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J. B. S. Haldane.
| J.B.S. Haldane FRS | |
|---|---|
| Years of service | 1914–1920 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | Black Watch |
Is JBS Haldane of Indian origin?
Haldane, an Indian scientist of British origin" (PDF). Current Science. 109 (3): 634–638. JSTOR 24906123. ^ a b Dronamraju, Krishna R (2012). "Recollections of J.B.S. Haldane, with special reference to Human Genetics in India".
Who are the close associates of JBS Haldane?
In his An Autobiography in Brief, published shortly before his death in India, Haldane named four close associates as showing promise to become illustrious scientists: T. A. Davis, Dronamraju Krishna Rao, Suresh Jayakar and S. K. Roy.
What did JBS Haldane notice when he came across the paper?
When Haldane came across the paper, he noticed that Darbishire had overlooked the possibility of genetic linkage in the experiment. Having sought advice from Reginald Punnett, a professor of biology at the University of Cambridge, he was ready to write a paper but only after an independent experiment.
Why did JBS Haldane leave the John Innes?
As Hall did not retire as early as expected – retiring in 1939, Haldane had to resign from the John Innes in 1936 to became the first Weldon Professor of Biometry at University College London. Haldane's service was recorded to have helped the John Innes as "the liveliest place for research in genetics in Britain."
What is the full name of JBS Haldane *?
John Burdon Sanderson HaldaneJ.B.S. Haldane, in full John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, (born Nov. 5, 1892, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng. —died Dec. 1, 1964, Bhubaneswar, India), British geneticist, biometrician, physiologist, and popularizer of science who opened new paths of research in population genetics and evolution.
What is life Haldane?
Abstract. In 1929 the British biologist John Burdon Sanderson Haldane published a hypothesis on the origin of life on earth, which was one of the most emblematic of the interwar period. It was a scenario describing the progressive evolution of matter on the primitive earth and the emergence of life.
Which book was written by JBS?
The Causes of Evolution1932Daedalus; or, Science and the Fu...Possible worlds, and other essays1927My Friend, Mr. Leakey1937On being the right size and other...What is Life?1947J. B. S. Haldane/Books
What does the author equate the scientific point view with?
The main features of scientific point of view are truthfulness, impartiality and rationality. Scientific standpoint means search of truth. A scientist is impartial like a judge. He does not differentiate between man and the other but between man and worm.
Why did JBS Haldane came to India?
Perhaps my main reason for going to India is that I consider that the opportunities for scientific research of the kind in which I am interested are better in India than in Britain, and that my teaching will be at least as useful there as here." The university had sacked his wife Helen for being drunk and disorderly ...
How many types of laws are described by JBS Haldane?
They fall into two classes — qualitative laws such as 'All animals with feathers have beaks', and quantitative laws such as 'Mercury has 13*596 times the density of water' (at 0 C and 1 atmosphere's pressure). The first of these is a very good guide.
What is Oparin Haldane theory?
The Oparin-Haldane theory Oparin believed that life developed from coacervates, microscopic spontaneously formed spherical aggregates of lipid molecules that are held together by electrostatic forces and that may have been precursors of cells.
What do you need from life summary?
Friendship should be done with people of equal standard. Besides all these basic needs, the writer demands various things in his life. He demands adventure in his life though there is risk in the adventure. According to him the satisfaction of adventure is something much more solid than a thrill.
What according to Haldane is the scientific point of view?
Haldane says that science attempts to be truthful and impartial. By comparing scientific point of view with legal point of view, he says that a judge may be impartial in giving his Judgment between two individuals, where as a scientist is impartial not only between people but also about a tapeworm and the solar system.
How According to Haldane can typhoid be dealt with adequately?
He narrates that typhoid infection is the result of water pollution and it can be dealt with adequately by public control of the water.
What do you mean by ethically neutral Class 11?
Solution : Ethics are moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity. And the principles or behavior is formed by the emotions and thoughts a person possesses. Ethically-neutral means working on something without applying ethics on it.
What is Oparin-Haldane theory?
The Oparin-Haldane theory Oparin believed that life developed from coacervates, microscopic spontaneously formed spherical aggregates of lipid molecules that are held together by electrostatic forces and that may have been precursors of cells.
How did life start on earth?
The earliest life forms we know of were microscopic organisms (microbes) that left signals of their presence in rocks about 3.7 billion years old. The signals consisted of a type of carbon molecule that is produced by living things.
What was in the primordial soup?
noun Biology. the seas and atmosphere as they existed on earth before the existence of life, consisting primarily of an oxygen-free gaseous mixture containing chiefly water, hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
What did Oparin and Haldane hypothesize?
The Oparin-Haldane hypothesis suggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules, with “building blocks” like amino acids forming first and then combining to make complex polymers.
What was the name of the poem that Haldane wrote?
Shortly before his death from cancer, Haldane wrote a comic poem while in the hospital, mocking his own incurable disease. It was read by his friends, who appreciated the consistent irreverence with which Haldane had lived his life. He died in Bhubaneshwar, India on 1 December 1964. The poem first appeared in print on 21 February 1964 issue of the New Statesman, and runs:
Why did Haldane get annoyed at the University of Cambridge?
In Cambridge, he annoyed most of the senior faculty because of his uninhibited behaviour particularly at dinner. His partisan, Edgar Adrian (the 1932 Nobel laureate), had almost convinced the university for his appointment as Fellow of Trinity College, but that was ruined by an incident when he hurriedly brought along a gallon jar of urine from his laboratory to the dining table.
Why did Haldane leave the UK?
Officially he stated that he left the UK because of the Suez Crisis, writing: "Finally, I am going to India because I consider that recent acts of the British Government have been violations of international law ." He believed that the warm climate would do him good, and that India shared his socialist dreams. The university had sacked his wife Helen for being drunk and disorderly and refusing to pay a fine, triggering Haldane's resignation. He declared he would no longer wear socks, "Sixty years in socks is enough." and always dressed in Indian attire.
What did Haldane do in 1957?
In 1957 he articulated Haldane's dilemma, a limit on the speed of beneficial evolution which subsequently proved incorrect. He willed his body for medical studies, as he wanted to remain useful even in death. He is also remembered for coining the words "clone" and "cloning" in human biology, and " ectogenesis ".
Why did Haldane resign?
The university had sacked his wife Helen for being drunk and disorderly and refusing to pay a fine, triggering Haldane's resignation. He declared he would no longer wear socks, "Sixty years in socks is enough.". and always dressed in Indian attire. He was keenly interested in inexpensive research.
When did Haldane start studying genetics?
With his sister Naomi Mitchison, Haldane started investigating Mendelian genetics in 1908, used guinea pigs and mice, publishing Reduplication in mice in 1915 the first demonstration of genetic linkage in mammals, showing that certain genetic traits tend to be inherited together (as was later discovered, because of their proximity on chromosomes). As the paper was written during Haldane's service in the First World War, James F. Crow called it "the most important science article ever written in a front-line trench". He was the first to demonstrate linkage in chickens in 1921, and (with Julia Bell) in humans in 1937.
Where did Haldane grow up?
Haldane grew up at 11 Crick Road, North Oxford. He learnt to read at the age of three, and at four, after injuring his forehead he asked the doctor of the bleeding, "Is this oxyhaemoglobin or carboxyhaemoglobin ?" From age eight he worked with his father in their home laboratory where he experienced his first self-experimentation, the method he would later be famous for. He and his father became their own "human guinea pigs", such as in their investigation on the effects of poison gases. In 1899 his family moved to "Cherwell", a late Victorian house at the outskirts of Oxford with its own private laboratory. At age 8, in 1901, his father brought him to the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club to listen to a lecture on Mendelian genetics, which had been recently rediscovered. Although he found the lecture given by Arthur Dukinfield Darbishire, Demonstrator of Zoology at Balliol College, Oxford, "interesting but difficult," it influenced him permanently such that genetics became the field in which he made his most important scientific contributions.
Abstract
J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964) was an outstanding scientist and a polymath who contributed significantly to physiology, genetics, biochemistry, statistics, biometry, cosmology, and philosophy, although he himself possessed no formal qualifications in any branch of science.
SCIENTIFIC CAREER
J. B. S. Haldane was educated at Eton and Oxford, graduating with distinction in classics in 1915. His further education was interrupted when he joined the Black Watch battalion to fight in the First World War. He fought with bravery and distinction.
REASONS FOR MOVING TO INDIA
Complex reasons motivated Haldane to abandon his position at University College London and move to India in 1957. His professional reputation and prestige were at their maximum, yet Haldane chose to turn his back on Europe and other active centers of scientific research in the world.
LIFE AND RESEARCH IN INDIA
Haldane was a Research Professor at the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta from 1957 to 1961, where four of us, S. K. Roy, T. A. Davis, S. D. Jayakar and myself, closely worked with him as his research associates. I completed my research for a Ph.D. in genetics, which was awarded later. When political differences with the Director, P. C.
DARWIN AND WALLACE IN INDIA
Haldane's genetic research was primarily influenced by the Darwinian tradition. His major contribution to science was his mathematical theory of evolution (natural selection), which was an interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution in the context of Mendelian genetics. After his arrival in India, Haldane saw Darwin from a new perspective.
ANIMALS HAVE RIGHTS AND DUTIES
Haldane stated that Christian theologians drew a sharp distinction between humans and other species. Hence, Darwin's argument that human beings have descended from animals created a furor among Europeans ( Dronamraju 2009, p.
THEORETICAL POPULATION GENETICS
In several papers, some in collaboration with S. D. Jayakar ( Haldane and Jayakar 1963 ), Haldane returned to finding solutions for the unsolved problems of theoretical population genetics that he first initiated in the 1920s.
What did Haldane contribute to?
Haldane also contributed to the theory of enzyme action and to studies in human physiology. He possessed a combination of analytic powers, literary abilities, a wide range of knowledge, and a force of personality that produced numerous discoveries in several scientific fields and proved stimulating to an entire generation of research workers.
What are some of the most important works of Haldane?
Haldane’s major works include Daedalus (1924), Animal Biology (with British evolutionist Julian Huxley, 1927), The Inequality of Man (1932), The Causes of Evolution (1932), The Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1938), Science Advances (1947), and The Biochemistry of Genetics (1954). Selected Genetic Papers of J.B.S. Haldane, ed. by Krishna R. Dronamraju, was published in 1990.
Where did Haldane move to?
Lysenko. In 1957 Haldane moved to India, where he took citizenship and headed the government Genetics ...
What is an encyclopedia editor?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ...
Who contributed to the downfall of mutationism?
Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane in Britain and Sewall Wright in the United States. Their work contributed to the downfall of mutationism and, most important, provided a theoretical framework for the integration of genetics into Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Yet their work had a limited impact on…
Who argued that individual interests would always outweigh group interests?
Some theorists, notably the American evolutionary biologist George C. Williams, argued that individual interests would always outweigh group interests, since genes associated….
How did Haldane contribute to the theory of evolution?
Haldane also published many works on population genetics, again utilizing mathematics to support his ideas. He used his mathematical equations to support Charles Darwin's idea of Natural Selection. This led to Jack helping to contribute to the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution. He was able to link Natural Selection to Gregor Mendel's genetics using mathematics. This proved to be an invaluable addition to the many pieces of evidence that helped support the Theory of Evolution. Darwin himself did not have the privilege of knowing about genetics, so a quantitative way to measure how a population evolved was a major breakthrough at the time.
What was Jack Haldane's career?
Jack Haldane excelled in the field of mathematics. He spent most of his teaching and research career interested in the mathematical side of genetics and particularly how enzymes worked. In 1925, Jack published his work with G.E. Briggs about enzymes that included the Briggs-Haldane equation.
How did Jack Haldane die?
Jack Haldane died December 1, 1964, after a bout with cancer.
What was the significance of Haldane's work on the theory of evolution?
Haldane's work brought a new understanding and renewed support of the Theory of Evolution by quantifying the theory .
Why did Jack use himself as a test subject?
He felt it wasn't fair to assume no God would interfere with the experiments he conducted, so he could not reconcile having a personal belief in any god. He often used himself as a test subject. Jack allegedly would perform dangerous experiments, such as drinking hydrochloric acid to test the effects on muscle control.
Who is Heather Scoville?
Heather Scoville is a former medical researcher and current high school science teacher who writes science curriculum for online science courses. J.B.S. Haldane was an evolutionary biologist who made many contributions to the field of evolution .
Overview
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS , nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was an English scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. With innovative use of statistics in biology, he was one of the founders of neo-Darwinism. He served in the Great War, and obtained the rank of captain. Despite his lack of an academic degree in the field, he taught biology at the University of Cambridge, the Royal Institution, and University College London. Renouncing h…
Biography
Haldane was born in Oxford in 1892. His father was John Scott Haldane, a physiologist, scientist, a philosopher and a Liberal who was the grandson of evangelist James Alexander Haldane. His mother Louisa Kathleen Trotter, was a Conservative, and descended from Scottish ancestry. His only sibling, Naomi, became a writer and married Dick Mitchison, Baron Mitchison (thereby becomi…
Scientific contributions
Following his father's footsteps, Haldane's first publication was on the mechanism of gaseous exchange by haemoglobin in The Journal of Physiology, and he subsequently worked on the chemical properties of blood as a pH buffer. He investigated several aspects of kidney functions and mechanism of excretion.
In 1904, Arthur Dukinfield Darbishire published a paper on an experiment attempting to test Mend…
Political views
Haldane became a socialist during the First World War, supported the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War, and then became an open supporter of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1937. A pragmatic dialectical-materialist Marxist, he wrote many articles for the Daily Worker. In On Being the Right Size, he wrote that "while nationalization of certain industries is …
Social and scientific views
Haldane was the first to have thought of the genetic basis for human cloning, and the eventual artificial breeding of superior individuals. For this he introduced the terms "clone" and "cloning", modifying the earlier "clon" which had been used in agriculture since the early 20th century (from Greek klōn, twig). He introduced the term in his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Fut…
Awards and honours
Haldane was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1932. The French Government conferred him its National Order of the Legion of Honour in 1937. In 1952, he received the Darwin Medal from the Royal Society. In 1956, he was awarded the Huxley Memorial Medal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain. He received the Feltrinelli Prize from Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 1961. He also received an Honorary Doctorate of Science, an Honorary Fellowship at New Colleg…
Quotations
• He is famous for the (possibly apocryphal) response that he gave when some theologians asked him what could be inferred about the mind of the Creator from the works of His Creation: "An inordinate fondness for beetles." or sometimes, "....stars and beetles."
• "My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose."
Publications
• Daedalus; or, Science and the Future (1924), E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., a paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge, on 4 February 1923
• A Mathematical Theory of Natural and Artificial Selection, a series of papers beginning in 1924
• Briggs, G. E; Haldane, J. B (1925). "A note on the kinetics of enzyme action". Biochemical Journal. 19 (2): 338–339. doi:10.1042/bj0190338. PMC 1259181. PMID 16743508. (With G.E. Briggs)
Abstract
- Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics JOHN Burdon Sanderson (J. B. S.) Haldane (1892–1964) was an exceptional scientist whose mental powers were extraordinary. He possessed both great intelligence and a prodigious memory and was able to divide his attention between two entirely different subjects simultaneously. He was able, for instance, to sit in a lect…
Scientific Career
- J. B. S. Haldane was educated at Eton and Oxford, graduating with distinction in classics in 1915. His further education was interrupted when he joined the Black Watch battalion to fight in the First World War. He fought with bravery and distinction. His life was in constant danger when he was fighting in the trenches in France when almost all the men in his battalion were killed. He was sa…
Reasons For Moving to India
- Complex reasons motivated Haldane to abandon his position at University College London and move to India in 1957. His professional reputation and prestige were at their maximum, yet Haldane chose to turn his back on Europe and other active centers of scientific research in the world. The most important reason was undoubtedly his increasing dissatis...
Life and Research in India
- Haldane was a Research Professor at the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta from 1957 to 1961, where four of us, S. K. Roy, T. A. Davis, S. D. Jayakar and myself, closely worked with him as his research associates. I completed my research for a Ph.D. in genetics, which was awarded later. When political differences with the Director, P. C. Mahalanobis, arose later, Haldane resign…
Darwin and Wallace in India
- Haldane's genetic research was primarily influenced by the Darwinian tradition. His major contribution to science was his mathematical theory of evolution (natural selection), which was an interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution in the context of Mendelian genetics. After his arrival in India, Haldane saw Darwin from a new perspective. Haldane regarded Darwin's work in …
Animals Have Rights and Duties
- Haldane stated that Christian theologians drew a sharp distinction between humans and other species. Hence, Darwin's argument that human beings have descended from animals created a furor among Europeans (Dronamraju 2009, p. 211), whereas many eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism have long recognized that animals have rights and duties. Ind…
Theoretical Population Genetics
- In several papers, some in collaboration with S. D. Jayakar (Haldane and Jayakar 1963), Haldane returned to finding solutions for the unsolved problems of theoretical population genetics that he first initiated in the 1920s. The titles of some of these papers are “The selection of double heterozygotes,” “Natural selection in a population with annual breeding but overlapping generati…
Haldane at The End
- Haldane's poem, “Cancer is a Funny Thing,” which was written shortly before his death and published in many popular magazines and newspapers, reflected his courage when facing almost certain death. While he was visiting the United States in October 1963 to attend a conference on the origin of life in Florida, Haldane found out that he was suffering from rectal bleeding. On his r…
Concluding Remarks
- Haldane's life and activities in India left an indelible impact on Indian science. He was especially inspiring to the younger generation who were happy to see him challenging the authorities and bureaucracy when they were not able to do so themselves. The research projects undertaken by his colleagues provided a new impetus to the development of certain branches of science, such …