Knowledge Builders

is concord grape juice good for your heart

by Kaylah Corwin V Published 2 years ago Updated 2 years ago
image

Decades worth of research says that thanks to the dark purple Concord grape and its polyphenol power, 100% grape juice can help support a healthy heart. In fact, Concord grapes and their juice deliver many of the same polyphenols and heart health benefits as red wine.

What are the health benefits of Concord grape juice?

The flavonoids in Concord grape juice benefit your brain, heart and immune system. These plant compounds may lower your risk of cardiac events, reduce inflammation and protect against stroke, as reported in a February 2012 cohort study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

What are the health benefits of eating Concord grapes?

  • Reducing the risk of blood clots.
  • Reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or "bad") cholesterol.
  • Preventing damage to blood vessels in your heart.
  • Helping maintain a healthy blood pressure.

Is drinking grape juice as healthy as red wine?

Some research studies suggest that red and purple grape juices may provide some of the same heart benefits of red wine, including: Reducing the risk of blood clots. Reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or “bad”) cholesterol. Does wine have more antioxidants than grape juice? Grape skins are a good source of healthful antioxidants.

What are the benefits of Concord grapes?

What is the difference between Concord grapes and regular grapes?

  • Decrease blood pressure with concord grapes.
  • Concord grapes are anti-inflammatory.
  • Eat grapes to stay sharp.
  • Boost your immunity with concord grapes.

Is grape juice an antioxidant?

Is Concord grape juice a good antioxidant?

Does purple grape juice reduce platelet count?

Is grape juice good for you?

Does purple grape juice help with LDL?

Does grape juice help with platelet aggregation?

Is grape juice good for heart health?

See 2 more

image

What are the benefits of drinking Concord grape juice?

Juices made from Concord or purple grapes may be better for disease risk reduction. Concord and purple grapes naturally have higher antioxidant activities than other varieties of the fruit. Early research shows that red and purple grape juices may promote cardiovascular health in some of the same ways as red wine.

What happens if you drink grape juice everyday?

Taking grapes or its juice recipe on a daily basis will help increase potassium in the body that helps keep away problems like heart stroke and prevent loss of muscle mass and bone mineral density among other benefits.

Does grape juice clean arteries?

Researchers say a substance found in grapes may help unclog coronary arteries and protect against heart disease. If you don't want to drink red wine to help keep your coronary arteries unclogged, drink lots of grape juice instead, say researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School.

Does Concord grape juice lower blood pressure?

Park et al. observed a 7.2 mmHg reduction in systolic BP and a 6.2 mmHg reduction in diastolic BP, suggesting that the consumption of Concord grape juice may have a positive effect on those with elevated BP.

Is Welch's Concord grape juice healthy?

Heart Health Decades worth of research says that thanks to the dark purple Concord grape and its polyphenol power, 100% grape juice can help support a healthy heart. In fact, Concord grapes and their juice deliver many of the same polyphenols and heart health benefits as red wine.

Is Concord grape juice good for your kidneys?

Kidney: Grape juice is diuretic and is excellent for cleaning out the kidney and may help remedy kidney stones. Liver: The abundance of minerals in grapes stimulate the cleansing activity in liver, helps to detoxify.

Which juice is good for heart blockage?

Pomegranates. Pomegranate juice has been shown to lower blood pressure and is loaded with anti-inflammatory antioxidants that will protect the cardiovascular system from tissue damage and inflammation which is a major driving force behind heart disease.

Which drink is best for heart?

Heart-healthy drinks (other than water)Sparkling water (try adding chopped fruit or herbs; for example, fresh mint).Unflavoured milk.Plant-based milks with added calcium, like soy, almond, oat, rice milk.Tea.Coffee.Small glass (125ml) of 100% fruit or vegetable juice.

Does grape juice dissolve blood clots?

Moderate amounts of red wine or purple grape juice daily helps keep blood platelets from sticking together and forming clots, thanks to powerful antioxidants called polyphenols in purple grapes, according to a review of previous studies published in the Journal of Nutrition.

Can you drink grape juice with blood pressure medicine?

They're used as part of the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension) and coronary heart disease. Grapefruit juice interacts with some calcium channel blockers and increases the level of the medicine in your blood.

What is the purple drink that lowers blood pressure?

Within the past three years a number of small clinical trials have suggested suggest that drinking purple grape juice for a period of 6-12 weeks may lower blood pressure individuals with elevated blood pressure....Blood Pressure Lowering Effects of Grape Juice.Study Start Date :March 2006Actual Study Completion Date :May 20098 more rows

Is grape juice good for cholesterol?

Purple Grape Juice Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces the Susceptibility of LDL Cholesterol to Oxidation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

How much grape juice should you drink in a day?

To reap the most benefits from grape juice, it is best to limit consumption to two to three glasses per day. Excessive consumption of grape juice can result in: Indigestion. Nausea.

Is drinking grape juice healthy?

Grape juice is a good source of several important nutrients, including vitamin C, manganese, and antioxidants. It's also linked to several health benefits. For example, it may support heart health, immune function, and digestive health.

Can grape juice help you lose weight?

Grape juice: Another beverage that helps in losing weight is grape juice. Experts say that a small glass of pure grape juice before bedtime may help you in getting good sleep and also burn fat.

Is grape juice good for skin?

Several studies across the world have found that including nutrient-rich grapes in our daily diet may benefit our health in multiple ways. It is a powerhouse of antioxidants that flushes out the toxins, purifies the blood and cleanses our skin from within.

Grape juice brings down blood pressure - NutraIngredients

"While additional studies are necessary to confirm these results, it is exciting that drinking Concord grape juice every day may be an easy way for hypertensive individuals to significantly lower their blood pressure," noted Maki. US health experts estimate that lowering systolic blood pressure by five points would result in a 14 per cent reduction in deaths from stroke and a 9 per cent ...

How Grape Juice Helps Shortness of Breath and Heart Disease

A 2017 Indonesian STUDY conducted on three herbs native to their land was evaluated. The doctors used a combination of herbs they nicknamed “CJID” collectively. 1. Centella asiatica = (common name: Gotu Kola)

Grape Juice: Are There Health Benefits? - WebMD

Potential Risks of Grape Juice. Grape juice offers many health benefits but is high in natural sugar and calories. Some people may need to be especially careful with the beverage and only drink it ...

Ask the doctor: Do grapes and grape juice protect the heart like wine ...

Thanks for visiting. Don't miss your FREE gift. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure ...

Study Suggests Purple Grape Juice Is Good for the Heart

500 Lincoln Drive Madison, WI 53706-1380 Email: [email protected] Ph: 608-262-3571 Fax: 608-262-2331

What is Concord grape juice?

Concord grape juice conveys the power of purple fruits and antioxidants like polyphenols and vitamin C. Read also, the health benefits of vitamin C in pregnancy.

How many calories are in a bunch of Concord grapes?

19 concord grapes (one modest bunch) contain around 30 calories and are equivalent to 1/2 cup or one serving of fruits. Furthermore, in case you are drinking concord grape juice, you are scoring the same valuable polyphenols of the whole fruit on the grounds that the juice is produced using the skin, seeds, and tissue of concord grapes.

What is the benefit of eating fruit and vegetables?

Having a nutritious eating routine loaded with beautiful fruit and vegetable guarantees you are getting a variety of minerals, nutrients, and useful plant supplements (for example, polyphenols) for wellbeing.

Does grape juice help with inflammation?

Studies on antioxidant supplements propose a decrease in markers for inflammation among athletes. One little human clinical trial that included 12 grown-up sprinters revealed that the individuals who enhanced their eating regimen with concord grape juice had improved their perseverance.

Does Concord grape juice help the immune system?

While this investigation is fundamental, it expands on prior lab investigations and proposes the antioxidants in concord grape juice might assist with supporting a solid immune system.

Is Concord grape juice the same as red wine?

Truth be told, concord grapes and their juice convey a large number of the same polyphenols and heart medical advantages as red wine. You might also be interested in the health benefits of Amla wine.

Does concord juice help with cancer?

Another exploration found that those who routinely drank concord grape juice had more white platelets in their circulatory system which can help fend off infections, microscopic organisms, and other unfamiliar invaders undermining your wellbeing like cancer cells. Speaking of cancer, here are the benefits of tempeh for cancer.

What is Concord grape juice?

They’ve shown that Concord grapes are loaded with various kinds of flavonoids, a type of powerful antioxidant that is also found in berries, cocoa, red wine, and tea. In fact, purple Concord grape juice ranks the highest in antioxidant activity among 13 juices tested, according to a study published in the Journal of Agricultural ...

Does grape juice help with arteries?

May promote healthy arteries: Researchers from the University of Wisconsin conducted a small study to investigate the potential health benefits of Concord grape juice back in late ’90s. They found that people who drank about 2 cups of Concord grape juice daily for 2 weeks had significantly more flexible arteries. The same group of researchers followed up with a second study two years later. They found that similar health effects can be achieved by drinking just one cup of Concord grape juice. The results of this study were published in the American Journal of Cardiology in September 2001.

Can you use grape juice instead of red wine?

Add raisins or dried plums to your trail mix. Use grape juice in replacement of red wine in your cooking. This results in dishes with great flavor minus the alcohol. Perfect for everyday cooking!

Is Concord grape juice a purple grape?

Concord grape juice (not surprisingly) belongs to the purple family. Recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) revealed that people who consumed purple/blue fruits and vegetables on a regular basis had a lowered risk of metabolic syndrome. (Metabolic syndrome is a condition in which a group of risk factors for heart disease, including stroke, and Type 2 diabetes occur together)

Does grape juice lower blood pressure?

May lower blood pressure: Researchers from South Korea investigated the effects of drinking Concord grape juice in men with high blood pressure. They found that subjects who drank about 1.5 cups of Concord grape juice daily for 8 weeks significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results of this study were published in BioFactors in December 2004.

What are Concord Grapes?

Concord grapes are packed with a variety of flavonoids. It is a form of potent antioxidant that is also present in fruit, chocolate, red wine, and tea. Furthermore, purple Concord grape juice occupies a prominent position in antioxidant potential.

Benefits of Concord Grape Juice

Here are several compelling reasons to introduce more purple items, like Concord grapes, to your supermarket trolley:

What is Concord grape?

Concord grapes are full of nutrition and boast higher antioxidant levels than red or green grapes. Surprisingly, nearly half of their antioxidant capacity is in the skin. Grapes, in general, provide large doses of flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds with beneficial properties.

What is the best juice for oxidative stress?

Loaded with antioxidants, fruit juices keep your heart healthy, strengthen your immune system and protect against oxidative stress. Some varieties, such as grape juice and cranberry juice, are particularly beneficial due to their high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids.

What is the difference between soda and fruit juice?

The primary difference between fruit juices and soft drinks lies in their nutritional value. Fresh fruit juice is rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Soda , on the other hand , contains mostly sugar and potentially harmful chemicals. However, both types of beverages can lead to weight gain when consumed in excess.

Is purple grape juice good for you?

Choosing the best fruit juice isn't easy. Both cranberry juice and purple grape juice promote mental and physical health. As mentioned earlier, Concord grape juice supports cardiovascular function and may lower your risk of heart disease. According to a July 2016 review featured in Advances in Nutrition, cranberries have similar benefits.

Does Concord grape juice help with memory?

A 16-week study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in April 2012 has linked the consumption of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in berries and Concord grape juice to improved cognition and neuronal function. The study was conducted on older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Those who consumed this beverage experienced a greater activation of the brain areas associated with memory and cognition compared to the placebo group.

Is Concord grape juice better than soda?

Both cranberry and Concord grape juice benefit your health when consumed in moderation. These beverages are a better choice than soda, but they still contain quite a lot of sugar. A single serving (half a cup) of grape juice provides 76 calories and 18.6 grams of carbs, including 17.9 grams of sugar.

Does grape juice help with cognition?

A 16-week study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in April 2012 has linked the consumption of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in berries and Concord grape juice to improved cognition and neuronal function . The study was conducted on older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

What is Concord grape juice?

The grape juice they used was botanically known as Vitis labrusca, or “fox grape” from which Concord grapes are derived . You often see these grapes used to make jelly, Concord grape juice and some wines. The anti-inflammatory effect of grape juice had a powerful effect on LVH.

How do pharmaceuticals help the heart?

Medications. The ultimate goal of pharmaceuticals is to improve blood flow in the blood vessels, often by widening them. This helps reducing the heart’s burden and workload. Some of the medications work by reducing blood volume through a diuretic effect.

What group drank grape juice?

HLS Group – Ate a high-fat diet and took Simvastatin each day. HLU Group – Ate a high-fat diet and drank grape juice. The researchers carefully evaluated inflammatory cytokine markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as blood sugar and other parameters. You can probably guess what happened.

Does grape juice help with LVH?

It has to do with grape juice and how it could help LVH (and likely high blood pressure). The study entitled, Grape Juice Attenuates Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Dyslipidemic Mice, was done on animals, not people. The animals had high triglycerides and cholesterol to go with the LVH. This is not uncommon in people.

Does grape juice help with shortness of breath?

How Grape Juice Helps Shortness of Breath and Heart Disease. A few weeks ago I wrote about PVFS (Post Viral Fatigue Syndrome) which is the lingering, intractable fatigue that often plagues victims of viruses for years. It can be caused by the flu, Lyme, Epstein Barr Virus, and as of late, COVID-19 has been found to cause this too.

Does grape juice help with blood pressure?

So drinking a little juice each day is something that couldn’t hurt and might help. In 2016, a META-ANALYSIS was done (covering 12 studies, 810 study subjects) and they concluded that grape seed extract (the supplement) was able to effectively reduce blood pressure.

Does grape juice have a protective effect?

In their own words, the researchers concluded, “Grape juice has a hypolipidemic and cardiac protective potential, presenting a similar effect as that of simvastatin through a direct antioxidant action of phenolic compounds, or indirectly, via antioxidant action and anti-inflammatory activity of the HDLc.

Which grapes are better for disease?

Juices made from Concord or purple grapes may be better for disease risk reduction. Concord and purple grapes naturally have higher antioxidant activities than other varieties of the fruit.

What is the most common grape juice?

The most common type of grape juice is purple and is made using Concord grapes. You can also find white grape juice that is made from Niagara grapes. Both types of grapes are native to America. Eating whole grapes is also a great choice. The fresh fruit provides fiber and additional vitamins.

What is grape juice made of?

The fruit may also be dried and preserved as raisins. Grape juice is made from the whole grape, including the skin, flesh, and seeds. It contains most of the vitamins and minerals found in table grapes, plus the health benefits of the nutrient-rich seeds. The most common type of grape juice is ...

How much sugar is in grape juice?

Sugar: 18 grams. Grape juice provides: Vitamin C. Calcium. Magnesium. Phosphorus. Potassium. Grape-flavored drinks may contain more added sugar and water than fruit juice, giving you lots of calories and little in the way of vitamins and minerals.

Does cranberry juice help with urinary tract infections?

Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections. You may have heard that cranberry juice can help fight the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Early studies show that black grape juice may work in the same way. Grape juice offers many health benefits but is high in natural sugar and calories.

Is grape juice good for weight gain?

Weight Gain. Grape juice can be a healthy alternative when trying to kick the soda habit. High-calorie drinks like fruit juice are easy to overdo, though, so consider portion size when pouring a glass. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends limiting juice to a half-cup serving per day. Pagination.

Is grape juice good for you?

Grape juice offers many health benefits but is high in natural sugar and calories. Some people may need to be especially careful with the beverage and only drink it in moderation. High Blood Sugar. Grape juice contains natural sugars, not the artificial sweeteners or refined sugar found in soda.

How many calories are in a handful of Concord grapes?

About 19 Concord grapes (one handful) contain around 30 calories and equal 1/2 cup or one serving of fruit. And, if you're sipping 100 percent grape juice, you're scoring the same beneficial polyphenols of the fruit because the beverage is made from the skin, seeds and flesh of Concord grapes. Cheers to that!

Why are Concord grapes purple?

Talk about purple power – the pigment that gives Concord grapes their distinctive hue is responsible for the (super) fruit's super powers. Here are some, er, grape reasons to add more purple produce, including Concord grapes, to your shopping cart: They may improve your health.

How long does grape juice affect the immune system?

One study of 85 middle-aged adults found that those who were given 100 percent grape juice daily for nine weeks (in the absence of eating any other blue/purple foods) had an increase in a certain type of immune system cell compared to those who drank a placebo beverage.

Is grape juice good for your heart?

Relaxed arteries are considered healthy arteries. Two decades' worth of research shows that Concord grapes and 100 percent grape juice are good for the heart and help maintain clean and flexible arteries that improve blood flow. This is thanks to the potent polyphenols in the super fruit.

Is Concord grapes the same as red wine?

They provide benefits similar to red wine. Many of the beneficial polyphenols found in Concord grapes are the same as those present in red wine. Hundreds of studies conducted over decades show that these natural compounds promote cardiovascular health. [See: The Best Foods for Sleep .] They're nutrient-rich.

Does red wine help with grey matter?

They help keep your mind sharp. Concord grapes, grape juice and red wine may also help maintain grey matter as you age. That means an improvement in cognitive function and a reduced risk for declines in memory, due to the beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties, according to laboratory, animal model and small human clinical ...

Does purple grape juice help with inflammation?

They're natural performance-enhancers. Studies on antioxidant supplements suggest a reduction in markers for inflammation among athletes. One small human clinical trail that included 12 adult runners reported that those who supplemented their diet with purple grape juice had improved endurance.

When do Concord grapes come out?

We offer Concord grapes once or twice a year, in late September and/or early October. Check our current order form to see if they’re available now, or sign up to be notified when we start taking orders next.

Why are grapes so popular?

The main reason for their popularity is not because folks eat them fresh (although many people do), but because of all the wonderful grape things that people make… homemade wine, grape jelly, artisan vinegar, grape cider, and even just canned purple grape juice, which is easy, fun to make and absolutely delicious. Some of these grape crafters offer their jams, wines, and juices as neat gifts for special occasions.

Is Concord grape a table grape?

Concord grapes are not table grapes. The skin is more fragile, and the flesh is much softer. They are picked by the cluster directly into the boxes we receive without any culling process, which is a good thing because it minimizes handling, which reduces the opportunity for damaging the delicate grapes. But because they’re not combed through, some of the grapes may have splitting, you’ll certainly see some leaves and green immature grapes in the box, and the boxes may leak with juice and condensation.

Do purple grapes have split skins?

We encourage you to order grapes if you want ‘em as long as you understand what you’re getting: hand-picked purple grapes that may contain some split, leaky skins… potentially messy, but they have equally been known to generate some of the most enthusiastic “oooooo’s” and “aaaahhh’s” and “yaaahhh-baby’s” we’ve ever heard.

Can you eat Concord grapes fresh?

I am loving eating the concord grapes fresh each morning. I washed them in a little vinegar water to keep them firm and fresh. My husband and I are loving eating them.

Is grape juice an antioxidant?

Vinson, J.A., J. Yang, J. Proch, and X. Liang. 2000. Grape juice, but not orange juice, has in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo antioxidant properties. Journal of Medicinal Food 3 (4):167-71.

Is Concord grape juice a good antioxidant?

Their findings demonstrated that Concord grape juice flavonoids (a large family of phenolic compounds that includes pigments such as anthocyanins) are potent antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress and reduce the risk of free radical damage and chronic diseases.

Does purple grape juice reduce platelet count?

However, Pace-Asciak et al. (1996) found that commercial purple grape juice and purple grape juice enriched with trans-resveratrol did not reduce platelet aggregation as effectively as either red or white wine, suggesting that alcohol plays a role in the health benefits of wine along with phenolic compounds.

Is grape juice good for you?

Taken together, these studies suggest that consumption of grape juice offers cardiovascular benefits not only to healthy individuals, but also to those with underlying chronic conditions.

Does purple grape juice help with LDL?

Their findings demonstrate that short-term ingestion of purple grape juice improves endothelial cell (the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels) function and reduces LDL oxidation, which may in part explain the cardiovascular health benefits of grape juice.

Does grape juice help with platelet aggregation?

Consumption of purple grape juice reduced platelet aggregation. This suppression in the formation of blood clots may be one mechanism by which purple grape juice prevents the blockage of arteries and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Freedman et al., 2001). Another study compared the effect of daily consumption of commercial purple grape juice to that of either orange juice or grapefruit juice on platelet activity (Keevil et al., 2000). The results of this study demonstrated that consuming purple grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, reduced whole blood platelet aggregation. This type of reduction in platelet aggregation may contribute to a reduction of risk factors associated with heart attacks. The positive effect of grape juice was attributed to the high phenolic content of grape juice compared to citrus juices (Freedman et al., 2001). However, Pace-Asciak et al. (1996) found that commercial purple grape juice and purple grape juice enriched with trans-resveratrol did not reduce platelet aggregation as effectively as either red or white wine, suggesting that alcohol plays a role in the health benefits of wine along with phenolic compounds.

Is grape juice good for heart health?

Edralin Lucas, Oklahoma State University. Findings have shown that consumption of grape juice is beneficial to the heart of both healthy individuals and those with existing chronic conditions.

image

1.Cardiovascular Health Benefits of Grape Juice - Extension

Url:https://grapes.extension.org/cardiovascular-health-benefits-of-grape-juice-what-the-research-says/

27 hours ago  · Concord grapes and pure grape juice are beneficial for the heart and help preserve safe and open arteries that increase blood flow. These properties are due to the powerful and …

2.Take A Look at These 10 Health Benefits of Concord …

Url:https://drhealthbenefits.com/food-bevarages/fruits/health-benefits-of-concord-grapes

19 hours ago  · The flavonoids in Concord grape juice benefit your brain, heart and immune system. These plant compounds may lower your risk of cardiac events, reduce inflammation …

3.Is Concord Grape Juice Good for You? | Fruit Of Spirit

Url:https://fruitofspirit.com/blogs/nutrition/concord-grape-juice

3 hours ago  · In their own words, the researchers concluded, “Grape juice has a hypolipidemic and cardiac protective potential, presenting a similar effect as that of simvastatin through a …

4.What Are the Health Benefits of Concord Grape Juice and …

Url:https://www.livestrong.com/article/548054-what-are-the-health-benefits-of-concord-grapes-cranberry-juice/

36 hours ago Similar benefits of red wine and grape juice include protecting blood vessels, decreasing the risk of blood clots, and maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Lower Blood …

5.How Grape Juice Helps Shortness of Breath and Heart …

Url:https://suzycohen.com/articles/how-grape-juice-helps-shortness-of-breath-and-heart-disease/

35 hours ago  · According to one review, the flavonoids found in Concord grape juice could help lower several risk factors for heart disease, including

6.Is Grape Juice Good for You? Pros and Cons, Nutrition

Url:https://www.webmd.com/diet/grape-juice-health-benefits

1 hours ago  · Two decades' worth of research shows that Concord grapes and 100 percent grape juice are good for the heart and help maintain clean and flexible arteries that improve blood …

7.Grape Juice: Nutrients, Benefits, Downsides & More

Url:https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/is-grape-juice-good-for-you

21 hours ago

8.8 Surprising Facts About Concord Grapes - US News

Url:https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/articles/2016-07-25/8-surprising-facts-about-concord-grapes

25 hours ago

9.Concord Grapes: The Good And The Bad | Bulk Natural …

Url:http://bulknaturalfoods.com/concord-grapes-the-good-and-the-bad/

34 hours ago

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9