Is samarium a good conductor of heat and electricity? Samarium hexaboride is a Kondo insulator, that is to say that it has a narrow band gap (of about 10 meV
Electronvolt
In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV; also written electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately 160 zeptojoules (symbol zJ) or 1.6×10 joules (symbol J). By definition, it is the amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
What is the electrical resistivity of samarium?
Electrical resistivity of Samarium is 940 nΩ·m. Electrical resistivity and its converse, electrical conductivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts the flow of electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow of electric current.
What is Samarium in chemistry?
Samarium From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air.
How many protons and electrons are in samarium?
Samarium is a 62. chemical element in the periodic table of elements. It has 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Samarium is Sm.
Is Samarium paramagnetic at room temperature?
Samarium (and its sesquioxide) are paramagnetic at room temperature. Their corresponding effective magnetic moments, below 2 μ B, are the 3rd lowest among the lanthanides (and their oxides) after lanthanum and lutetium.
Is samarium a good conductor?
Properties. Samarium is a metal element so it is a good thermal conductor and a good electrical conductor. Samarium is a shiny solid at room temperature.
What type of metal is samarium?
rare earth metalSamarium is a rare earth metal with a pronounced silver lustre. It oxidizes in air and ignites spontaneously at 150 degrees centigrade. Rare Earth metals are a collection of seventeen chemical elements which include scandium, yttrium and fifteen lanthanoids.
Why samarium is malleable and is a good conductor of electricity?
They are good electrical conductors because the electrons flow freely in them. They are malleable because of the drifting electrons and because the cations slide easily past each other.
What properties does samarium have?
The following are the key properties of samarium:It is a bright, hard silvery metal.It exists in its trivalent state.It is stable in air at normal temperatures.It forms oxide with moist air.It is the hardest and most brittle rare earth element.
Is samarium metal toxic?
Samarium has no biological role, but it has been noted to stimulate metabolism. Soluble samarium salts are mildly toxic by ingestion and there are health hazards associated with these because exposure to samarium causes skin and eye irritation.
Why is samarium hard steel in nature?
Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually has the oxidation state +3....SamariumAtomic number (Z)62Groupgroup n/aPeriodperiod 6Blockf-block47 more rows
Which is the best conductors of electricity?
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals. In fact, silver defines conductivity - all other metals are compared against it. On a scale of 0 to 100, silver ranks 100, with copper at 97 and gold at 76.
Which element is a good conductor?
silverThe most electrically conductive element is silver, followed by copper and gold. Silver also has the highest thermal conductivity of any element and the highest light reflectance.
What makes a metal a good conductor?
Metals are good conductors (both of heat and electricity) because at least one electron per atom is free: i.e., it is not tied to any particular atom, but is, instead, able to move freely throughout the metal.
Does samarium react with water?
Reaction of samarium with water The silvery white metal samarium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water and quite quickly with hot water to form samarium hydroxide, Sm(OH)3, and hydrogen gas (H2).
Why is samarium important?
One of the most important uses of samarium is in the manufacture of very powerful magnets. Samarium is combined with the metal cobalt to make samarium-cobalt, or SmCo, magnets. They are among the strongest magnets known. They also have other desirable properties.
Is samarium a solid liquid or gas?
Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. Classified as a lanthanide, Samarium is a solid at room temperature.
Is samarium highly reactive?
Samarium is a fairly reactive metal. It tends to combine with many other substances under relatively mild conditions. For example, it reacts with water to release hydrogen gas. It also combines easily with oxygen and will ignite (catch fire) at about 150°C (300°F).
Is samarium an element?
Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. Classified as a lanthanide, Samarium is a solid at room temperature.
Is europium a metal nonmetal or metalloid?
europium (Eu), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table.
Is samarium cobalt a permanent magnet?
Samarium cobalt magnets (also known as SmCo magnets), are extremely powerful permanent magnets. Part of the rare-earth magnet family, SmCo magnets rank similarly in strength to neodymium magnets but have much higher temperature stability and higher coercivity. They can operate at temperatures up to 525°F (300°C).
What are the compounds of samarium?
Compounds of samarium (II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium (II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role but is only slightly toxic.
How is samarium made?
Samarium can also be obtained by reducing its oxide with lanthanum. The product is then distilled to separate samarium (boiling point 1794 °C) and lanthanum (b.p. 3464 °C).
How much samarium is in the blood?
The total amount of samarium in adults is about 50 μg, mostly in liver and kidneys and with about 8 μg/L being dissolved in the blood.
What is the concentration of samarium?
Samarium occurs with concentration up to 2.8% in several minerals including cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite and bastnäsite, the last two being the most common commercial sources of the element.
How is samarium carbide prepared?
Samarium carbides are prepared by melting a graphite-metal mixture in an inert atmosphere. After the synthesis, they are unstable in air and are studied also under inert atmosphere. Samarium monophosphide SmP is a semiconductor with the bandgap of 1.10 eV, the same as in silicon, and high electrical conductivity of n-type. It can be prepared by annealing at 1100 °C an evacuated quartz ampoule containing mixed powders of phosphorus and samarium. Phosphorus is highly volatile at high temperatures and may explode, thus the heating rate has to be kept well below 1 °C/min. Similar procedure is adopted for the monarsenide SmAs, but the synthesis temperature is higher at 1800 °C.
What is the atomic number of samarium?
Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium (II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, ...
Where was samarium discovered?
The Swiss chemist Marc Delafontaine announced a new element decipium (from Latin: decipiens meaning "deceptive, misleading") in 1878, but later in 1880–1881 demonstrated that it was a mixture of several elements, one being identical to the Boisbaudran's samarium. Although samarskite was first found in the remote Russian region of Urals, by the late 1870s its deposits had been located in other places making the mineral available to many researchers. In particular, it was found that the samarium isolated by Boisbaudran was also impure and contained comparable amount of europium. The pure element was produced only in 1901 by Eugène-Anatole Demarçay.
What is samarium 149?
Samarium is a typical member of the lanthanide series, it is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. Although classified as a rare earth element, samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is more common than such metals as tin. In nuclear industry, especially natural and artificial samarium 149 has an important impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. Samarium 149 has a very large neutron capture cross-section (about 42,000 barns). Since natural samarium contains about 14% of 149Sm, it can be used as an absorbing material in control rods.
Why does a liquid have a higher potential energy than a solid?
This means energy must be supplied to a solid in order to melt it and energy is released from a liquid when it freezes, because the molecules in the liquid experience weaker intermolecular forces and so have a higher potential energy (a kind of bond-dissociation energy for intermolecular forces).
What is the charge of an atom?
Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. In a neutral atom there are as many electrons as protons moving about nucleus. It is the electrons that are responsible for the chemical bavavior of atoms, and which identify the various chemical elements.
What is the lightest element on the periodic table?
With a standard atomic weight of circa 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.
Is metal a solid?
Metals are solids and as such they possess crystalline structure where the ions (nuclei with their surrounding shells of core electrons) occupy translationally equivalent positions in the crystal lattice. Metals in general have high electrical conductivity , high thermal conductivity, and high density. Accordingly, transport of thermal energy may be due to two effects:
What is samarium used for?
Samarium is used to dope calcium chloride crystals for use in optical lasers. Samarium oxide (Sm2O3) has been used in optical glass to absorb the infrared and as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors and as a catalytic for the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
Why is neodymium used in microwaves?
Due to it’s Magnetism remain same at high temperature, It is also used in microwave applications. It enabled the miniaturization of electronic devices like headphones, and personal stereos etc.. Although, neodymium magnets are now more commonly used instead.
What element is 62?
Samarium Sm (Element 62) of Periodic Table. Samarium is a Bright silvery-white metallic lusture, Lanthanide group of the periodic table. It is relatively stable in dry air at room temperature, but it ignites in air when heated above 150 oC and forms an oxide coating in moist air.
Is samarium a sulfide?
Samarium is a Bright silvery-white metallic lusture, Lanthanide group of the periodic table.#N#It is relatively stable in dry air at room temperature, but it ignites in air when heated above 150 oC and forms an oxide coating in moist air.#N#Samarium sulfide(Sm2S3) has excellent high-temperature stability and good thermoelectric efficiencies up to 1100°C.
Overview
Compounds
The most stable oxide of samarium is the sesquioxide Sm2O3. Like many samarium compounds, it exists in several crystalline phases. The trigonal form is obtained by slow cooling from the melt. The melting point of Sm2O3 is high (2345 °C), so it is usually melted not by direct heating, but with induction heating, through a radio-frequency coil. Sm2O3 crystals of monoclinic symmetry can b…
Physical properties
Samarium is a rare earth element with hardness and density similar to zinc. With boiling point 1794 °C, samarium is the third most volatile lanthanide after ytterbium and europium; this helps separation of samarium from ore. At ambient conditions, samarium normally has a rhombohedral structure (α form). Upon heating to 731 °C, its crystal symmetry changes to hexagonal close-packed (hcp), but transition temperature depends on metal purity. Further heating to 922 °C tra…
Chemical properties
Freshly prepared samarium has a silvery luster. In air, it slowly oxidizes at room temperature and spontaneously ignites at 150 °C. Even when stored under mineral oil, samarium gradually oxidizes and develops a grayish-yellow powder of the oxide-hydroxide mixture at the surface. The metallic appearance of a sample can be preserved by sealing it under an inert gas such as argon.
Samarium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water and quite quickly with hot w…
Isotopes
Naturally occurring samarium is composed of five stable isotopes: Sm, Sm, Sm, Sm and Sm, and two extremely long-lived radioisotopes, Sm (half-life t1/2 = 1.06×10 years) and Sm (7×10 years), with Sm being the most abundant (26.75%). Sm is listed by various sources either as stable or radioactive, but only a lower bound for its half-life is given. Some samarium isotopes are predicted to decay to isotopes of neodymium.
History
Detection of samarium and related elements was announced by several scientists in the second half of the 19th century; however, most sources give priority to French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Boisbaudran isolated samarium oxide and/or hydroxide in Paris in 1879 from the mineral samarskite ((Y,Ce,U,Fe)3(Nb,Ta,Ti)5O16) and identified a new element in it via …
Occurrence and production
With the average concentration of about 8 parts per million (ppm), samarium is the 40th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is the fifth most abundant lanthanide and is more common than elements such as tin. Samarium concentration in soils varies between 2 and 23 ppm, and oceans contain about 0.5–0.8 parts per trillion. Distribution of samarium in soils strongly depends o…
Applications
One of the most important uses of samarium is samarium–cobalt magnets, which are nominally SmCo5 or Sm2Co17. They have high permanent magnetization, about 10,000 times that of iron and second only to neodymium magnets. But samarium magnets resist demagnetization better; they are stable to temperatures above 700 °C (cf. 300–400 °C for neodymium magnets). Thes…