The keratinized area of the gingiva includes the attached gingiva and some portions of the outer gingival epithelium. The para keratinized gingiva includes the marginal gingiva and portions of the outer gingival epithelium. The non keratinized portion of gingiva includes the gingival col, junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium.
What is the keratinized gingival?
The keratinized gingival is the part of the oral mucosa which covers the gingiva and hard palate. It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva. The width of keratinized gingiva is an important factor when it comes to dental implants.
What is the gingival epithelium made up of?
The outer gingival epithelium consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which covers the attached gingiva and the crest and outer surface of the marginal gingiva. The principal cells of the gingival epithelium are the keratinocytes.
What is the difference between gingiva and oral mucosa?
Oral Mucosa is continuous with the Skin but is entirely different in composition and structure due to the varied functions in the oral cavity. Gingiva is 75% Para Keratinized, 15% Keratinized and 10% non-keratinized.
What are the keratinized areas of oral mucosa?
Keratinized Areas of Oral Mucosa: 1 Masticatory mucosa – Gingiva and Hard palate. 2 Vermillion border of lip. 3 Oral or Outer Epithelium.
What is gingival col?
A valley-like depression which connects the gingival papillae situated in the interproximal space between two teeth. It lies below, and conforms to the shape of, the interproximal contact. It is covered by non-keratinized epithelium. The col is considered an important site for the initiation of chronic periodontitis.
Which part of gingiva is non-Keratinized?
There are two types of gingiva and several important anatomic regions. Alveolar mucosa – The area of tissue beyond the mucogingival junction. It seems less firmly attached and redder than the attached gingiva. It is non-keratinized and provides a softer and more flexible area for the movement of the cheeks and lips.
Is all attached gingiva Keratinized?
(7) Note: not all keratinized gingiva is attached. The free gingival margin, which forms the external border of the periodontal sulcus, is usually keratinized, but certainly not attached to the underlying bone. Gingival recession is the result of loss of alveolar bone and tissue, specifically AG.
Which type of epithelium is gingival composed of?
The gingival epithelium consists of the oral gingival epithelium (OGE), oral sulcular epithelium (OSE), and junctional epithelium (JE) (Fig.
Which oral tissue is Keratinized?
Oral gingival epitheliumOral gingival epithelium is keratinized while the sulcular and junctional epithelia (JE) as well as the lining mucosa are not keratinized (14).
What is the difference between Keratinized and non Keratinized mucosa?
The key difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized epithelium is that keratinized epithelium is impervious to water while nonkeratinized epithelium is pervious to water. Moreover, keratinized epithelium is an effective barrier, while nonkeratinized epithelium is a less effective barrier.
Is free gingival margin Keratinized?
Most of the gingiva is firmly attached to the supporting bone, with a slightly more mobile (usually non-keratinized) area, termed the free (marginal) gingiva, which is the prominent area close to the tooth.
Why is gingiva Keratinized?
Keratinized tissue, also known as keratinized mucosa, refers to the band of tissue surrounding your teeth at the point where they meet the gums. The word "keratinized" is used to describe cells that produce large amounts of a protein called keratin, making them strong and better at forming barriers.
Why is attached gingiva Keratinized?
Attached gingiva is a part of keratinized gingiva which aids in Increase resistance to external injury and contribute in stabilization of gingival margin. Against frictional forces. Dissipating physiological forces exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa on the gingival tissues.
What type of epithelium is free gingiva?
keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumThe cells that make up the free gingiva and attached gingiva are described as keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. However, there is a small area of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the sulcus at the col area.
What type of tissue is the gingiva?
The gingiva is part of the masticatory mucosa that provides an internal defense mechanism against pathogens and mechanical stress. It is composed of a dense, vascular fibrous tissue with a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
What are the 2 types of gingiva?
There are two types of gingivae that are clearly recognizable and they are known as the marginal gingiva that is mobile, and the attached gingiva.
Is Keratinized gingiva the same as attached gingiva?
The keratinized gingival is the part of the oral mucosa which covers the gingiva and hard palate. It extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction and consists of the free gingiva as well as the attached gingiva.
Is attached mucosa Keratinized?
The type of epithelium that covers the lining mucosa is a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium [1]. The rigid mucosa tightly bound to the underlying bone in the attached gingiva and hard palate is known as masticatory mucosa.
What is non Keratinized mucosa?
Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium covers the soft palate, inner lips, inner cheeks, the floor of the mouth, and ventral surface of the tongue. Keratinized squamous epithelium is present in the gingiva and hard palate as well as areas of the dorsal surface of the tongue.
What are the two types of gingiva?
There are two types of gingivae that are clearly recognizable and they are known as the marginal gingiva that is mobile, and the attached gingiva.
What is the outermost moist lining of the oral cavity called?
Keratinized and Non Keratinized areas of Oral Mucousa in Oral Cavity. The outermost moist lining of the Oral cavity is called the Oral Mucosa. It has 3 main functions Protection, Sensation and Secretion. Oral Mucosa is continuous with the Skin but is entirely different in composition and structure due to the varied functions in the oral cavity.
Is the oral mucosa continuous?
Oral Mucosa is continuous with the Skin but is entirely different in composition and structure due to the varied functions in the oral cavity. Based on the function the various areas of the oral cavity have different type of Oral mucosa divided into 2 types: Keratinized oral mucosa and Non Keratinized oral mucosa.
What is the non keratinized portion of the gingival?
The non keratinized portion of gingiva includes the gingival col, junctional epithelium and sulcular epithelium.
What is the tissue of the gingival gland made of?
The gingival tissue is made up of 75% Para keratinized epithelium, about 15 % keratinized and only 10% non keratinized epi thelium.
What is the interdental gingiva?
The interdental gingiva occupies the interproximal spaces between the adjoining teeth. The shape of the interdental gingiva is determined by the contact areas of the adjoining teeth and their mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal and distolingual line angles. In the anterior teeth, the interdental gingiva assumes the conical shape and is referred to as interdental papilla. Generally, the papillary surface is keratinized. In the posterior teeth, the apex of the interdental gingiva is blunted with buccal and lingual peaks. This shape is referred to as “Col”. Col is a depression between the buccal and lingual papillae which conforms to the interproximal contact area 24. The dimensions of the col are determined by the width of the contact area between adjoining teeth. Because it represents the area of fusion of junctional epithelium of two adjoining teeth, it is non-keratinized and is more susceptible to damage from plaque and other noxious stimuli as compared to the keratinized gingiva.
What is the color of gingiva?
Gingiva is that portion of the oral mucosa which covers the tooth-bearing part of the alveolar bone and the cervical neck of the teeth. It is typically coral pink in color, but its color may vary due to physiologic pigmentation among some races. It exhibits no exudate in periodontal health.
What does orange peel mean on the gingival surface?
The attached gingiva is usually ‘stippled’, with small regularly spaced depressions on its surface, giving it an “orange peel appearance” 13, 14. It is considered as a sign of healthy gingiva but it must be remembered that the presence or absence of stippling alone cannot determine the gingival health 15.
What is the attachment of the gingiva?
The attached gingiva is continuous with the oral epithelium of the free gingiva and is firmly bound to the underlying periosteum of the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the free gingiva to the mucogingival junction (Figure 1.5) where the keratinized epithelium of attached gingiva abruptly merges with the non-keratinized epithelium of the alveolar mucosa 3. The mucogingival junction is a stable landmark which is probably genetically determined 12. The attached gingiva is usually ‘stippled’, with small regularly spaced depressions on its surface, giving it an “orange peel appearance” 13, 14. It is considered as a sign of healthy gingiva but it must be remembered that the presence or absence of stippling alone cannot determine the gingival health 15.
What is the boundary between the gingiva and the external tooth surface?
Gingival sulcus : A shallow space between the marginal gingiva and the external tooth surface is termed as gingival sulcus. The boundaries of the gingival sulcus are, Inner: Tooth surface which may be the enamel, cementum, or a part of each, depending on the position of the junctional epithelium.
How deep is the gingival sulcus?
Under absolutely ideal conditions, the sulcus depth is 0 or close to 0 mm 5. This condition can only be achieved in germfree animals or after prolonged and stringent plaque control 6, 7. The histological studies have reported the sulcus depth of 1.8 mm in healthy periodontium with a variation of 0-6 mm 8. Others have reported sulcus depth of 1.12 to 2.91 mm 9 and 0.69 mm 10. In general, sulcular depth less than 2 to 3 mm in humans and animals is considered as normal 11. The depth of gingival sulcus is an important indicator of periodontal status. The inflammation in the periodontal tissues due to plaque accumulation results in the conversion of normal sulcus into a pathological pocket. However, it must be remembered that the depth of a sulcus histologically (histological sulcus depth) is not necessarily the same as the depth which could be measured with a periodontal probe (clinical sulcus depth). Histological sulcus depth is considered as the exact sulcus depth. The sulcus depth determined by probing may be more than the histological depth if the periodontal probe penetrates the connective tissue, especially when it is inflamed or it may be less when the periodontal probe does not reach the bottom of the sulcus.
What is the periodontal ligament?
Periodontium comprises of root cementum , periodontal ligament, bone lining the tooth socket (alveolar bone), and the part of gingiva facing the tooth surfaces (dentogingival junction). All of these tooth-supporting structures are different in terms of tissue architecture, biochemical and chemical composition.
What is the epithelial covering of the col?
The epithelial covering of the col consists of the marginal gingiva of the adjacent teeth, and because it is not keratinized, this area is much more fragile and vulnerable to periodontal breakdown. The col is more pronounced in the broad interdental gingiva of the posterior teeth, a possible reason for periodontal disease often starting between ...
When was dental floss invented?
Dental floss, invented by Dr. Levi Spear Parmly in 1815, is the benchmark interdental cleaning device. The first dental floss patent was granted to J&J in 1898. The drawback of dental floss, however, is that most people dislike the process.
What is the interdental area?
The interdental area is the part of gingiva which extends in between two teeth up to the contact point. The interdental gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure, which is the interproximal space between the teeth, apical to the tooth contact. The interdental embrasure can be pyramidal or have a “col” shape.
Can floss enter col valley?
Floss entry into the col valley is limited by the gingival interdental “peaks”. Numerous studies have shown that interdental brushes clean furcations and root indentations much more effectively; but it is important to choose the appropriately sized brush. The patient must remember which colour-coded size fits where, and must carry various brush sizes. Furthermore, the supporting central wire may scratch, break and be inappropriate for sensitive roots and implants.
How many people have periodontitis?
This equals approximately 64.7 million Americans.
Do teeth erupt as you age?
As individuals age, they are perceived to “get longer in the tooth”. Teeth typically do NOT erupt but the receding gingiva gives that impression. Embrasures and interdental spaces become larger and a thin dental floss can no longer adequately clean this space.
Is interdental cleaning ambiguous?
Much of the research relating to interdental cleaning is ambiguous, uncontrolled, and all too often, manufacturer-sponsored.13 A recent study presented an excellent systematic review evaluating interdental brushes and floss effectiveness for control, bias, objectivity, and significance.13 After an exhaustive review of the data, the conclusions were (a) motivation was a key element, and (b) ease of use of a product would affect the user’s motivation.3
