judaism - at least not where it might be heard of by the religious authorities. It might better be said that Muslims had need of the skills of the far more numerous and more highly skilled and civilized non-Muslims they conquered and, at times but not consistently, Muslim rulers did not always fully enforce the rules applicable to dhimmis. But, non-Muslims were not treated as equals and people converting from faith to faith to faith was not occurring, other than to Islam in order to escape the periods of greater oppression - which were rather frequent.#N#This is not to deny that there was a flowering of civilization or that non-Muslims participated. There certainly was. However, one needs to avoid romanticizing what occurred under Muslim rule into a multicultural paradise, which certainly was not the case.

Overview

Short-lived and disputed caliphates

Ottoman Caliphate (1517–3 March 1924)

See also

Bibliography