Which structure lines the abdominal wall?
- Mesentery. Attaches small intestine to posterior abdominal wall.
- Mesocolon. Attaches large intestine to posterior abdominal wall; 2 mesecolons: transverse, sigmoid.
- Falciform Ligament. Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall/diaphragm.
- Lesser Omentum.
- Greater Omentum.
What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?
- Transversus abdominis – the deepest muscle layer.
- Rectus abdominis – slung between the ribs and the pubic bone at the front of the pelvis.
- External oblique muscles – these are on each side of the rectus abdominis.
What are the layers of the bowel wall?
The normal bowel usually has a 3-layer appearance with an echogenic inner layer of mucosa and submucosa, a hypoechoic middle layer of muscle wall, and a thin echogenic outer layer of serosa. Contents of the gut lumen are variable in appearance. A.
What are the layers of the abdomen?
- External Oblique Abdominal Muscle
- Internal Oblique Abdominal Muscle
- Rectus Abdominis
- Transverse Abdominal Muscle
- Pyramidalis Muscle
What are the 7 layers of the abdominal wall?
The abdominal wall. Though its major part is muscular, the abdominal wall consists of at least seven layers: the skin, subcutaneous fat, deep fascia; abdominal muscles, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum.
What are the 4 layers of the abdominals?
AnatomyTransversus abdominis – the deepest muscle layer. ... Rectus abdominis – slung between the ribs and the pubis at the front of the pelvis. ... External oblique muscles – these are on each side of the rectus abdominis. ... Internal oblique muscles – these flank the rectus abdominis and are located just inside the hipbones.
What are the 4 layers of abdominal muscles going from superficial to deep?
Classically the anterolateral abdominal wall has been described as separate layers from superficial to deep as follows:Skin.Subcutaneous tissues (further divided into the more superficial Camper's fascia and the deeper Scarpa's fascia)External oblique muscle.Internal oblique muscle.Transversus abdominis muscle.More items...•
What is the abdominal wall made of?
The abdominal wall is composed of 5 paired muscles: 2 vertical muscles (the rectus abdominis and the pyramidalis) and 3 layered, flat muscles (the external abdominal oblique, the internal abdominal oblique, and the transversus abdominis muscles).
What are the 9 layers of the abdomen?
There are nine layers to the abdominal wall: skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, preperitoneal adipose and areolar tissue, and peritoneum. Nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics are present throughout.
What are the 5 layers of the stomach?
The stomach is made of these 5 layers:Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining. ... Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. ... Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles. ... Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa.Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer.
What is the strongest layer of the abdomen?
transversus abdominis – the deepest muscle layer. Its main roles are to stabilise the trunk and maintain internal abdominal pressure.
What are the 3 layers of stomach muscle?
Layers of Stomach Wall The three layers of smooth muscle consist of the outer longitudinal, the middle circular, and the inner oblique muscles. Construction of these muscles helps mix and break the contents into a suspension of nutrients called chyme and propels it into the duodenum.
What is the abdominal wall called?
The abdominal wall can be divided into two sections: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls. This complex structure consists of numerous layers, from superficial to deep: skin, superficial fascia, muscles and their respective fasciae, and peritoneum.
What are the 8 layers of the abdominal wall?
LayersSkin.Subcutaneous tissue.Fascia. Camper's fascia - fatty superficial layer. Scarpa's fascia - deep fibrous layer. Superficial Abdominal fascia.Muscle. External oblique abdominal muscle. Internal oblique abdominal muscle. Rectus abdominis. Transverse abdominal muscle. ... Transversalis fascia.Extraperitoneal fat.Peritoneum.
How many layers are cut during C section?
At the beginning of a caesarean section, six separate layers of the abdominal wall and uterus are opened individually. Once the baby is delivered the uterus is closed with a double layer of stitching.
How thick is your abdominal wall?
The thicknesses of the rectus abdominis muscle were measured as follows: MXR, 9.58±2.11 mm; MXL, 9.73±2.06 mm; MUR, 10.26±1.83 mm; and MUL, 10.26±1.85 mm. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat tissue at the umbilicus level was measured as follows: FUR, 24.31±8.04 mm; and FUL, 23.39±7.92 mm (Table 2).
What are the 4 main muscles of the core?
Key global muscles include: Erector Spinae External Oblique Rectus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum For more information please see the Physiopedia Page on the Muscles of Respiration.
What are the core 4 muscles?
Your core actually consists of 4 interconnected muscle groups: your transversus abdominis, your multifidus, your diaphragm, and your pelvic floor. I call this the “Core-4.” All 4 of these core muscles work together to provide strength and create balance and stability.
What are the two sections of the abdominal wall?
The abdominal wall can be divided into two sections: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls. This complex structure consists of numerous layers, from superficial to deep: skin, superficial fascia, muscles and their respective fasciae, and peritoneum . Key facts about the abdominal wall. Layers of the abdominal wall.
What is the abdominal wall?
The abdominal wall surrounds the abdominal cavity, providing it with flexible coverage and protecting the internal organs from damage. It is bounded superiorly by the xiphoid process and costal margins, posteriorly by the vertebral column and inferiorly by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament.
How are the abdominal regions divided?
Nine abdominopelvic regions, which are divided horizontally by the superior subcostal plane, which passes right under the costal margins of the 10th ribs, and the inferior intertubercular plane, which connects the tubercules of the iliac crest. Vertically they are divided by the two midclavicular planes which pass through the midpoint of each clavicle and halfway between the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine. The four planes create nine abdominal regions as you see in the picture: hypochondriac (right, left) and epigastric regions superiorly, flanks (right, left) and umbilical region in the middle, groin (right, left) and hypogastric region inferiorly.
How many abdominal regions are there?
The four planes create nine abdominal regions as you see in the picture: hypochondriac (right, left) and epigastric regions superiorly, flanks (right, left) and umbilical region in the middle, groin (right, left) and hypogastric region inferiorly. The regions and quadrants of the abdomen (diagram)
Which fascia is firmly attached to the linea alba and pubic symphysis?
Deep Scarpa's fascia, which is a thinner and denser membranous layer overlying the muscle layer of the abdominal wall. It is firmly attached to the linea alba and pubic symphysis and fuses with the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh) right below the inguinal ligament.
Where is the anterolateral abdominal wall?
The anterolateral abdominal wall spans the anterior and lateral sides of the abdomen. It can be divided into several topographical areas, which are used to describe the location of abdominal organs and the pain associated with them:
How to palpate kidneys in a supine patient?
The major organs of concern associated with the posterior abdominal wall are the kidneys. Enlarged kidneys can be palpated in a supine patient using a technique called balloting. Once all clinical protocols are followed (introduction and informing the patient, etc.) and the patient is adequately exposed, the left hand is placed palm up in the costovertebral angle (angle between the 12th rib and the vertebral column) and the right hand is placed in the right upper quadrant (or left) with the palm facing downwards. Ask the patient to take a deep breath and at maximal inspiration, press the right hand downwards in an attempt to appreciate any renal enlargement.
What are the three layers of the abdominal wall?
In medical vernacular, the term 'abdominal wall' most commonly refers to the layers composing the anterior abdominal wall which, in addition to the layers mentioned above, includes the three layers of muscle: the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus).
What is the abdominal wall?
In anatomy, the abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the anterolateral and posterior walls.
What is an overview of the abdominal wall?
An overview is given of the layers of the abdominal wall that helps getting a good general overview and understanding.
Why are the layers of the fascia and intermediate tissue layers confusing?
They can be confusing, also because the layers may have different names at different locations in the abdomen.
What is the coelomic sac?
coelomic sac = peritoneal sac. mesothelial lining = peritoneum. extracoelomic tissue = tissue outside to the peritoneum. Finally, note that this video describes two layers of the external oblique muscle, and four abdominal wall muscle layers, which is uncommon. Most textbooks don't distinguish layers of the external oblique muscle ...
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What is abdominal wall closure?
The abdominal wall is defined cranially by the xiphoid process of the sternum and the costal margins and caudally by the iliac and pubic bones of the pelvis. It extends to the lumbar spine, which joins the thorax and pelvis and is a point of attachment for some abdominal wall structures [ 1 ].
How many layers are there in the abdominal wall?
Knowledge of the layered structure of the abdominal wall permits efficient and safe entry into the peritoneal cavity. There are nine layers to the abdominal wall: skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, transversalis fascia, preperitoneal adipose ...
What are the factors that affect the contour of the abdomen?
The contour of the abdomen is dependent upon age, muscle mass, muscle tone, obesity, intra-abdominal pathology, parity, and posture. These factors may significantly alter topography and become a major obstacle to proper incision selection and placement [ 2 ].
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What are the ligaments that attach to the abdominal wall?
Ligaments. Attached to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall are double layered folds called peritoneal ligaments. These ligaments hold viscera to the abdominal walls and two or more viscera together. These abdominal ligaments are mostly named according to the structures they hold.
What is the intra abdominal fascia?
The intra-abdominal or the endoabdominal fascia is a membranous sheet of varying thickness lining the internal aspect of the deep muscular layer of the abdominal wall. It has two layers, a relatively firm one lining the deep surface of the deepest muscular layer of abdominal wall, called the transversalis fascia and a second layer which blends with the parietal peritoneum. The second one is more flexible than the transversalis fascia. Between these two layers there is a variable amount of adipose tissue, the extraperitoneal fat.
How many layers are there in the abdominal wall?
The deep or investing fasciae of the abdominal walls are made up of three layers: They respectively invest each of the three muscular layers of the abdominal wall directly. They attach to the external aspects of the muscle layers and their aponeuroses, making the separation from one another difficult.
What is the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?
The superficial fascia contains the superficial epigastric artery and vein. Once you peel away the superficial fascia, its deep surface consists of a fatty layer (Campar's fascia).
What are the folds of the peritoneum?
Various folds or reflections of the peritone um connect viscera to the abdominal walls or to one another. Some of these are properly called folds, for example the omentum ( greater and lesser omentum ), some are called mesenteries and others ligaments. A peritoneal ligament consists of a double layer of peritoneum ...
What is the cavity of the lumbar vertebral column?
The cavity is defined by the musculoaponeurotic anterolateral abdominal walls, and posteriorly, by a posterior abdominal wall, which includes the lumbar vertebral column.
What is the abdominal wall?
Fasciae and ligaments of the abdominal wall. The abdomen is the region of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis. It is a flexible dynamic container, housing most of the organs of the digestive system and part of the urogenital system. Those structures are contained in its cavity, the abdominal cavity.
What is the role of mesoblasts in the development of the abdominal wall?
As the embryo changes shape, the mesoblast layer starts to form and plays a vital role in the development of the basic abdominal wall structures. At about 3 to 4 weeks, the abdominal and thoracic cavities are distinct, and the folding of the embryo starts to develop along two perpendicular axes but in four directions: caudal, cranial, and laterally on each side. The cranial fold will contain the embryonic derivatives that eventually will come from the epigastric and thoracic walls. The caudal fold will lead to the development of the bladder, hindgut, and hypogastrium. The lateral folds will lead to the development of the lateral abdominal walls and midgut.
Why do surgeons need to understand the anatomy of the abdominal wall?
Surgeons need to understand the anatomy of the abdominal wall so that the correct incision is made when entering the abdominal cavity. [7][8]
What are the muscles in the abdominal wall?
The three flat muscles include the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. The flat muscles flex and rotate the trunk. Because the fibers of these muscles criss-cross and interlink with each other, they also strengthen the abdominal wall and reduce the risk of herniation. [4][5][6]
Where is the abdominal wall located?
The abdominal wall surrounds the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal cavity, where many important organs are located. [1][2][3]
How to assist expiration?
Assisting expiration by pushing the abdominal organs towards the diaphragm.
What is the umbilical ring?
The umbilical ring contains the umbilical vessels, allantois, vitelline duct, extraembryonic coelom, and associated vitelline vessels.
Where is the pyramidal muscle located?
Pyramidalis - vertical muscle shaped like a triangle. It is located superficial to the rectus abdominis and located at the base of the pubic bone. The apex of the triangle attaches to the linea alba.
What is the purpose of compressing abdominal contents?
Compress the abdominal contents to maintain or increase the intra-abdominal pressure, oppose the diaphragm (increased intra-abdominal pressure facilitates expulsion)..elevate diaphragm
How many regions of the abdominal cavity are there?
Clinicians refer to nine regions of the abdominal cavity to descibe the location of abdominal organs, pains or pathologies
What are the vessels in the sheath?
also found in the sheath are the superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins, lymphatic vessels, T7-T12 nerves
What separates the throacic cavity from the throacic cavity?
Separated from throacic cavity by thoracic diaphragm
Which layer of the perineal fascia continues inferiorly into the perineal region?
This layer continues inferiorly into the perineal region as the superficial perineal fascia (COLLES Fascia), but not into the thighs
Which layer of the abdomen is a superficial fatty layer?
The superficial fascia (sub cutaneous) layer is modified in the lower abdomen to include a superficial fatty layer and a deep membranous layer.
Which incision has less tendency to gape than those crossing them?
Parallel Incisions have less tendency to gape than those crossing them
