Around 5000 B.C. Germanic tribes invented the first saw. They nicked small teeth into half moon shaped flints. Whether these saws were used for working on wood is not known. After the discovery of copper this was used, in the form of bronze, to produce axes and saws (with axes not only could trees be felled, but also adversaries).
Who invented the first saw?
According to Chinese legend, the saw was invented by Lu Ban. [5] In Greek mythology, as recounted by Ovid, [6] Talos, the nephew of Daedalus, invented the saw. In archeological reality, saws date back to prehistory and most probably evolved from Neolithic stone or bone tools.
When was the Flint saw invented?
The first flint saws appeared during the early Paleolithic Era, between 60,000 and 10,000 B.C. Stone saws and composite saws made of stone bladelets or "microliths" set into a bone handle also were made during this time.
When was the first saw used in ancient Egypt?
In ancient Egypt, open (unframed) saws made of copper are documented as early as the Early Dynastic Period, circa 3,100–2,686 BC. [3] [page needed] Many copper saws were found in tomb No. 3471 dating to the reign of Djer in the 31st century BC. [4] Saws have been used for cutting a variety of materials, including humans ( death by sawing ).
How did the first table saw work?
As with the spinning wheel, early prototypes of the circular table saw were powered by a treadle — a pump on the floor that was pushed by foot to make the saw spin. Saws during this time were not mechanical, nor were they portable. These early models of the circular saw table were used in America throughout the 1800s.
How to tell if a saw blade is wider than the blade?
Diagram showing the teeth of a saw blade when looking front-on. The teeth protrude to the left and right, so that the saw cut (kerf) is wider than the blade width. The term set describes how much the teeth protrude. The kerf may be sometimes be wider than the set, depending on wobble and other factors.
What was the first saw blade made of?
Once mankind had learned how to use iron, it became the preferred material for saw blades of all kinds; some cultures learned how to harden the surface ("case hardening" or "steeling"), prolonging the blade's life and sharpness. Steel, made of iron with moderate carbon content and hardened by quenching hot steel in water, was used as early as 1200 BC. By the end of the 17th century European manufacture centred on Germany, (the Bergisches Land) in London, and the Midlands of England. Most blades were made of steel (iron carbonised and re-forged by different methods). In the mid 18th century a superior form of completely melted steel ("crucible cast") began to be made in Sheffield, England, and this rapidly became the preferred material, due to its hardness, ductility, springiness and ability to take a fine polish. A small saw industry survived in London and Birmingham, but by the 1820s the industry was growing rapidly and increasingly concentrated in Sheffield, which remained the largest centre of production, with over 50% of the nation's saw makers. The US industry began to overtake it in the last decades of the century, due to superior mechanisation, better marketing, a large domestic market, and the imposition of high tariffs on imports. Highly productive industries continued in Germany and France.
What were saws made of?
Saws were also made of bronze and later iron. In the Iron Age, frame saws were developed holding the thin blades in tension.
What is an abrasive saw?
Abrasive saw: A saw that cuts with an abrasive disc or band, rather than a toothed blade. Back: the edge opposite the toothed edge. Fleam: The angle of the faces of the teeth relative to a line perpendicular to the face of the saw. Gullet: The valley between the points of the teeth. Heel: The end closest to the handle.
How many teeth does a saw have?
There is always one more point per inch than there are teeth per inch (e.g., a saw with 14 points per inch will have 13 teeth per inch, and a saw with 10 points per inch will have 9 teeth per inch). Some saws do not have the same number of teeth per inch throughout their entire length, but the vast majority do.
What is a saw used for?
Related. Milling cutter. A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through material, very often wood though sometimes metal or stone.
What is a Felloe saw?
Felloe saw ;: the narrowest-bladed variety of pit saw, up to 7 feet long and able to work the sharp curves of cart wheel felloes; a slightly wider blade, equally long, was called a stave saw, for cutting the staves for wooden casks;
What happened to John and Jill in Saw?
John and Jill eventually drifted apart and divorced. After this turn of events, John found himself trapped by his own complacency until he was diagnosed with inoperable cancer. Extremely bitter over his squandered life and the loss of his unborn son, John began observing the lives of others and became even more depressed as he saw those around him squandering the gift of life that he had just been denied. John went to a man named William Easton to get money for a cancer treatment, but was denied. Flashbacks from Saw II show that, after surviving a suicide attempt where he drove his car off a cliff, John was "reborn", and nurtured the idea that the only way for someone to change is for them to change themselves. Then, in Saw IV flashbacks, he designed the first trap and test for Cecil and decided to use the rest of his existence to design more of these "tests" or "games" as a form of "instant rehabilitation" that would change the world, "one person at a time". John was soon given the nickname "The Jigsaw Killer" (or "Jigsaw"), because he removed a puzzle-piece-shaped chunk of flesh from those who did not escape his traps. John stated that this name was given to him by the media, and that the cut piece of flesh was meant to represent that these victims were each missing something—what he called the "survival instinct".
What happened in Saw III and Saw IV?
The events of Saw III and Saw IV occur concurrently. Saw III begins with John, weakened and near death, confined to a makeshift hospital bed. Amanda has taken over his work, designing traps of her own; however, these traps are inescapable, as Amanda is convinced that John's traps have no effect and that people don't change. A kidnapped doctor is forced to keep John alive while another test is performed on Jeff, a man obsessed with vengeance against the drunk driver who killed his son. John, unwilling to allow a murderer to continue his legacy, designs a test for Amanda as well; she ultimately fails, and it results in the deaths of both John and Amanda. Saw IV, meanwhile, revolves around tests meant for Officer Daniel Rigg, which are overseen by Hoffman. Rigg fails his test, resulting in the death of Eric Matthews. Rigg is left to bleed to death by Hoffman, who later discovers the bodies of John and Amanda. When an autopsy is performed on John, a cassette tape coated in wax is found in his stomach; the tape informs Hoffman that he is wrong to think that it is all over just because John is dead, and he should not expect to go untested.
What happened in Saw 2?
He will trade Daniel Matthews ' life for Eric's time, conversing with him until the game is concluded. Eric loses his patience and assaults John, forcing him to take him to the house, only to discover that the video feed from inside the house had been pre-recorded, the events actually taking place much earlier; Eric's son was locked in a safe in John's warehouse, being kept alive with an oxygen tank. Eric is knocked unconscious by a masked figure and wakes up imprisoned in the bathroom from Saw, which is part of the foundation of the house. Amanda reveals herself to Eric as John's protégée before leaving him to die. In a flashback from Saw III, Eric manages to escape the bathroom by breaking his foot. He confronts and beats Amanda, demanding to know where his son is. Amanda fights him off and leaves him for dead. A flashback from Saw IV shows Hoffman later dragging Eric to a prison cell, keeping him alive for a future game.
How much did Saw 3 gross?
It is Lionsgate's fourth-highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada. Saw III placed first by grossing $33.6 million its opening weekend, making it the biggest Halloween debut ever and at the time, Lionsgate's highest-opening weekend. It is the highest-grossing film in the series worldwide.
How many Saw movies are there?
Saw is a splatter film franchise created by Australian film makers James Wan and Leigh Whannell. It consists of nine feature films and additional media. The first eight films primarily revolve around serial killer John Kramer, also called the "Jigsaw Killer" or simply "Jigsaw". He was introduced briefly in Saw and developed in more detail in Saw II ...
What is the movie "SAW"?
Saw, retrospectively referred to as Saw 0.5, is a 2003 short film that served as a promotional tool in pitching the film's potential to Lionsgate, included on the second disc of the uncut DVD release of Saw, released by itself, and on the Saw Trilogy DVD containing Saw Uncut Edition, Saw II Special Edition, and Saw III Director's Cut, packaged with a limited-edition 3D puppet head box version of Billy the Puppet .
Was Kramer murdered in Saw 3?
Despite the fact that Kramer was murdered in Saw III, the films continue to focus on the posthumous influence of the Jigsaw Killer and his apprentices by exploring his character via flashbacks . In 2003, Wan and Whannell made a short film to help pitch a potential feature film concept.
How many teeth does a hacksaw blade have?
Hacksaw blades with 24-32 te eth per inch (10-13 teeth per cm) must be set wavy. Other types of saws require a "raker set" in which every third tooth is left unset.
Why is the back of a handsaw ground thinner than the edge?
The back of a handsaw is ground thinner than the toothed edge to reduce friction during use. Handsaws are generally taper ground. The "set" or adjustment of the blade's teeth is crucial to the saw's effectiveness, so teeth are measured with a gauge made of plate steel that analyses three teeth at a time.
How did the Iron Age affect the use of saws?
Eventually it became apparent that increasing the number of teeth in a saw increased the efficiency of its use. Small saws were used for carpentry, with the Asian style of pull-saws being specifically used by the Ancient Egyptians. Hieroglyphics discovered in Egyptian monuments record the Egyptians' use of the saw in their methods of furniture making. Adjustments in saw design were made according to a saw's intended application. For example, spaced teeth allowed the saw to double as a rake after the cutting stroke, removing sawdust from the developing "kern" or cut.
What were small saws used for?
Small saws were used for carpentry, with the Asian style of pull-saws being specifically used by the Ancient Egyptians. Hieroglyphics discovered in Egyptian monuments record the Egyptians' use of the saw in their methods of furniture making. Adjustments in saw design were made according to a saw's intended application.
Why were wooden saws popular?
The popularity of the wooden frame saw among the early European settlers in America has been attributed to the scarcity of metal in the colonies at that time, as well as to the lack of wide-rolled steel. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, stronger, more durable saws were produced.
How many teeth does a coarse saw have?
A coarse saw has about five teeth per inch (two per cm), which is best when cutting green or soft wood. A fine saw, with at least eight teeth per inch (two per cm), can make smooth cuts in seasoned hardwood intended for show, or for more intricate constructions like dove-tailing.
What is a saw blade?
A saw is a hand tool with a toothed blade used to cut hard materials such as wood or bone. They are among the oldest known tools. Innovations made over thousands of years are still present in modern, mass-produced examples.
How much does a Stihl chainsaw weigh?
Stihl’s first gasoline chainsaw—the “Tree Felling Machine” – weighed 101 pounds. It was designed to be operated by two individuals. STIHL’S GASOLINE CHAINSAW was designed in 1950 for use by one person, and weighed 35 pounds, unlike the bulkiness of the earlier models.
How much did the first Stihl saw weigh?
The weight of Stihl’s first two-man operated saw, invented in 1927, was over 100 pounds, and had an output of 2.2kW. Stihl’s first two-man electric saw. 1929: Below is the Stihl type A, tree felling machine. Stihl’s first gasoline chainsaw—the “Tree Felling Machine” – weighed 101 pounds.
What is Rapco chainsaw used for?
In a world where chainsaws are most often used under severe conditions, for firewood cutting, stump removal, and other similar strenuous undertakings. Rapco meets the needs of their consumers, offering the excellence in workmanship that they expect.
Where are Stihl chainsaws made?
Engineered in Germany, Stihl’s chain saws are built in America, and are high on performance, versatility, and dependability; maintaining the excellent standard of STIHL; the Number One selling brand of chain saws. 1988: Stihl’s released their first chainsaw equipped with a Catalytic converter.
How far should you stop cutting with a chainsaw?
It is strongly suggested that the throttle be shut off, or released before withdrawing, or retiring, while carrying the chainsaw more than 50 feet, or over dangerous regions.
What is the history of chainsaws?
The history of the modern chainsaw is convoluted and incredible. It took expertise, brilliance, tedious work, and immense attention to detail, for the invention of this indispensable tool— the coveted staple of every arborist, and other laborers; which eliminates the need for axes—an outdated and tiresome undertaking!
What happens if you shake a saw handle?
Objects in your space, like chips of wood, leaves, or other debris may whizz around during your operation, and be harmful in several ways. The severe vibration from the saw handle may case physical injuries to your nerves, muscles, limbs, and other biological aspects of your body, specifically your ears.
Storyline
Waking up in a bathroom, two men, Adam and Dr. Lawrence Gordon, discover they have been captured by the infamous Jigsaw Killer. The men must escape before time runs out, otherwise, they will face the deadly consequences. — Rebekah Swain
Did you know
In order to make the actors feel what the characters were going through, all of the bathroom scenes were shot in chronological order.
Overview
A saw is a tool consisting of a tough blade, wire, or chain with a hard toothed edge. It is used to cut through material, very often wood, though sometimes metal or stone. The cut is made by placing the toothed edge against the material and moving it forcefully forth and less vigorously back or continuously forward. This force may be applied by hand, or powered by steam, water, electricity or other power source. An abrasive saw has a powered circular blade designed to cut through metal …
Terminology
• Abrasive saw: A saw that cuts with an abrasive disc or band, rather than a toothed blade.
• Back: the edge opposite the toothed edge.
• Fleam: The angle of the faces of the teeth relative to a line perpendicular to the face of the saw.
History
Saws were at first serrated materials such as flint, obsidian, sea shells and shark teeth.
In ancient Egypt, open (unframed) saws made of copper are documented as early as the Early Dynastic Period, circa 3,100–2,686 BC. Many copper saws were found in tomb No. 3471 dating to the reign of Djer in the 31st century BC. …
Types of saws
Hand saws typically have a relatively thick blade to make them stiff enough to cut through material. (The pull stroke also reduces the amount of stiffness required.) Thin-bladed handsaws are made stiff enough either by holding them in tension in a frame, or by backing them with a folded strip of steel (formerly iron) or brass (on account of which the latter are called "back saws.") Some ex…
Types of blades and blade cuts
Most blade teeth are made either of tool steel or carbide. Carbide is harder and holds a sharp edge much longer.
Band saw blade A long band welded into a circle, with teeth on one side. Compared to a circular-saw blade, it produces less waste because it is thinner, dissipates heat better because it is longer (so there is more blade to do the cutting, and is usually run at a slower speed. Crosscut In wood…
Materials used for saws
There are several materials used in saws, with each of its own specifications.
Brass Used only for the reinforcing folded strip along the back of backsaws, and to make the screws that in earlier times held the blade to the handle. Iron Used for blades and for the reinforcing strip on cheaper backsaws until superseded by steel. Zinc Used only for saws made to cut blocks of salt, as formerly used in kitchens Copper Used as an alternative to zinc for salt-cutt…
Uses
• Saws are commonly used for cutting hard materials. They are used extensively in forestry, construction, demolition, medicine, and hunting.
• Musical saws are used as instruments to make music.
• Chainsaw carving is a flourishing modern art form. Special saws have been developed for the purpose.
See also
• Carbide saw
• Diamond tools
• Fire-saw
• Japanese saw
• Saw chain
Overview
Saw is a horror franchise created by Australian film makers James Wan and Leigh Whannell, consisting of nine feature films and additional media. The first eight films primarily revolve around the fictional serial killer John "Jigsaw" Kramer, while the ninth movie revolves around a copycat killer while still keeping continuity with the previous films. John Kramer was introduced briefly in Saw an…
Short film
Saw, retrospectively referred to as Saw 0.5, is a 2003 short film that served as a promotional tool in pitching a feature-length version to Lionsgate. It is included on the second disc of the uncut DVD release of Saw. It has also been released alone, and on the Saw Trilogy DVD containing Saw Uncut Edition, Saw II Special Edition, and Saw III Director's Cut, packaged with a limited-edition 3D puppet head box version of Billy the Puppet.
Television
In April 2021, Lionsgate Television chairman Kevin Beggs announced in an interview with Deadline Hollywood that Lionsgate TV is in early talks on a television series adaptation of the film Spiral, from Mark Burg and Oren Koules' Twisted Television.
Recurring cast and characters
• An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's official presence has not yet been confirmed.
• indicates an appearance through archival footage.
• indicates a cameo role.
Production
Flashbacks from Saw IV reveal the roots of the series, presenting John Kramer as a successful civil engineer and devoted husband to his wife Jill Tuck, who opened a rehab clinic for drug addicts. Jill lost her unborn baby, Gideon, due to the unwitting actions of a drug addict named Cecil Adams, who fled the scene. Saw VI later showed that another drug addict, Amanda Young, also had an unintenti…
Reception
Saw grossed $18.2 million its opening weekend and had become Lionsgate's second-best opening, after Fahrenheit 9/11's $23.9 million (2004). Saw went on to gross $103 million worldwide, and is the third-lowest-grossing film in the series after Jigsaw and Saw VI. At the time, it became the most profitable horror film after Scream (1996). It is the seventh-highest-grossing Halloween opening w…
Other media
Japanese video game company Konami currently owns the rights to the Saw interactive video game property. Konami stated in mid-2009 that they wanted to make Saw a series of video games to supplement the films. They also wish to make Saw their next big survival horror franchise next to their other property, Silent Hill. They stated that because Saw focuses on visual intensity and Silen…
See also
• Splatter film
Background
- A saw is a hand tool with a toothed blade used to cut hard materials such as wood or bone. They are among the oldest known tools. Innovations made over thousands of years are still present in modern, mass-produced examples. The first flint saws appeared during the early Paleolithic Era, between 60,000 and 10,000 B.C. Stone saws and composite saws m...
Design
- There are three major types of hand-held saws: the hacksaw, the bucksaw, and the iconically familiar crosscut or ripsaw. The crosscut saw cuts across the grain, while the ripsaw cuts along the grain. The teeth of a saw are formulated differently to fulfill different needs. If the angle is too extreme, the teeth will catch on the wood. If the angle is too shallow, the teeth will be unable to c…
The Manufacturing Process
- A special type of steel alloyed with tungsten is produced and rolled into strips. The thickness of the strip sets the thickness of the finished blade and is gauged by the same instruments used to m...
- The blades are then stamped out of the alloyed steel using stamping machines. The overall shape of the handsaw blade narrows from handle to tip. The best saws have a "crown" or cur…
- A special type of steel alloyed with tungsten is produced and rolled into strips. The thickness of the strip sets the thickness of the finished blade and is gauged by the same instruments used to m...
- The blades are then stamped out of the alloyed steel using stamping machines. The overall shape of the handsaw blade narrows from handle to tip. The best saws have a "crown" or curved cutting edge,...
- The blade is then processed according to standards for optimal use. Depending on the type of saw, different techniques may be applied. The crosscut saw, for instance, is bevel filed. The back of a...
- The "set" or adjustment of the blade's teeth is crucial to the saw's effectiveness, so teeth are …
Quality Control
- The American National Standard is intended to regulate the set of blades for safety as well as optimal use, since a badly made saw can be a hazard. Hacksaw blades with 24-32 teeth per inch (10-13 teeth per cm) must be set wavy. Other types of saws require a "raker set" in which every third tooth is left unset. The composite of the metal used is also regulated. A standard steel blad…
The Future
- Thanks to such user-friendly optimization software as computer aided design (CAD), refinements are being experimented with that may retard the effects of repetitive motion on the handsaw user. "Cumulative Trauma Disorders," as they are known in the field, must be counteracted by ergonomic research. Goals include spreading the impact of using a saw over a larger area, redu…