The appendicular skeleton, comprising the arms and legs, including the shoulder and pelvic girdles, contains 126 bones, bringing the total for the entire skeleton to 206 bones. How many limbs are there in human body? Human legs and feet are specialized for two-legged locomotion – most other mammals walk and run on all four limbs.
Full Answer
How many bones are in the lower leg?
The lower limb contains 30 bones. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges (see [link]). The femur is the single bone of the thigh. The patella is the kneecap and articulates with the distal femur.
How many bones are in the human body?
Facial bones (14) 1 Nasal bones (2). 2 Maxillae (upper jaw) (2). 3 Lacrimal bone (2). 4 Zygomatic bone (2). 5 Palatine bone (2). 6 ... (more items)
How many bones are in the upper arm?
There are a total of 64 bones in the arm. Upper arm bones (6 bones in total; 3 on each side) Humerus (2) Pectoral girdle (shoulder) Scapula (2) Clavicles (2) Lower arm bones (4 bones in total, 2 on each side) Ulna (2) Radius (2)
How many bones are in the pelvis and arms?
There are a total of 64 bones in the arms. The pelvis (or hip bone) is made up of three regions that have fused to form 2 coxal bones. They are: ilium, ischium, and pubis
What is the largest bone in the upper limb?
The humerus (Fig. 10.3) is the largest and longest bone of the upper limb. The upper extremity has a hemispherical head, covered with hyaline cartilage, which articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the shoulder joint. The anatomical neck forms a slight constriction adjoining the head, and the greater and lesser tuberosities lie below the neck and provide attachment for muscles. Between the tuberosities, a deep groove accommodates one of the tendons of the biceps muscle. The shaft of the humerus has many roughened surfaces for the attachment of muscles, the most marked being the deltoid tuberosity on the outer side, which gives insertion to the deltoid muscle. A groove running obliquely round the shaft carries the radial nerve, one of the three main nerves of the upper limb.
What is the humerus divided into?
The lower end of the humerus is divided into articular and non-articular portions. The articular portion, together with the radius and the ulna, forms the elbow joint. It is divided by a shallow groove into the capitulum, a rounded projection that articulates with the radius, and the trochlea, which is shaped rather like a pulley and which articulates with the ulna. The non-articular portion has two epicondyles, which provide attachment for muscles. There are also two deep hollows: the posterior one is called the olecranon fossa as it accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna when the elbow is extended; and the coronoid fossa, which is on the anterior surface, provides for the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is flexed.
What is the radius of the arm?
The radius (Fig. 10.4) is the outer bone of the forearm. The upper end is smaller and has a disc-shaped head with a hollowed upper surface to articulate with the capitulum of the humerus. The head also articulates with the ulna. The neck of the radius is the constricted portion below the head, and on the ulnar side there is a projection called the radial tuberosity, which gives insertion to the biceps muscle. The shaft of the bone has a sharp ridge facing the ulna and from it a sheet of fibrous tissue called the interosseous membrane runs to the ulna, connecting the two bones. The lower end of the radius is the wider part and comprises part of the wrist joint; it also has a projection called the styloid process, which can be felt at the base of the thumb.
Which part of the shoulder is the socket of the humerus?
The outer angle carries a shallow socket known as the glenoid cavity, which receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint. Above this, two processes project:
How many bones are in the thumb?
The fingers and thumb contain 14 bones, each of which is called a phalanx bone (plural = phalanges ), named after the ancient Greek phalanx (a rectangular block of soldiers). The thumb ( pollex) is digit number 1 and has two phalanges, a proximal phalanx, and a distal phalanx bone (see Figure 3).
How many bones are in the upper arm?
There are 30 bones in each upper limb. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm, and the ulna (medially) and the radius (laterally) are the paired bones of the forearm. The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a carpal bone, and the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a metacarpal bone.
What bones are in the base of the hand?
The carpal bones form the base of the hand. This can be seen in the radiograph (X-ray image) of the hand that shows the relationships of the hand bones to the skin creases of the hand (see Figure 4). Within the carpal bones, the four proximal bones are united to each other by ligaments to form a unit. Only three of these bones, the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum, contribute to the radiocarpal joint. The scaphoid and lunate bones articulate directly with the distal end of the radius, whereas the triquetrum bone articulates with a fibrocartilaginous pad that spans the radius and styloid process of the ulna. The distal end of the ulna thus does not directly articulate with any of the carpal bones.
How are the carpal bones of the hand formed?
The carpal bones are arranged in two rows, forming a proximal row of four carpal bones and a distal row of four car pal bones. The bones in the proximal row, running from the lateral (thumb) side to the medial side, are the scaphoid (“boat-shaped”), lunate (“moon-shaped”), triquetrum (“three-cornered”), and pisiform (“pea-shaped”) bones. The small, rounded pisiform bone articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum bone. The pisiform thus projects anteriorly, where it forms the bony bump that can be felt at the medial base of your hand. The distal bones (lateral to medial) are the trapezium (“table”), trapezoid (“resembles a table”), capitate (“head-shaped”), and hamate (“hooked bone”) bones. The hamate bone is characterized by a prominent bony extension on its anterior side called the hook of the hamate bone.
What is the joint between the humerus and elbow?
The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. It articulates with the radius and ulna bones of the forearm to form the elbow joint.
How many metacarpal bones are there in the palm of the hand?
Metacarpal Bones. The palm of the hand contains five elongated metacarpal bones. These bones lie between the carpal bones of the wrist and the bones of the fingers and thumb (see Figure 3). The proximal end of each metacarpal bone articulates with one of the distal carpal bones.
Which bones articulate with the radius?
The scaphoid and lunate bones articulate directly with the distal end of the radius, whereas the triquetrum bone articulates with a fibrocartilaginous pad that spans the radius and styloid process of the ulna. The distal end of the ulna thus does not directly articulate with any of the carpal bones.
How many metatarsal bones are there in the foot?
The five metatarsal bones in each foot create the body of the foot. Numbered one through five, the bone that sits behind the big toe is No. 1 and the one behind the little toe is No. 5.
What are the 3 bones of the big toe?
The three toe bones include the distal phalanges at the tip, middle phalanges, and proximal phalanges closest to the metatarsals . The big toes don’t have middle phalanges. Last medically reviewed on March 30, 2015.
What is the calf bone?
It is also known as the calf bone, as it sits slightly behind the tibia on the outside of the leg. The fibula is connected via ligaments to the two ends of the tibia. The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is at the center of the knee. It aids in knee extension and protects the joint.
What is the second largest bone in the human body?
Bones. The femur, or thighbone, is the longest and largest bone in the human body. At its top, it helps create the ball-and-socket joint of the hip; its lower end helps create the knee joint. The second largest bone in body is the tibia, also called the shinbone.
What are the bones of the foot called?
These make up the ankle and upper portion of the foot. The seven tarsal bones are: Calcaneus: The largest bone of the foot, it is commonly referred to as the heel of the foot. Talus: This bone creates the lower portion of the ankle joint.
Which bone is the second largest?
The second largest bone in body is the tibia, also called the shinbone. This long bone connects with the knee at one end and the ankle at the other. Next to the tibia is the fibula, the thinner, weaker bone of the lower leg.
Where is the cuboid bone located?
Cuboid: This multisurface bone sits on the outside of the foot near the fifth phalange (little toe). Cuneiforms: These three small bones are closest to the five metatarsal bones. They sit in a row beginning at the inside of the foot and end at the cuboid.
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton, comprising the spine, chest and head, contains 80 bones. The appendicular skeleton, comprising the arms and legs, including the shoulder and pelvic girdles, contains 126 bones, bringing the total for the entire skeleton to 206 bones.
How many bones are there in the human body?
The human skeleton of an adult consists of around 206 to 213 bones, and there are 300 bones in children, depending on the counting of sternum (which may alternatively be included as the manubrium, body of sternum, and the xiphoid process). It is composed of 300 bones at birth, but later decreases to 80 bones in the axial skeleton ...
How long does it take for a person's bones to fuse?
As a person ages, some bones fuse, a process which typically lasts until sometime within the third decade of life. Therefore, the number of bones in an individual may be evaluated differently throughout a lifetime. In addition, the bones of the skull and face are counted as separate bones, despite being fused naturally. Some reliable sesamoid bones such as the pisiform are counted, while others, such as the hallux sesamoids, are not.
How many bones are in a coccygeal vertebrae?
Coccygeal vertebrae/Cordal (set of 4 bones at birth; some or all fuse together, but there seems to be a disagreement between researchers as to what the most common number should be. Some say the most common is 1, others say 2 or 3, with 4 being the least likely. It is counted as 1 in this article.
Where are the sutural bones located?
The most common variations include sutural (wormian) bones, which are located along the sutural lines on the back of the skull, and sesamoid bones which develop within some tendons, mainly in the hands and feet. Some individuals may also have additional (i.e., supernumerary) cervical ribs or lumbar vertebrae.
How many bones are in the spine?
Spine (vertebral column) A fully grown adult features 26 bones in the spine, whereas a child can have 34. Coccygeal vertebrae/Cordal (set of 4 bones at birth; some or all fuse together, but there seems to be a disagreement between researchers as to what the most common number should be.
How many bones are there in the metacarpals?
Metacarpals (10 bones in total; 5 on each side) Phalanges of the hand. Proximal phalanges (10 bones in total; 5 on each side) Intermediate phalanges (8 bones in total; 4 on each side) Distal phalanges (10 bones in total; 5 on each side)
How many bones are there in the lower limb?
The lower limb contains 30 bones. These are the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, and phalanges (see [link] ). The femur is the single bone of the thigh. The patella is the kneecap and articulates with the distal femur.
How many bones are there in the foot?
The bones of the foot are divided into three groups. The posterior foot is formed by the seven tarsal bones. The mid-foot has the five metatarsal bones. The toes contain the phalanges.
What is the longest bone in the body?
The femur , or thigh bone, is the single bone of the thigh region ( [link] ). It is the longest and strongest bone of the body, and accounts for approximately one-quarter of a person’s total height. The rounded, proximal end is the head of the femur , which articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. The fovea capitis is a minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This ligament spans the femur and acetabulum, but is weak and provides little support for the hip joint. It does, however, carry an important artery that supplies the head of the femur.
Which condyle articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint?
The lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint.
Which bone is the head of the femur?
It does, however, carry an important artery that supplies the head of the femur. Femur and Patella. The femur is the single bone of the thigh region. It articulates superiorly with the hip bone at the hip joint, and inferiorly with the tibia at the knee joint.
How many bones are in the posterior portion of the foot?
The posterior portion of the foot is formed by a group of seven bones, each of which is known as a tarsal bone, whereas the mid-foot contains five elongated bones, each of which is a metatarsal bone. The toes contain 14 small bones, each of which is a phalanx bone of the foot.
Which part of the femur has lateral and medial expansions?
The distal end of the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. On the lateral side, the smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion is the lateral condyle of the femur. The roughened area on the outer, lateral side of the condyle is the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
What are the bones of the leg?
The leg comprises the bones: Femur. Tibia. Fibula. The femur forms the upper leg while the tibia and the fibula form the lower portion of the leg.
Which bone is the stronger, the tibia or the shinbone?
Tibia . The tibia is one of the two bones present in the lower leg. It is also known as the shank bone or the shinbone. Moreover, the tibia is the larger and the stronger of the two. Anatomically, the tibia connects the ankle bone with the knee.
What is the calf bone?
Fibula. The fibula is called the calf bone and connect to the tibia above and below. It runs laterally to the tibia and is smaller of the two. Moreover, the bottom part of the fibula extends well past the tibia and forms the lateral part of the ankle.
