Naturally occurring europium is composed of 2 isotopes, 151 Eu and 153 Eu, which occur in almost equal proportions; 153 Eu is slightly more abundant (52.2% natural abundance). While 153 Eu is stable, 151 Eu was found to be unstable to alpha decay with a half-life of 5+11
What is the most abundant isotope of europium?
Naturally occurring europium is composed of 2 isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu, with 153Eu being the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance). −3×1018 years, giving about 1 alpha decay per two minutes in every kilogram of natural europium. This value is in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions.
Which isotopes of europium have high cross sections for neutron capture?
As with other lanthanides, many isotopes of europium, especially those that have odd mass numbers or are neutron-poor like 152 Eu, have high cross sections for neutron capture, often high enough to be neutron poisons .
What are the available europium properties?
Available europium properties... More properties... Europium has two stable isotopes and both are used for the production of radioisotopes. Eu-151 is used for the production of Eu-152 which is used as a reference source in gammaspectroscopy.
What percentage of rare earth elements are europium?
Only 0.2% of the rare-earth element content is europium. The second large source for rare-earth elements between 1965 and its closure in the late 1990s was the Mountain Pass rare earth mine in California. The bastnäsite mined there is especially rich in the light rare-earth elements (La-Gd, Sc, and Y) and contains only 0.1% of europium.
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What are the isotopes of europium?
Naturally occurring europium (63Eu) is composed of 2 isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu, with 153Eu being the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance).
How many stable isotopes does europium have?
2 stable isotopesNaturally occurring Europium (Eu) is composed of 2 stable isotopes, 151Eu and 153Eu, with 153Eu being the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance).
What is the isotopes mass number of europium 151 have?
The stable isotope of europium with relative atomic mass 150.919846, 47.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.
What is the number of europium?
63Fact boxGroupLanthanidesMelting pointPeriod6Boiling pointBlockfDensity (g cm−3)Atomic number63Relative atomic massState at 20°CSolidKey isotopes2 more rows
Is europium a stable isotope?
Europium-151 atom is the stable isotope of europium with relative atomic mass 150.919846, 47.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.
Is europium stable or unstable?
Both of its naturally occurring isotopes are stable: europium-151 (47.81 percent) and europium-153 (52.19 percent).
What is the atomic mass of europium 151 and 153?
EuropiumIsotopeAtomic mass (Da)Isotopic abundance (amount fraction)151Eu150.919 857(9)0.4781(6)153Eu152.921 237(9)0.5219(6)
Which element is atomic number 15?
PhosphorusPhosphorus - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table.
What is the element 150?
Schrodium is the provisional non-systematic name of a theoretical element with the symbol So and atomic number 150. Schrodium was named in honor of Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), who developed his equation for quantum mechanics.
Why is it called europium?
The name derives from the continent of Europe. It was separated from the mineral samaria in magnesium- samarium nitrate by the French chemist Eugène-Anatole Demarçay in 1896. It was also first isolated by Demarçay in 1901. Europium was discovered by Eugène-Antole Demarçay, a French chemist, in 1896.
How many electrons are in Eu?
Europium atoms have 63 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8. 18.25. 8.2.
How many neutrons are there in europium?
Europium (Eu). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of europium-153 (atomic number: 63), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 63 protons (red) and 90 neutrons (blue).
Why is Eu3+ more stable than Eu2+?
It is generally accepted that in Eu-doped materials responsible for the electronic transition is the Eu2+ cation. This cation is more stable than Eu3+ because a magic configuration 4f7 is formed. Similar situation is possible with Ce-doped material.
How many electrons does europium have?
63 electronsEuropium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Europium is Eu.
How many neutrons does europium have?
Europium (Eu). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of europium-153 (atomic number: 63), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 63 protons (red) and 90 neutrons (blue).
What is an interesting fact about europium?
Europium is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that instantly oxidizes in air. It is the most reactive of the rare earth metals and ignites in air at temperatures in excess of 150 oC to 180 oC. In water it reacts in a similar way to calcium, producing europium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
How many isotopes are in Europium?
Naturally occurring europium is composed of 2 isotopes, 151 Eu and 153 Eu, which occur in almost equal proportions; 153 Eu is slightly more abundant (52.2% natural abundance ). While 153 Eu is stable, 151 Eu was found to be unstable to alpha decay with a half-life of 5+11#N#−3 × 1018 years in 2007, giving about 1 alpha decay per two minutes in every kilogram of natural europium. This value is in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. Besides the natural radioisotope 151 Eu, 35 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 150 Eu with a half-life of 36.9 years, 152 Eu with a half-life of 13.516 years, and 154 Eu with a half-life of 8.593 years. All the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than 4.7612 years, and the majority of these have half-lives shorter than 12.2 seconds. This element also has 8 meta states, with the most stable being 150m Eu ( t1/2 =12.8 hours), 152m1 Eu ( t1/2 =9.3116 hours) and 152m2 Eu ( t1/2 =96 minutes).
What is the atomic number of Europium?
body-centered cubic (bcc) Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture.
What are rare earth elements?
Rare-earth elements are found in the minerals bastnäsite, loparite- (Ce), xenotime, and monazite in mineable quantities. Bastnäsite is a group of related fluorocarbonates, Ln (CO 3 ) (F,OH). Monazite is a group of related of orthophosphate minerals LnPO.
How long does a 151 Eu radioisotope last?
Besides the natural radioisotope 151 Eu, 35 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 150 Eu with a half-life of 36.9 years, 152 Eu with a half-life of 13.516 years, and 154 Eu with a half-life of 8.593 years.
What is the primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than 153 Eu?
The primary decay mode for isotopes lighter than 153 Eu is electron capture , and the primary mode for heavier isotopes is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before 153 Eu are isotopes of samarium (Sm) and the primary products after are isotopes of gadolinium (Gd).
What are the main chalcogenides of Europium?
Otherwise, the main chalcogenides are europium (II) sulfide (EuS), europium (II) selenide (EuSe) and europium (II) telluride (EuTe): all three of these are black solids. EuS is prepared by sulfiding the oxide at temperatures sufficiently high to decompose the Eu 2 O 3:
What is the most reactive element in the world?
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife.
Where is Europium found?
Natural abundance. In common with other lanthanides, europium is mainly found in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite. It can be prepared from these minerals. However, the usual method of preparation is by heating europium (Ill) oxide with an excess of lanthanum under vacuum.
What is the story of Europium?
Europium’s story is part of the complex history of the rare earths, aka lanthanoids. It began with cerium which was discovered in 1803. In 1839 Carl Mosander separated two other elements from it: lanthanum and one he called didymium which turned out to be a mixture of two rare earths, praseodymium and neodymium, as revealed by Karl Auer in 1879. Even so, it still harboured another rarer metal, samarium, separated by Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, and even that was impure. In 1886 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac extracted gadolinium, from it, but that was still not the end of the story. In 1901, Eugène-Anatole Demarçay carried out a painstaking sequence of crystallisations of samarium magnesium nitrate, and separated yet another new element: europium.
What is Europium used for?
Uses. Europium is used in the printing of euro banknotes. It glows red under UV light, and forgeries can be detected by the lack of this red glow. Low-energy light bulbs contain a little europium to give a more natural light, by balancing the blue (cold) light with a little red (warm) light.
What is the vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.
Who discovered the Europium salt?
Others acknowledge French discoverers - either Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran, a prolific investigator of new elements, who also identified a set of new lines a couple of years later, or definitively Eugene-Anatole Demarçay, who produced a europium salt in 1901 (it took many more years to get to the pure metal). It was certainly named by Demarçay - which should come as no surprise, as no Englishman of Crookes' time would think of himself as European.
Is Europium good for nuclear reactors?
Europium is excellent at absorbing neutrons, making it valuable in control rods for nuclear reactors.
Who extracted gadolinium?
In 1886 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac extracted gadolinium, from it, but that was still not the end of the story. In 1901, Eugène-Anatole Demarçay carried out a painstaking sequence of crystallisations of samarium magnesium nitrate, and separated yet another new element: europium. Glossary.
Europium in Periodic table
Europium element is in period 6 and in lanthanide group of the Periodic table. Europium is the f-block element and it belongs to inner transition metals group.
Properties of Europium
The physical and chemical properties of europium element are mentioned below.
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What is the most common isotope of Europium?
Europium occurs in 2 natural isotopes: 151 Eu and 153 Eu. 153 Eu is the most common isotope, having a natural abundance of approximately 52%. Of these, 151 Eu is very slightly radioactive, decaying by alpha decay with a half-life of 5×10 18 y ears.
What is the mass number of isotopes of Europium?
Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Europium are 153.
What is the number of neutrons in an atom?
The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.
How many electrons are in an atom of Europium?
Therefore, the number of electrons in neutral atom of Europium is 63. Each electron is influenced by the electric fields produced by the positive nuclear charge and the other (Z – 1) negative electrons in the atom.
How many protons are in Europium?
Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons in its nucleus. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs.
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers , electron configurations, and chemical properties. The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements.
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
It is the Pauli exclusion principle that requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements.
What is Europium used for?
Europium is used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for color televisions.
What is 153 isotope used for?
Europium-153 isotope is used for Europium-154 (Eu-154 isotope, 154Eu isotope) radionuclide (radioisotope) production (can be used as a reference source for gamma detector calibration);
Overview
Characteristics
Europium is a ductile metal with a hardness similar to that of lead. It crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. Some properties of europium are strongly influenced by its half-filled electron shell. Europium has the second lowest melting point and the lowest density of all lanthanides.
Europium has been claimed to become a superconductor when it is cooled bel…
Production
Europium is associated with the other rare-earth elements and is, therefore, mined together with them. Separation of the rare-earth elements occurs during later processing. Rare-earth elements are found in the minerals bastnäsite, loparite-(Ce), xenotime, and monazite in mineable quantities. Bastnäsite is a group of related fluorocarbonates, Ln(CO3)(F,OH). Monazite is a group of related of orthophosphate minerals LnPO 4 (Ln denotes a mixture of all the lanthanides except promethi…
Compounds
Europium compounds tend to exist in a trivalent oxidation state under most conditions. Commonly these compounds feature Eu(III) bound by 6–9 oxygenic ligands, typically water. These compounds, the chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, are soluble in water or polar organic solvent. Lipophilic europium complexes often feature acetylacetonate-like ligands, e.g., Eufod.
History
Although europium is present in most of the minerals containing the other rare elements, due to the difficulties in separating the elements it was not until the late 1800s that the element was isolated. William Crookes observed the phosphorescent spectra of the rare elements including those eventually assigned to europium.
Europium was first found in 1892 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who obtained basic fracti…
Applications
Relative to most other elements, commercial applications for europium are few and rather specialized. Almost invariably, its phosphorescence is exploited, either in the +2 or +3 oxidation state.
It is a dopant in some types of glass in lasers and other optoelectronic devices. Europium oxide (Eu2O3) is widely used as a red phosphor in television sets and f…
Precautions
There are no clear indications that europium is particularly toxic compared to other heavy metals. Europium chloride, nitrate and oxide have been tested for toxicity: europium chloride shows an acute intraperitoneal LD50 toxicity of 550 mg/kg and the acute oral LD50 toxicity is 5000 mg/kg. Europium nitrate shows a slightly higher intraperitoneal LD50 toxicity of 320 mg/kg, while the oral toxicity is above 5000 mg/kg. The metal dust presents a fire and explosion hazard.
External links
• It's Elemental – Europium