How long did Indonesia claim independence from the Dutch?
How long did Dutch colonialism last in Indonesia?
Why did the Dutch start slavery?
Why did the Dutch build the highway?
Why did the Dutch go to Indonesia?
When did the Dutch surrender to the British?
How did Indonesia fight Dutch colonialism?
See 2 more
When did Dutch rule end in Indonesia?
Crisis Phase (August 17, 1945-October 12, 1945): Achmed Sukarno and Mohammed Hatta proclaimed the independence of the Dutch East Indies, and established the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945.
What year Dutch came to Indonesia?
The Dutch arrived in Indonesia in 1595 looking for natural resources and a place to take over.
What did the Dutch call Indonesia?
Netherlands East IndiesDutch East Indies, also called Netherlands East Indies, Dutch Nederlands Oost-Indië or Nederlandsch-Indië, one of the overseas territories of the Netherlands until December 1949, now Indonesia.
What was Indonesia called before the Dutch?
Indonesia was formerly known as the Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies).
Did the Dutch unite Indonesia?
The Netherlands-Indonesia Union was a confederal relationship between the Netherlands and Indonesia that existed between 1949 and 1956....Netherlands-Indonesia Union.Netherlands-Indonesia Union Nederlands-Indonesische Unie Uni Indonesia–Belanda• 1949–1956JulianaHistory• Established27 December 1949• Union dissolved195612 more rows
Who first discovered Indonesia?
Europeans such as the Portuguese arrived in Indonesia from the 16th century seeking to monopolise the sources of valuable nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku. In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power by 1610.
How many Dutch people live in Indonesia?
900,000Indo peopleIndische Nederlanders Orang IndoUnknownRegions with significant populationsNetherlandsc. 1,500,000 (ancestry)Indonesia900,000 (ancestry)10 more rows
What did the Dutch do in Indonesia?
Slave trading was widely carried out during the Dutch colonial period in Indonesia. Especially in North Sumatra, human trading for plantation workers, known as coolies, was widely practiced around 150 years ago.
What was the Dutch dominance over Indonesia?
From the arrival of the first Dutch ships in the late 16th century, to the declaration of independence in 1945, Dutch control over the Indonesian archipelago was always tenuous. Although Java was dominated by the Dutch, many areas remained independent throughout much of this time, including Aceh, Bali, Lombok and Borneo. There were numerous wars and disturbances across the archipelago as various indigenous groups resisted efforts to establish a Dutch hegemony, which weakened Dutch control and tied up its military forces. Piracy remained a problem until the mid-19th century. Finally in the early 20th century, imperial dominance was extended across what was to become the territory of modern-day Indonesia.
When did Indonesia become a country?
The Netherlands formally recognized Indonesian sovereignty at the 1949 Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference with the exception of the Netherlands New Guinea ( Western New Guinea ), which was ceded to Indonesia 14 years later in 1963 under the provisions of the New York Agreement.
What countries tried to defend the Dutch East Indies?
The Netherlands, Britain and the United States tried to defend the colony from the Japanese forces as they moved south in late 1941 in search of Dutch oil. On 10 January 1942, during the Dutch East Indies Campaign, Japanese forces invaded the Dutch East Indies as part of the Pacific War.
What were the islands of Indonesia before the Europeans arrived?
Centuries before Europeans arrived, the Indonesian archipelago supported various states, including commercially oriented coastal trading states and inland agrarian states (the most important were Srivijaya and Majapahit ). The islands were known to the Europeans and were sporadically visited by expeditions such as that of Marco Polo in 1292, and his fellow Italian Odoric of Pordenone in 1321. The first Europeans to establish themselves in Indonesia were the Portuguese in 1512. Following disruption of Dutch access to spices, the first Dutch expedition set sail for the East Indies in 1595 to access spices directly from Asia. When it made a 400% profit on its return, other Dutch expeditions soon followed. Recognising the potential of the East Indies trade, the Dutch government amalgamated the competing companies into the United East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC).
How many films were made in the Dutch East Indies?
A total of 112 fictional films are known to have been produced in the Dutch East Indies between 1926 and the colony's dissolution in 1949. The earliest motion pictures, imported from abroad, were shown in late 1900, and by the early 1920s imported serials and fictional films were being shown, often with localised names. Dutch companies were also producing documentary films about the Indies to be shown in the Netherlands. The first locally produced film, Loetoeng Kasaroeng, was directed by L. Heuveldorp and released on 31 December 1926. Between 1926 and 1933 numerous other local productions were released. During the mid-1930s, production dropped as a result of the Great Depression. The rate of production declined again after the Japanese occupation beginning in early 1942, closing all but one film studio. The majority of films produced during the occupation were Japanese propaganda shorts. Following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence in 1945 and during the ensuing revolution several films were made, by both pro-Dutch and pro-Indonesian backers.
What was the Dutch East Indies?
The Dutch East Indies was one of the most valuable colonies under European rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in the 19th to early 20th century.
How many people were in Java in 1898?
In 1898, the population of Java numbered 28 million with another 7 million on Indonesia's outer islands. The first half of 20th century saw large-scale immigration of Dutch and other Europeans to the colony, where they worked in either the government or private sectors. By 1930, there were more than 240,000 people with European legal status in the colony, making up less than 0.5% of the total population. Almost 75% of these Europeans were in fact native Eurasians known as Indo-Europeans.
When did the Netherlands recognize Indonesia?
On 27 December 1949, after four years of sporadic warfare and fierce criticism of the Dutch by the UN, the Netherlands officially recognised Indonesian sovereignty under the federal structure of the United States of Indonesia (RUSI).
When did the Portuguese come to Indonesia?
Europeans such as the Portuguese arrived in Indonesia from the 16th century seeking to monopolise the sources of valuable nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku. In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power by 1610.
What happened in 1975 in Timor?
In 1975, the Carnation Revolution in Portugal caused authorities there to announce plans for decolonisation of Portuguese Timor, the eastern half of the island of Timor whose western half was a part of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. In the East Timorese elections held in 1975, Fretilin, a left-leaning party, and UDT, aligned with the local elite, emerged as the largest parties, having previously formed an alliance to campaign for independence from Portugal. Apodeti, a party advocating integration with Indonesia, enjoyed little popular support.
What territory did the Dutch control?
At the time of independence, the Dutch retained control over the western half of New Guinea ( also known as West Irian ), and permitted steps towards self-government and a declaration of independence on 1 December 1961. After negotiations with the Dutch on the incorporation of the territory into Indonesia failed, an Indonesian paratroop invasion 18 December preceded armed clashes between Indonesian and Dutch troops in 1961 and 1962. In 1962 the United States pressured the Netherlands into secret talks with Indonesia which in August 1962 produced the New York Agreement, and Indonesia assumed administrative responsibility for West Irian on 1 May 1963.
What was the colonial era?
Colonial era. Dutch settlement in the East Indies. Batavia (now Jakarta ), Java, c. 1665 CE. Beginning in the 16th century, successive waves of Europeans—the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English—sought to dominate the spice trade at its sources in India and the 'Spice Islands' ( Maluku) of Indonesia.
How many islands are there in Indonesia?
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands (8,844 named and 922 permanently inhabited) stretching along ...
What are the influences of the archipelago?
The archipelago's landforms and climate significantly influenced agriculture and trade, and the formation of states . The boundaries of the state of Indonesia match the 20th-century borders of the Dutch East Indies .
Who conquered Indonesia?
The Dutch began colonizing Indonesia under the leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen in 1619. They conquered Prince Jayakarta and built the city of Batavia near the old city of Sunda Kelapa. (the location of Prince Jayakarta palace itself is debatable today).
What was Indonesia's independence from?
In 1942, Japan occupied the country for three years. Then after Japan’s defeat in World War 3, East Indies proclaimed their independence and renamed their country Indonesia. But Netherlands once again tried to take over the country, and Indonesia stood up to fight Netherlands, it was called Indonesian War of Independence 1945–1949. Actually the Dutch won the military war (Indonesia lost tens of thousands of lives more than the Dutch) but Indonesia won politically. Finally, after much pressures from international world, Netherlands signed the agreement to transfer the sovereignty to Indonesia in December 1949 (except the Netherlands New Guinea, the territory was freed in 1962 from the Dutch, later in 1969 to be integrated in Indonesia)
What is the Dutch party's motto?
Perhaps not with a full majority, but by promises of flag-waving and anthem-singing they convince some Christian and Senior Citizens MPs to let them rule by ´gedoogsteun´ (confidence and supply). Their motto is Make Netherlands Great Again , their primary goal to re-establish the Dutch East Indies. The Royal Family happens to be on holiday in Greece so the King is unavailable to receive the credentials of the new coalition. Mr Wilders and Mr Baudet swear themselves in on a Staten Bible and a Latin Primer respectively.
How long did the Netherlands colonize the East Indies?
So, in my opinion The Netherlands colonized The East Indies since 1800 to 1942 = 142 years. 1945 - 1950 was the struggle for independence.
When did Cornelis De Houtman first arrive in Indonesia?
Cornelis De Houtman and his fellow countrymen first arrived in 1596. In 1602, VOC a megacorporation was built to do spice trading in some places in the archipelago. That time there was no concept of Indonesia, it hadn’t been born (The dutch called it ‘The East Indies’). There were many local kingdoms spread across the archipelago. VOC was quite smart enough to slowly but surely conquer the kingdom one by one.
What is the name of the Islamic sultanate in Sumatera?
1. Aceh Sultanate, an Islamic sultanate that is situated in Sumatera. Most people speak Acehnese. Have good relations with Arabian countries.
What would happen if Indonesia hadn't been colonized?
If Indonesia hadn't been colonized, Indonesia would never have been existed. I am pretty sure that there would have been a lot of kingdoms, sultanates, republics, etc. In the past, Indonesia was an archipelago with a lot of kingdoms and sultanates that had good relations and traded their goods with Indians, Chinese, Arabs. Well here is my alternate future of Indonesia:
How long did Indonesia claim independence from the Dutch?
Here was the end of the Dutch colonization in Indonesia. Finally, Indonesia today could claim its independence for more than 62 years. No matter what, history was just a history. Many lessons could be taken from the history.
How long did Dutch colonialism last in Indonesia?
The Dutch colonialism in Indonesia was noted as the long period of colonialism ever. It had occurred for 350 years. Dutch in Indonesia is inseparable from the success of Portuguese and Spanish in finding the source of spices in the archipelago. Before coming to Indonesia, Dutch merchants usually buy spices in Lisbon (the Portuguese capital).
Why did the Dutch start slavery?
The slavery system began to be implemented after the Dutch felt successful to carry out trade monopoly and brought much profit. The Dutch even commanded the slaves and workers of VOC to produce spices and grains as what Dutch requested. Because of the cruelty of Dutch through VOC, they even fought against to the Kingdoms in Indonesia such as Mataram and Banten.
Why did the Dutch build the highway?
The Dutch under Daendels authorization built a highway from Anyer to Panarukan, by establishing a system of forced labor / corvee work for the people of Indonesia. It was famous with kerja Rodi which meant the Indonesians local people worked continuously under pressure without any foods, wage, and the proper of rest time. Some of the workers even died or murdered while building the highway. However, because of getting caught in violating the Law that regulates the sale of state-owned land Illegally, Daendels was withdrawn from his post.
Why did the Dutch go to Indonesia?
The Dutch expedition to Indonesia was started when Cournelis de Houtman and Pieter Keyzer sent by Dutch merchants to Lisbon, Portugal was seeking information on the existence of “spice islands” Indonesia.
When did the Dutch surrender to the British?
Finally, the Dutch were forced to surrender to the British, and signed the Treaty of Tuntang Capitulation in 1811. Since then, Indonesia had been taken over by the British government. See also: Historical Relics in Indonesia. The Dutch colonialism under Vand Bosch.
How did Indonesia fight Dutch colonialism?
Finally, the strength of all Indonesians grew step by step. They started to fight against the Dutch colonialism through diplomacy and war. By established some Indonesian unity for fighting independence, they could grow up the system. Some of national organizations were created such as Muhammadiyah, PNI, Gerakan Pemuda, and many others. World War II also became one of the factors of the collapse of Dutch power in Indonesia. Here was the end of the Dutch colonization in Indonesia.
Overview
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Indonesian: Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.
During the 19th century, the Dutch possessions and hegemony expanded, reaching the greatest t…
Etymology
The word Indies comes from Latin: Indus (Names for India). The original name Dutch Indies (Dutch: Nederlandsch-Indië) was translated by the English as the Dutch East Indies, to keep it distinct from the Dutch West Indies. The name Dutch Indies is recorded in the Dutch East India Company's documents of the early 1620s.
Scholars writing in English use the terms Indië, Indies, the Dutch East Indies, the Netherlands Ind…
History
Centuries before Europeans arrived, the Indonesian archipelago supported various states, including commercially oriented coastal trading states and inland agrarian states (the most important were Srivijaya and Majapahit). The islands were known to the Europeans and were sporadically visited by expeditions such as that of Marco Polo in 1292, and his fellow Italian Odoric of …
Government
Since the VOC era, the highest Dutch authority in the colony resided with the 'office of the governor-general'. During the Dutch East Indies era the governor-general functioned as chief executive president of colonial government and served as commander-in-chief of the colonial army (KNIL). Until 1903 all government officials and organisations were formal agents of the governor-ge…
Demographics
In 1898, the population of Java numbered 28 million with another 7 million on Indonesia's outer islands. The first half of 20th century saw large-scale immigration of Dutch and other Europeans to the colony, where they worked in either the government or private sectors. By 1930, there were more than 240,000 people with European legal status in the colony, making up less than 0.5% of t…
Economy
The economic history of the colony was closely related to the economic health of the mother country. Despite increasing returns from the Dutch system of land tax, Dutch finances had been severely affected by the cost of the Java War and the Padri War, and the Dutch loss of Belgium in 1830 brought the Netherlands to the brink of bankruptcy. In 1830, a new governor-general, Johannes van den Bo…
Culture
Across the archipelago, hundreds of native languages are used, and Malay or Portuguese Creole, the existing languages of trade, were adopted. Prior to 1870, when Dutch colonial influence was largely restricted to Java, Malay was used in government schools and training programs such that graduates could communicate with groups from other regions who immigrated to Java. The co…
Colonial heritage in the Netherlands
When the Dutch Royal Family was established in 1815, much of its wealth came from Colonial trade.
Universities such as the Royal Leiden University founded in the 16th century have developed into leading knowledge centres about Southeast Asian and Indonesian studies. Leiden University has produced academics such as Coloni…
Overview
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars of conquest, the spread of Islam from the island of Sumatra in the 7th century AD and the establishment of Islamic kingdoms, as well as by trade Bowls, Jars, Jugs and so on, economics and politics . Indonesia is an archipelagic country of 17,000 to 18,000 islands (8,844 named and 922 permanently inhabited) stretching along the equator in South …
The emergence of Indonesia
In October 1908, the first nationalist movement was formed, Budi Utomo. On 10 September 1912, the first nationalist mass movement was formed: Sarekat Islam. By December 1912, Sarekat Islam had 93,000 members. The Dutch responded after the First World War with repressive measures. The nationalist leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom had been educated in the Netherlands. In the post–World War I era, the Indonesian comm…
Prehistory
In 2007, an analysis of cut marks on two bovid bones found in Sangiran, showed them to have been made 1.5 to 1.6 million years ago by clamshell tools. This is the oldest evidence for the presence of early humans in Indonesia. Fossilised remains of Homo erectus in Indonesia, popularly known as the "Java Man" were first discovered by the Dutch anatomist Eugène Dubois at Trinil in 1891, and are at least 700,000 years old. Other H. erectus fossils of a similar age were found at S…
Hindu-Buddhist civilizations
Indonesia like much of Southeast Asia was influenced by Indian culture. From the 2nd century, through the Indian dynasties like the Pallava, Gupta, Pala and Chola in the succeeding centuries up to the 12th century, Indian culture spread across all of Southeast Asia.
References to the Dvipantara or Yawadvipa, a Hindu kingdom in Java and Sumatra appear in Sanskrit writings from 200 BCE. In India's earliest epic, the Ramayana, Sugriva, the chief of Rama's army di…
The age of Islamic states
The earliest accounts of the Indonesian archipelago date from the Abbasid Caliphate, according to those early accounts the Indonesian archipelago were famous among early Muslim sailors mainly due to its abundance of precious spice trade commodities such as nutmeg, cloves, galangal and many other spices.
Although Muslim traders first travelled through South East Asia early in the Islamic era, the sprea…
Colonial era
Beginning in the 16th century, successive waves of Europeans—the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English—sought to dominate the spice trade at its sources in India and the 'Spice Islands' (Maluku) of Indonesia. This meant finding a way to Asia to cut out Muslim merchants who, with their Venetian outlet in the Mediterranean, monopolised spice imports to Europe. Astronomically priced at the time, spices were highly coveted not only to preserve and make poorly preserved m…
Sukarno's presidency
With the unifying struggle to secure Indonesia's independence over, divisions in Indonesian society began to appear. These included regional differences in customs, religion, the impact of Christianity and Marxism, and fears of Javanese political domination. Following colonial rule, Japanese occupation, and war against the Dutch, the new country suffered from severe poverty, a ruinous economy, low educational and skills levels, and authoritarian traditions. Challenges to th…
The New Order
Described as the great dalang ("puppet master"), Sukarno's position depended on balancing the opposing and increasingly hostile forces of the army and the PKI. Sukarno's anti-imperialist ideology saw Indonesia increasingly dependent on Soviet and then communist China. By 1965, the PKI was the largest communist party in the world outside the Soviet Union or China. Penetrating all levels of government, the party increasingly gained influence at the expense of the army.