What was the result of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Pilgrimage of Grace, (1536), a rising in the northern counties of England, the only overt immediate discontent shown against the Reformation legislation of King Henry VIII. Part of the resentment was caused by attempts, especially under Henry’s minister Thomas Cromwell, to increase government control in the north;
Who were the key people in the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Key People: Thomas Darcy, Lord Darcy Thomas Howard, 3rd duke of Norfolk Pilgrimage of Grace, (1536), a rising in the northern counties of England, the only overt immediate discontent shown against the Reformation legislation of King Henry VIII.
Who was the author of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
The account within the article was written by the Tudor chronicler Edward Hall. The Pilgrimage of Grace was the worst uprising of Henry VIII’s reign. It was a direct result of the dissolution of the monasteries, a policy which confused and angered most Englishmen.
What is the JSTOR number for the Pilgrimage of Grace?
JSTOR 650480. ^ Davies, C. S. L. (December 1968). "The Pilgrimage of Grace Reconsidered". Past & Present (41): 55–74. JSTOR 650003. ^ Wood, Andy (2002). Riot, rebellion and popular politics in early modern England.
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How many people were executed in the pilgrimage?
Sporadic riots in January and February 1537 enabled the government to deal with the troubles piecemeal; about 220–250 men were executed, including Darcy and Aske. The pilgrimage achieved nothing and received no support from other parts of the country.
When did the Pilgrimage of Grace begin?
By 1539 the foundations, both great and small, were…. …northern pro-Catholic rebellion, called the Pilgrimage of Grace, began on Oct. 1, 1536, in Lincolnshire.
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536–1537) was an uprising of tens of thousands of people, clergy and conservatives, against King Henry VIII. They sought the reduction of taxes, the re-establishment of the Catholic church and the pope as the religious leader in England, and the replacement of Henry's main advisors. None of their demands were met, and ...
Where did the pilgrimage of Grace take place?
The Pilgrimage of Grace was an uprising, or rather several uprisings, that took place in the north of England between 1536 and 1537. The people rose against what they saw as the heretical and tyrannical rule of Henry VIII and his chief minister Thomas Cromwell. Tens of thousands of people in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire were involved in the uprising, ...
What Chance Did the Pilgrimage of Grace Have Against Henry VIII?
Sketch of Mount Grace Priory, c16th century, (c1990-2010). General view of the priory before dissolution in 1539 by King Henry VIII. Mount Grace Priory, in the parish of East Harlsey, North Yorkshire, England, one of ten medieval Carthusian houses (charterhouses), founded in 1398 by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey. Artist Ivan Lapper, King Henry VIII. English Heritage / Heritage Images / Getty Images
How much money would the dissolution of the monasteries bring?
The potential worth raised by the dissolution of the monasteries would be a huge influx of cash. The estimated total revenue of the religious houses in England was UK £130,000 per year—between 64 billion and 34 trillion pounds in today's currency .
How did the country come to such a dangerous place?
How the country came to such a dangerous place started with King Henry's romantic entanglements and search to secure an heir. After 24 years of being a jovial, married and Catholic king, Henry divorced his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn in January of 1533, shocking Catherine's supporters.
Why did the insurgents cross class lines?
The insurgents crossed class lines, uniting commoners, gentlemen, and lords together for a few brief moments to protest social, economic, and political changes they observed . They believed the issues resulted from Henry's naming himself the Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England.
Where is Mount Grace?
Mount Grace Priory, in the parish of East Harlsey, North Yorkshire, England, one of ten medieval Carthusian houses (charterhouses), founded in 1398 by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey. Artist Ivan Lapper, King Henry VIII.
Where did the Pilgrimage of Grace take place?
Between late 1536 and 1537 a number of revolts against the king took place in Northern England. These were collectively known as the ‘Pilgrimage of Grace’. However, strictly, the Pilgrimage of Grace only refers to the revolt that occurred in Yorkshire between October and December 1536. The first of the uprisings occurred in Lincolnshire in October ...
How many men were in the Pilgrims?
At this stage, the so-called Pilgrims numbered 35,000 men. They were well armed and well equipped. Henry ordered the Duke of Norfolk and the Earl of Shrewsbury north to confront the rebels. However, both men could only raise about 8,000 men so they would have been heavily outnumbered in battle.
What was the difference between the Pilgrimage of Grace and the Yorkshire Uprising?
The Yorkshire Uprising – the Pilgrimage of Grace – was very similar to the one in Lincolnshire. ‘Commoners’ made up the bulk of the numbers while nobles were also in its ranks. However, one major difference was that the Yorkshire rebels were well led. Robert Aske, an able lawyer from an important Yorkshire family, ...
How much of a threat was the Pilgrimage of Grace to Henry?
How much of a threat was the Pilgrimage of Grace to Henry? The king tried to play it off as a minor rebellion in one of the more outlying areas of his kingdom. Few, if anyone, in the royal court would have dared to contradict the king, especially as Henry had crushed the rebellion. However, many historians now consider the rebellion to have been the greatest internal threat that Henry had to face in his reign. They base their judgement on the basis that it would have been very difficult for Henry to have gathered together an army that was big enough to fight against the 35,000 men in the rebellion. There is also no evidence that Henry had anyone capable of handling such a large military force even if he had been able to raise so many men. It is also accepted that anger was not just a preserve of the north. If the rebels had marched south it is almost certain that others would have joined them. Therefore, as the rebels marched south, their numbers may well have grown greatly. There was also the real fear that a foreign nation would use the disruption that the rebels would have caused to attack England in the south. With Henry’s army engaged against the rebels, there would have been little to stop a landing on the Kent/Sussex coast. If the Pope denounced Henry and urged all Catholics to assist the rebels, Henry’s position would have been even weaker.
What did the defeat of the Pilgrimage of Grace give Henry the freedom to do?
The defeat of that same army gave Henry the freedom to move ahead with what he wanted to achieve. Historians have written about ‘what might have happened’ with regards to the Pilgrimage of Grace. It wanted Henry to change his religious policies for a start.
When were the 24 articles presented to Norfolk?
The ’24 Articles’ were presented to Norfolk at Doncaster on December 6 th. It was agreed that if the rebels disbanded:
Who coined the phrase "Pilgrimage of Grace"?
It was Aske who coined the phrase ‘Pilgrimage of Grace’ to describe their actions. This term, it is thought, was deliberately chosen. Pilgrims came from the word pilgrimage and this was the holy slant that Aske wanted to put on the rebellion.
What was the purpose of the pilgrimage of Grace?
Participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace ( act. 1536–1537 ), were involved in the most serious of all Tudor rebellions, which affected the whole of the north of England when it broke out in the autumn of 1536. While most historians still regard the pilgrimage as largely a rising of the commons and the lower clergy against the innovatory religious and economic policies of Henry VIII's government, a minority have interpreted it as a conspiracy by conservative members of the northern nobility to overthrow the revolutionary regime of the king's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell.
What happened to the pilgrimage in Yorkshire?
At the very time the pilgrimage was gathering strength in Yorkshire the Lincolnshire rising collapsed. Reports of the king's grave displeasure, coinciding with the arrival at Stamford of an army under the command of Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, had the effect of detaching the Lincolnshire gentry from the commons. The gentlemen sued for pardon and on 11 October the now leaderless commons dispersed. Suffolk had succeeded in reimposing order upon the county by the end of the month.
Who was the leader of the pilgrims in York?
Across the Humber, however, matters proceeded very differently. On 16 October the pilgrims marched ceremoniously through York, and Aske gave order for the dispossessed religious to be restored to their houses. After staying in the city for a few days he then went south to lay siege to Pontefract Castle, where Edward Lee, archbishop of York, and some forty knights and gentlemen had taken refuge. Though its commander, Thomas Darcy, Baron Darcy, had made increasingly frantic appeals for reinforcements, no aid had got through, and he surrendered the castle on 21 October. The prisoners were required by the rebels to switch their allegiance. Lee himself took the oath to them, probably without enthusiasm, and some of the secular nobility, notably the sixth earl of Northumberland, Ralph Neville, fourth earl of Westmorland, and John Neville, third Baron Latimer, also seem to have yielded to pressure and professed loyalty to the pilgrims' cause. But others, particularly Lord Darcy and Sir Robert Constable of Flamborough, became zealous converts, and from this date Aske tended to defer to the judgement of his social superiors.
Where did the conflagration take place?
The conflagration began on 2 October 1536 at Louth in Lincolnshire when, following an inflammatory sermon on the previous day by the vicar, Thomas Kendall, a mob that was already excited by rumours that the king intended to confiscate the treasures of parish churches and tax baptisms, marriages, and funerals (among much else), seized the bishop of Lincoln's registrar, who had arrived in the town to carry out an examination of the secular clergy. Next day the rising spread to Caistor. Egged on by their priests, as they progressed the commons compelled the local gentry to come in, while at Horncastle on 4 October they lynched the bishop's chancellor, John Reynes. On their approach to Sleaford, John Hussey, Baron Hussey, the major landowner in the area, turned tail and fled, while another opponent of the royal supremacy, Matthew Mackarell, abbot of Barlings, as well as religious from Bardney, Kirkstead, and some other monasteries, openly supported their cause. Having converged upon Lincoln on 6 October they set about listing their grievances.
Who was responsible for the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Although Aske and other leaders of the original Pilgrimage of Grace tried to defuse Bigod's revolt, they were held responsible. Aske and his friends were arrested, tried for treason, and executed at London in June 1537. The entire north of the country was placed under martial law and roughly 250 people were hanged, ...
Who led the army in the Battle of the Pilgrims?
He sent an army led by Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, north to confront the "pilgrims". Howard played for time, receiving the rebel demands and negotiating while he brought more troops into position. The rebels at first defied the royal troops, and a battle seemed inevitable.
What was Henry VIII's attack on the Catholic Church?
But not everyone was happy with Henry's vigorous dismantling of Catholic power in England. The first wave of discontent surfaced in October 1536, when a large force of rebels occupied the city of Lincoln.
Who was the Archbishop of York who supported Aske?
Aske was supported by no less a personage than Henry Lee, Archbishop of York. In addition to their complaints against religious policy Aske's rebels added objections to the high rents and taxes faced by the poor.
Religious, Political, and Economic Climate in England
Henry's Fiscal Issues
The Sticking Points
The First Uprising: Lincolnshire, October 1–18Th, 1536
The Second Uprising, Yorkshire, October 6, 1536–January 1537
A Carefully Orchestrated Delay
Norfolk's Charge
End of The Pilgrimage of Grace
- In all, about 216 people were executed, although not all the records of the executions were kept. In 1538–1540, groups of royal commissions toured the country and demanded that the remaining monks surrender their lands and goods. Some didn't (Glastonbury, Reading, Colchester)–and they were all executed. By 1540, all but seven of the monasteries wer...
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