is cinchona the same as quinine

Cinchona bark contains quinine and related chemicals. While quinine is effective for preventing malaria and controlling its symptoms, people who take cinchona bark are exposed to risky side effects. Some of the chemicals in cinchona can slow the heart, cause constipation, and affect the central nervous system.

Full Answer

Does cinchona tree bark contain quinine?

The bark of the cinchona tree contains a number of useful alkaloids including quinidine and quinine. Quinine is still used to treat malaria but these days, a synthetic version of quinine is used. nevertheless, the bark remains an economically viable source of the medicine. What tree bark does quinine come from?

What is quinine made from?

Quinine, also known as Cinchona, Cinchona Bark, Fever Tree, Jesuit’s Bark, Peruvian Bark, Quina-Quina, Red Cinchonais an agent produced from the bark of the South American Cinchona tree. It is also produced synthetically. Quinine has been traditonally used for malaria treatment but new, more effective agents are available.

What is Cinchona made of?

An isolated alkaloid chemical in the tree bark called quinine is thought to be responsible for the bark’s most effective antimalarial properties. Hahnemann would ingest large doses of the cinchona drug for a number of days in 1790.

What is a cinchona tree?

Cinchona, or quinine bark, is native to South American rainforests like the Amazon. It will grow 15 to 20 meters tall, and produce white, yellow, or pink flowers. The cinchona tree is also found at the northern part of the Andes, and is now widely cultivated throughout many tropical countries.

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How much cinchona is quinine?

Cinchona bark is approximately 5% quinine.

What is the other name of cinchona?

The name quina-quina or quinquina was suggested as an old name for cinchona used in Europe and based on the native name used by the Quechua people.

Does quinine come from the cinchona tree?

Quinine is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of the Cinchona, or 'fever' tree (Cinchona spp.) and if you've ever had a gin and tonic, you will be familiar with the bitter taste of the tonic which is provided by quinine.

What percentage of cinchona bark is quinine?

Cinchona bark has a wide range of total and specific alkaloid content, influenced not only by species but also growing conditions. Quinine is usually the dominant alkaloid (typically 50–90% of the total), but some wild species contain almost none.

What is quinine naturally found in?

Quinine comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. This tree is native to central and South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean and western parts of Africa. People have consumed quinine in tonic water to help treat cases of malaria for centuries.

What does cinchona cure?

Cinchona bark contains quinine, which is a medicine used to treat malaria.

Why did they ban quinine?

In early 2007, FDA banned all prescription quinine products other than Qualaquin. FDA acted in this manner because of a perception that quinine is not effective for this condition and that its risk potential far exceeds its efficacy potential.

What does quinine do to the body?

Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing. This medicine may be used alone or given together with one or more medicines for malaria. Quinine should not be used to treat or prevent night time leg cramps.

What is natural quinine?

Quinine is a bitter compound that comes from the bark of the cinchona tree. The tree is most commonly found in South America, Central America, the islands of the Caribbean, and parts of the western coast of Africa. Quinine was originally developed as a medicine to fight malaria.

What is the generic name for quinine?

QUALAQUIN (quinine sulfate) is an antimalarial drug indicated only for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

What are the side effects of cinchona bark?

However, in large amounts, cinchona is UNSAFE and can be deadly. Symptoms of overdose include ringing of the ears, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and vision disturbances. Cinchona can also cause bleeding and allergic reactions, including hives and fever.

How do you extract quinine from cinchona bark?

Pulverized Cinchona bark of 100 gm was soaked with quicklime (2 gm) and 6-8% KOH solution. The blend was vigorously mixed and kept undisturbed for 10-15 hr. The above mixture was extracted continuously with Acetone of 800 ml, 200 ml, and 200 ml respectively for 3 hr separately at 60° C.

What do you mean by Sincona?

Definition of cinchona 1 : any of a genus (Cinchona) of South American trees and shrubs of the madder family. 2 : the dried bark of a cinchona (such as C. ledgeriana) containing alkaloids (such as quinine) and formerly used as a specific in malaria.

What is family of cinchona?

CinchonaceaeQuina / Family

Which tree is used for malaria treatment?

Quinine extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree, was used as an antimalarial agent as early as 1632 (Baird et al., 1996) and by the 19th century, it was still the only known antimalarial agent. Cinchona tree has been cultivated for this purpose all over the world.

Where is cinchona tree found?

western South AmericaCinchona is a genus of flowering plant mostly used as medicinal plant because of the quinones present in it. These are found in the areas where the rainfall is above 100 cm. They are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America.

Quinine for COVID Herbal Treatment

Cinchona bark comes from various trees in the Cinchona family of plants, all of which are native to the western part of South America in the Andes Mountains. The plant has long been used as a remedy for malaria due to its high quinine content.

What is quinine?

Quinine is a bitter-tasting alkaloid compound extracted from the bark of Cinchona trees. Quinine was first formally isolated about 200 years ago in the 1800s and has been used ever since to treat various illnesses, though it was specifically noted for its efficacy in treating malaria.

Quinine and Cinchona Bark for COVID-19

Quinine has been shown in studies both in vivo and in vitro to be an effective treatment for COVID-19. One study demonstrated that quinine solutions are at least as effective as chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine if not more effective in some cases. In addition, it has a generally better safety profile than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine.

Contraindications

Pregnant women should avoid drinking high quantities of tonic water (which generally contains quinine) and taking higher doses of cinchona bark or quinine.

What is Quinine used for?

It is also produced synthetically. Quinine has been traditonally used for malaria treatment but new, more effective agents are available.

Is Cinchona bark standardized?

Cinchona bark has an unknown quinine content, and is not standardized or regulated by the FDA.

Does quinine help with leg cramps?

Quinine has been prescibed by physicians for leg cramps off-label without any strong evidence of effectiveness (1). The FDA has warned for many years that harm outweighs benefit of this agent for this condition (1). Quinine is also present in small amounts of tonic water to produce a bitter taste. The dose of quinine is quite small in tonic water, and one would need to consume over 6 liters of tonic water to obtain one therapeutic dose of quinine. Quinine is present in cinchona bark which is available over the counter in herbal supplement stores as a variety of different names. Cinchona bark has an unknown quinine content, and is not standardized or regulated by the FDA.

Does Quinine increase bleeding?

Quinine can increase bleeding risk by potentiating warfarin (Coumadin) and patients need to stop taking these supplements with blood thinning agents (2) .

What is Cinchona?

Most everybody will be familiar with quinine as one of the main drugs used to treat malaria but how many people know where quinine came from in the first place? The answer lies in an accidental discovery made by a Jesuit Priest working as an apothecary in Peru during the early 17th century.

When was quinine isolated?

Quinine was eventually isolated from the bark in 1820 and synthetic quinine was produced.

How tall do cinchona trees grow?

They have dark green, waxy leaves similar to other members of the Rubiacea family like coffee plants. They can be either trees or shrubs and grow up to a height of 15 meters.

Why is Quinine banned?

Quinine, which cinchona contains, has been banned by the FDA in the US as a treatment for muscle cramps because of the potential side effects.

Why do Quechua people use bark?

The local Quechua people had long been using the bark of the tree to treat fever and relieve shivering. Shivering is one of the major symptoms of the deadly mosquito borne illness we now know as malaria. Doctors in Europe had long been looking for a cure for the disease without luck.

What countries were able to smuggle cinchona trees away from South America?

Although the Spanish tried desperately to hang onto their monopoly, eventually British and Dutch explorers were able to smuggle the trees away from South America. This allowed many countries to start cultivating their own cinchona.

Is Cinchona bark safe?

Cinchona may also be safe when taken as a medicine orally but only when proper care is taken. Products containing cinchona bark must carry a warning to discontinue id certain side effects occur. These include deafness, ringing in the ears, rashes or visual disturbance.

What is a cinchona?

Cinchona (pronounced / sɪŋˈkoʊnə / or / sɪnˈtʃoʊnə /) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America.

What is the medicinal value of Cinchona?

Cinchona has been historically sought after for its medicinal value, as the bark of several species yields quinine and other alkaloids that were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of European colonialism, which made them of great economic and political importance.

What is the genus of cinchoneae?

A key character of the genus is that the flowers have marginally hairy corolla lobes. The tribe Cinchoneae includes the genera Cinchonopsis, Jossia, Ladenbergia, Remijia, Stilpnophyllum, and Ciliosemina. In South America, natural populations of Cinchona species have geographically distinct distributions.

How many species of Cinchona are there?

There are at least 24 species of Cinchona recognized by botanists. There are likely several unnamed species and many intermediate forms that have arisen due to the plants' tendency to hybridize.

Where was cinchona tea planted?

In Sri Lanka, it was planted in the Hakgala Botanical Garden in January 1861. James Taylor, the pioneer of tea planting in Sri Lanka, was one of the pioneers of cinchona cultivation. By 1883, about 64,000 acres (260 km 2) were in cultivation in Sri Lanka, with exports reaching a peak of 15 million pounds in 1886.

How tall is Cinchona?

Description. Cinchona plants belong to the family Rubiaceae and are large shrubs or small trees with evergreen foliage, growing 5 to 15 m (16 to 49 ft) in height. The leaves are opposite, rounded to lanceolate, and 10–40 cm long. The flowers are white, pink, or red, and produced in terminal panicles.

When was quinine invented?

The artificial synthesis of quinine in 1944, an increase in resistant forms of malaria, and the emergence of alternate therapies eventually ended large-scale economic interest in cinchona cultivation. Cinchona alkaloids show promise in treating falciparum malaria, which has evolved resistance to synthetic drugs.

What is a cinchona tree?

Cinchona is a tree. People use the bark to make medicine.

What is cinchona extract used for?

Cinchona extract is also applied to the skin for hemorrhoids, ulcers, stimulating hair growth, and managing varicose veins. In foods, cinchona is used as a bitter flavoring in tonic water and alcoholic beverages.

Does Cinchona have quinine?

Cinchona contains quinidine. Taking quinidine along with cinchona can increase the effects and side effects of quinidine and cause heart problems. Do not take cinchona if you are taking quinidine. Quinine interacts with CINCHONA. Cinchona contains quinine.

Can you take cinchona if you have myasthenia gravis?

Myasthenia Gravis: Don't use cinchona if you have myasthenia gravis. It contains quinine and quinidine that can cause muscle weakness and make your condition worse.

Does cinchona break down carbamazepine?

The body breaks down carbamazepine to get rid of it. Cinchona contains quinine. Quinine can cause the body to break down carbamazepine (Tegretol) too quickly. Taking cinchona along with carbamazepine (Tegretol) can decrease the effectiveness of carbamazepine (Tegretol).

Does cinchona slow blood clotting?

Cinchona might slow blood clotting. Taking cinchona along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and bleeding.

Can cinchona cause hives?

Symptoms of overdose include ringing of the ears, headache, nausea, diarrhea, and vision disturbances. Cinchona can also cause bleeding and allergic reactions, including hives and fever. Special Precautions and Warnings. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Don’t use cinchona if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Cinchona bark whole foods properties

Quinine is a plant alkaloid; a naturally occurring plant compound (phytochemical).

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Where did the name Cinchona come from?

The name cinchona comes from Countess of Chinchón Ana de Osorio, the wife of a Peruvi an vice roy who was reportedly cured of malaria after using cinchona tree bark in 1638.

What is Cinchona used for?

Bleeding Disorders. Cinchona is also a popular homeopathic remedy for bleeding conditions, such as nosebleeds, and bleeding from the mouth, rectum, ears, and internal organs. It is also used for heavy menstrual periods (menorrhagia) with nervous excitement.

What Is Peruvian Bark?

Homeopathic cinchona is also often called china. Cinchona, or quinine bark, is native to South American rainforests like the Amazon. It will grow 15 to 20 meters tall, and produce white, yellow, or pink flowers.

What is the chemical in cinchona tree bark?

At the time, Hahnemann had been translating the widely regarded malaria drug made from cinchona. An isolated alkaloid chemical in the tree bark called quinine is thought to be responsible for the bark’s most effective antimalarial properties.

What did Hahnemann notice?

Hahnemann would ingest large doses of the cinchona drug for a number of days in 1790. He began to notice malaria-like symptoms. For instance, he became drowsy, his pulse quickened, he experienced trembling in all his limbs, his cheeks appeared red, his heart palpitated, and his feet and fingertips later become cold.

Why is Cinchona used for exhaustion?

Cinchona is also used for extreme exhaustion that leaves the muscles feeling very weak. This type of fatigue can result from anemia, blood loss or heavy menstrual flow, or extensive fluid loss caused from diarrhea, severe vomiting, or breastfeeding.

Why was cinchona bark named after the countess?

In 1737, when cinchona bark was finally classified, botanists continued to name it after the countess due to her contribution to the tree bark’s history.

What Is Cinchona?

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Plant Description

Health Benefits of Cinchona

Side Effects and Precautions

Final Thoughts

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