Do safety data sheets (SDSs) contain indicators of cancer risk?
In industry, there are many potential exposures to carcinogens. Generally, workplace exposures are considered to be at higher levels than for public exposures. Safety data sheets (SDSs) should always contain an indication of carcinogenic potential.
What are carcinogens and carcinogens?
Carcinogens are agents that can cause cancer. In industry, there are many potential exposures to carcinogens. Generally, workplace exposures are considered to be at higher levels than for public exposures. Safety data sheets (SDSs) should always contain an indication of carcinogenic potential.
Is DSDS carcinogenic?
SDS is not carcinogenic when consumed or applied directly, even to amounts and concentrations that exceed amounts used in standard commercial products.
What is a presumed or suspected human carcinogen?
Substances which have induced benign and malignant tumours in well performed experimental studies on animals are considered also to be presumed or suspected human carcinogens unless there is strong evidence that the mechanism of tumour formation is not relevant for humans. There are 3 hazard categories for carcinogenicity under GHS.
What type of hazard is carcinogen?
All carcinogens and mutagens are hazardous chemical agents.
What is carcinogenic material?
… A carcinogen is a substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer. Carcinogens may occur naturally in the environment (such as ultraviolet rays in sunlight and certain viruses) or may be generated by humans (such as automobile exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke).
Which is the most common carcinogen in the workplace?
Asbestos, second hand smoke, and benzene are the carcinogens that people are most commonly exposed to at work.
What are OSHA carcinogens?
Carcinogens are agents that can cause cancer. In industry, there are many potential exposures to carcinogens. Generally, workplace exposures are considered to be at higher levels than for public exposures. Safety data sheets (SDSs) should always contain an indication of carcinogenic potential.
What are 3 examples of carcinogens?
A few well-known carcinogens are asbestos, nickel, cadmium, radon, vinyl chloride, benzidene, and benzene. These carcinogens may act alone or with another carcinogen to increase your risk. For example, asbestos workers who also smoke have a higher risk of lung cancer.
What are 10 examples of carcinogens?
Common Carcinogens You Should KnowTobacco.Radon.Asbestos.Crispy, Brown Foods.Formaldehyde.Ultraviolet Rays.Alcohol.Processed Meat.More items...•
Which of the following is carcinogen?
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, benzene, kepone, EDB, and asbestos have all been classified as carcinogenic.
What is a Category 1 carcinogen?
Group 1: "Carcinogenic to humans" There is enough evidence to conclude that it can cause cancer in humans. IARC definition and list of compounds. Group 2A: "Probably carcinogenic to humans" There is strong evidence that it can cause cancer in humans, but at present it is not conclusive.
What are the most carcinogenic foods?
Of these, red and processed meats raise the most concern in terms of cancer risk. Red meat includes pork, beef, veal, and lamb. Processed meat includes bacon, ham, lunch meats, meat jerky, hot dogs, salami, and other cured meat products.
What carcinogens are in cigarettes?
In summary, cigarette smoke contains diverse carcinogens. PAH, N-nitrosamines, aromatic amines, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, aldehydes, and ethylene oxide are probably the most important carcinogens because of their carcinogenic potency and levels in cigarette smoke.
Is lead a carcinogen OSHA?
Based on limited evidence of human carcinogenic effects, workers may develop stomach cancer and lung cancer following inhalation exposure to lead, but more studies are needed to demonstrate the cancer risks compared to the levels and durations of lead exposure, and possibly confounding factors such as smoking, diet, ...
How many carcinogens does OSHA regulate?
Thirteen OSHAAppendix B - Thirteen OSHA-Regulated Carcinogens.
What foods are high in carcinogens?
Of these, red and processed meats raise the most concern in terms of cancer risk. Red meat includes pork, beef, veal, and lamb. Processed meat includes bacon, ham, lunch meats, meat jerky, hot dogs, salami, and other cured meat products....Protein.Meat.Fish.Poultry.Shellfish.Dairy products.Eggs.
How do you determine if something is a carcinogen?
Another important way to identify carcinogens is through epidemiology studies, which look at different groups of people to determine which factors might be linked to cancer. These studies also provide useful information, but they have their limits. Humans don't live in a controlled environment.
How does the body get rid of carcinogens?
Six Ways to Detox Your Life from CarcinogensStay Active. Exercising for as little as 30 minutes will reduce the risk of cancer for a multitude of reasons. ... Choose a Cancer-Fighting Diet. ... One Drink a Day. ... Be Aware of Indoor Toxins. ... Live Tobacco-Free. ... Avoid Sun Damage.
What meat is carcinogenic?
The World Health Organization has classified processed meats including ham, bacon, salami and frankfurts as a Group 1 carcinogen (known to cause cancer) which means that there's strong evidence that processed meats cause cancer. Eating processed meat increases your risk of bowel and stomach cancer.
How is SDS made?
SDS is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide gas, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate. The resulting product is then neutralized through the addition of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
What is the formula for sodium dodecyl sulfate?
Sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate ( SLS ), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula C H 3(CH2)11 SO 4 Na. It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This molecule is an organosulfate and a salt.
What is sodium lauryl sulfate used for?
Sodium lauryl sulfate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.
How does SDS work?
In the case of SDS-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes. By binding to proteins at a ratio of one SDS molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio. In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape. It is possible to make separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain to simplify the analysis of protein molecules, this can be achieved by denaturing proteins with the detergent SDS. The association of SDS molecules with protein molecules imparts an associated negative charge to the molecular aggregate formed; this negative charge is significantly greater than the original charge of that protein. The electrostatic repulsion that is created by SDS binding forces proteins into a rod-like shape, thereby eliminating differences in shape as a factor for electrophoretic separation in gels. A dodecyl sulfate molecule has two negative charges at the pH value used for electrophoresis, this will lead the net charge of coated polypeptide chains to be much more negative than uncoated chains. The charge-to-mass ratio is essentially identical for different proteins because SDS coating dominates the charge.
What is SDS in chemistry?
For instance, SDS is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS). SDS is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.
What is the tail of a dodecyl sulfate?
It consists of a 12-carbon tail attached to a sulfate group, that is, it is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate, the ester of dodecyl alcohol and sulfuric acid. Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar " headgroup " give the compound amphiphilic properties and so make it useful as a detergent.
What is SDS in cleaning?
Also derived as a component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils, SDS is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.
What is group 1 IARC?
GROUP 1 : the agent may be a carcinogenic mixture for humans (proven carcinogen or certainly carcinogenic). The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is only used when sufficient indications of carcinogenicity for humans are available. Beginning of August 2012, 108 agents are classified in Group 1 of IARC. This group is divided in sub-groups: agents and groups of agents, complex mixtures, occupational exposures and others.
What are the most common carcinogens?
Are classified as human carcinogens: 1 Asbestos, 2 Aminobiphenyl, 3 Arsenic and its compounds, 4 Benzene, 5 Benzidine, 6 Chloroethylene, 7 Beryllium and its compounds, 8 The bis (chloromethyl)ether and the chloromethylether (technical grade), 9 Chromium VI and its compounds with the exception of barium chromate classified in group 1B in the European Union, 10 Coal tar, 11 Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline) (it is worth mentioning that it is classified as probable carcinogen A2 of the ACGIH), 12 Naphtylamine.
What is CLP classification?
Classification of the European Union (CLP) Category 1A: includes substances whose potential carcinogenicity for humans is known; classification in this category is primarily based on human data. Category 1B: includes substances whose carcinogenic potential to humans is presumed, classification in this category is primarily based on animal data.
What is the IARC?
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC or CIRC in French) distinguishes four main groups or physical factors on the basis of existing scientific data to assess their carcinogenic potential.
How many agents are there in Group 2B?
GROUP 2B: 272 agents appear on this list of agents probably carcinogenic to humans. There is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and evidence for animals, or insufficient evidence for human beings but sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals ( possible carcinogens ).
What is Group 4?
GROUP 4: to indicate agents which are probably not carcinogenic for human beings. (Evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity in humans and in experimental animals). Only one agent is thus classified: Caprolactam.
What is the classification of 1A and 1B?
In summary, classification in category 1A and 1B is based on evidential weight of data which may be derived from studies on human beings with a causal link between human exposure to a substance and cancer occurrence (category 1A) and animal experiments for which there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate animal carcinogenicity (presumed human carcinogen) (category 1B)
What is the classification of carcinogens?
A carcinogen refers to a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances which induce cancer or increase its incidence rate. Substances which have induced benign and malignant tumours in well performed experimental studies on animals are considered also to be presumed or suspected human ...
How many categories of carcinogenicity are there?
There are 3 hazard categories for carcinogenicity under GHS.
Is OSHA based on animal studies?
US OSHA has further provided guidance on GHS carcinogenicity classification based on animal studies. We have summarized the key points here.
How long did the Fischer rats die?
Groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer 344 rats, six weeks of age, were fed diet containing 0, 10.000 or 20.000 ppm OPP for 103 weeks and were killed 105 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Mean body weight of high-dose rats of each group was lower than those of the corresponding controls. The survival of the treated animals were not influenced by the treatment. High-dose male rats had a significant increase (p= 0.01, Fisher’s exact test) in the combined incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules (control, 2/50 (4%); low-dose, 5/50 (10%); high-dose 13/50 (26%)) (The term neoplastic nodule is now generally assumed to represent hepatocellular adenomas). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas alone or neoplastic nodules alone was not significantly increased. In female rats, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas was increased in high dose rats (8/50; 16%; p=0.003) compared to controls (0/50; 0%) and that of neoplastic nodules was also increased in high dose females (6/50 12%; p<0.03 compared with controls (0/50; 0%). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules combined was also increased in low-dose (8/50; 16%; p<0.01), and high-dose (15/50; 30% ; p<0.001) females compared with controls (0/50; 0%) (2)
How long did mice survive in the B6C3F1 group?
Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice, six weeks of age , were fed diet containing 0, 10.000 or 20.000 ppm OPP for 103 weeks and were killed 104 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Mean body weight of treated mice of each group was lower than those of the corresponding control and the decrease in weight gain was dose related. The survival of the treated animals were similar to that of the controls. OPP increased the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in both males (4/50 (8%) control, 8/50 (16%) low-dose and 15/50 (30%; p<0.0025 Fisher’s exact test) high-dose animals and females (1/50 (2%) control, 4/50 (8%) low-dose, and 6/50 (12%) high-dose animals). Hepatocellular carcinomas were observed in 6/50 (12%) control, 10/49 (20%) low-dose, and 13/49 (27%) high-dose males and 1/50 (2%) control, 14/50 (28%;
How long did Fischer 344 rats take ARA?
Groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer 344 rats, six weeks of age, were administered ARA (purity, >99%) in the diet at concentrations of 0, 2000 or 4000 ppm for 102-103 weeks. Mean body weights of treated male and female rats were lower than those of the corresponding controls. Mortality was not significantly affected by the treatment. In male, the incidence of sarcomas, fibrosarcomas, angiosarcomas or osteosarcomas (combined) of multiple organs was 0/50 (0%), 15/50 (30%; p = 0.003, Fisher’s exact test) and 40/50 (80%; p>0.001); and that of mesotheliomas of multiple organs or tunica vaginalis was 0/50 (0%), 18/50 (p<0.001, Fisher’s exact test) and 22/50 (44%; p<0.001) in control, low- and high-dose groups, respectively. In females, the incidence of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder was 0/50 (0%), 9/45 (20%; p =
What is the purpose of classification for carcinogenicity?
For the purpose of classification for carcinogenicity, chemical substances are allocated to one of two classes based on strength of evidence and additional considerations ( weight of evidence). In certain instances route specific classification may be warranted.
Is OPP genotoxic?
OPP has been studied extensively for its genotoxic effects in a wide range of test systems, both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of these studies did not reveal any activity. No mutagenic activity was observed in bacteria. In fungi, there was no evidence of recombinational events or mutation. In cultured mammalian cells, no primary DNA damage, mutation, sister chromatid exchange or chromosomal aberrations were induced. In vivo, neither covalent binding to DNA nor DNA strand breakage was induced. Dominant lethal effects were not found in male mice.
Does OPP cause peroxisome proliferation?
considerably amount of information on the hepatic effect of orally administer ed OPP indicate that it causes peroxisome proliferation (ultrastructural effects and enzyme induction), hepatomegaly and increased replicative DNA synthesis in rats and mice. Hepatic peroxisome proliferation depends on a nuclear receptor, PPARa, to mediate these effects in mice, based on lack of response to peroxisome proliferators in PPARa-deficient mice. Oral administration of OPP failed to elicit markers of peroxisome proliferation in PPARa-deficient mice, while the same treatment elicited this response in normal mice.
Is there a correction for smoking in a CAC study?
In a cohort study in a factory using CAC, an increase in lung lancer was observed. However, no correction for smoking had been carried out. The study provides inadequate evidence in humans for carcinogenicity.
What is the name of the agent that causes cancer?
Carcinogen. A carcinogen is an agent with the capacity to cause cancer in humans. Carcinogens may be natural, such as aflatoxin, which is produced by a fungus and sometimes found on stored grains, or manmade, such as asbestos or tobacco smoke.
What can we do once we have identified carcinogens?
Importantly, once we have identified carcinogens, we can then go on to take specific measures to limit our exposure and so reduce the incidence of specific cancers associated with carcinogens, for example, limiting asbestos exposure. Daphne W. Bell, Ph.D.
Is asbestos a carcinogen?
Interestingly, some carcinogenic agents are associated with increasing the risk of developing specific types of cancer. One good example is the carcinogen asbestos. Asbestos exposure, particularly to workers in industrial settings, has actually been strongly linked to the development of a specific type of lung cancer called mesothelioma.
What is the registry of toxic effects of chemicals?
Note: The " Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances " published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicated whether a chemical had been found by NTP or IARC to be a potential carcinogen.
What is the term for a substance that causes cancer?
Definition. A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer (or is believed to cause cancer). A carcinogenic material is one that is known to cause cancer. The process of forming cancer cells from normal cells or carcinomas is called carcinogenesis.
What percentage of a mixture is considered carcinogenic?
Section A.6.3 of Appendix A to HCS 2012, any mixture that has not been tested for carcinogenic properties is considered to be carcinogenic if it contains 0.1 % or more of a carcinogenic substance.
What is the Toxcast dashboard?
The US EPA has a ToxCast Dashboard helps users examine high-throughput assay data to inform chemical safety decisions on over 9,000 chemicals as well as additional research tools.
What is a known carcinogen?
Additional Info. A known human carcinogen means there is sufficient evidence of a cause and effect relationship between exposure to the material and cancer in humans. Such determination requires evidence from epidemiologic (demographic and statistical), clinical, and/or tissue/cell studies involving humans who were exposed to ...
Is the HazCom 2012 hazard classification based on absolute determination?
The current edition of the HazCom Standard (HCS 2012) backs off somewhat on that absolute determination schema and expands the scope of the carcinogenicity determination. While a carcinogenic hazard classification must given to the material if it is listed under 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z per Section A.6.4.2 and the SDS author has the option of relying on the IARC and NTP data to make the classification, the author is not required to automatically classify substances as carcinogens based solely on NTP or IARC data.
How many data sources does PubChem have?
PubChem, at NIH, has information on hundreds of millions of chemicals/substances from over 700 data sources.
Overview
Safety
SDS is not carcinogenic. Like all detergents, sodium lauryl sulfate removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation. It has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults. SDS may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others.
The low cost of SDS, its lack of impact on taste, its potential impact on volatile sulfur compound…
Physicochemical properties
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62. The micelle ionization fraction (α) is around 0.3 (or 30%).
Applications
SDS is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications. It is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues. For example, it is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.
Production
SDS is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate. Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols. When produced from these sources, "SDS" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with SDS being the main component. For instance, SDS is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco …
See also
• Sodium tetradecyl sulfate, another anionic surfactant in common use
• Mouth ulcer
External links
• Josh Clark, "Why does orange juice taste bad after you brush your teeth?"
• This improbable membrane can trap flies in a jar—and odor in a toilet on YouTube published on Aug 24, 2018 Science (journal)
IARC Classification
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC or CIRC in French) distinguishes four main groups or physical factors on the basis of existing scientific data to assess their carcinogenic potential. GROUP 1: the agent may be a carcinogenic mixture for humans (proven carcinogen or certainly carcinogenic). The exposure circumstance entails expos...
Classification of The Acgih
- The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) distinguishes five categories of chemicals or carcinogenic agents: 1. GROUP A1: confirmed human carcinogens (group 1 of IARC and category 1A of the European Union). 2. GROUP A2: suspected human carcinogens (group 2A of IARC and category 1B of European Union). 3. GROUP A3: confirmed an…
Classification of The European Union
- Category 1A: includes substances whose potential carcinogenicity for humans is known; classification in this category is primarily based on human data. Category 1B: includes substances whose carcinogenic potential to humans is presumed, classification in this category is primarily based on animal data. In summary, classification in category 1A and 1B is based on …
The Differences
- It may therefore be estimated that chemicals classified in group 1 of IARC, A1 of the ACGIH and in category 1A of the European Union are human categories. It is important to point out that substantial differences exist, comparing the three lists of carcinogens with each other. Each of these differences cannot be detailed here; we will simply cite the most used substances. If we ta…
Some Examples to Remember
- Many chemicals are classified as carcinogens only by the IARC : 1. Azathiopirine, 2. Chlornaphazine, 3. Myleran, 4. Chlorambucil, 5. Semustine, 6. Cyclosporine, 7. Oral contraceptives, 8. Cyclophosphamide, 9. Diethylsilbestrol, 10. Etoposide combined with cisplastine and bleomycine, 11. Yperite, 12. Helicobacter pylori infections, 13. Radioactive iodine, 14. Melphalan…
Other Differences Give Rise to Questions
- These classification differences can no doubt be explained by the limits of animal testing and other differences in interpretation of human and experimental data but must question ourselves. For greater safety and security, it seems logical to consider that the classification the most restrictive must be respected but this requires a clear understanding of the various lists. These li…