| Basic Characteristics | Properties (Serratia marcescens) |
|---|---|
| Capsule | Negative (-ve) |
| Catalase | Positive (+ve) |
| Citrate | Positive (+ve) |
| Flagella | Positive (+ve) |
Is Serratia Gram positive or negative?
Introduction of Serratia Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lacking spores and capsules bacteria of the family, Enterobacteriaceae. This is a Gram-negative rod/ bacilli that thrive in moist environments.
What are the enzymes in Serratia marcescens?
Serratia marcescens produces extracellular enzymes that include a nuclease, a lipase, two chitinases, and several proteases. The extracellular endonuclease of S. marcescens nonspecifically cleaves double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, as well as RNA.
What are the different types of positive catalase?
Catalase-positive. DNase-positive. Voges-Proskauer-positive, except S. fonticola . ONPG-positive. Lysine-Decarboxylase-positive.
What does Serratia look like on nutrient agar?
Nonpigmented species or biotypes of Serratia produce opaque-whitish, mucoid, or transparent smooth colonies on nutrient agar. Some strains of S. liquefaciens, S. odorifera, S. plymuthica, and S. ficaria can grow at 4–5 °C; other strains of S. odorifera, S. marcescens, and S. rubidaea can grow at 40 °C.
Is Serratia a catalase?
Catalase Activity in Serratia Strains Catalase activity was detected in the cell lysate following sonication, in the soluble fraction (supernatant) of the lysate following centrifugation, in heated (50°C) lysate and in intact cells, but not in the pelleted cell debris or in boiled supernatant (Fig. 4).
Is Serratia marcescens positive for oxidase?
While all the organisms are gram negative rods, S. marcescens is the only lactose nonfermenter that is motile, oxidase negative and indole negative.
How do you test for Serratia?
1:013:26Serratia Biochemical test results - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo this video will help you to refresh your memory catalase test test result is positive verges ProMoreSo this video will help you to refresh your memory catalase test test result is positive verges Pro score test test result is positive Simmons Citra date guard test. Test. Result is positive.
Is Serratia marcescens acid fast positive or negative?
negativeBacteria Collection: Serratia marcescens Additional InformationSusceptibility Testing Text:Potassium cyanide : +Acid Fast Staining Text:negativeMotility At 25°C Text:positiveEmulsifiability Text:easyStaining:< easy & even13 more rows
Is Serratia marcescens positive for catalase?
Gram staining showed that they were gram negative bacilli which were catalase positive and oxidase negative. The organisms were motile and they showed DNAse and gelatinase production.
What test determines Serratia marcescens?
Biochemical Test and Identification of Serratia marcescensBasic CharacteristicsProperties (Serratia marcescens)Gram StainingNegative (-ve)H2SNegative (-ve)IndoleNegative (-ve)MotilityPositive (+ve)59 more rows•Aug 9, 2022
Why does Serratia marcescens produce a red pigment?
The bacterium has a protein that causes a reaction that is particularly fast at high temperature. This reaction probably prevents a gene from being expressed, a gene that makes the red pigment.
Does Serratia marcescens have an odor?
Colonies often appear opaque, somewhat iridescent, white, pink, magenta, or red. Cultures can produce two kinds of odors, a fishy to urinary odor or a musty, potato-like odor.
What agar does Serratia marcescens grow on?
Culture: S. marcescens grows well on blood agar and MacConkey agar. It is non-lactose fermenting. Some strains produce a red pigment in nutrient agar, tryptic soy agar, MacConkey agar at room temperature.
What are the characteristics of Serratia marcescens?
Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) is a gram-negative bacillus that occurs naturally in soil and water and produces a red pigment at room temperature. It is associated with urinary and respiratory infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, septicemia, wound infections, eye infections, and meningitis.
What does Serratia marcescens ferment?
Serratia marcescens was able to metabolize mannitol to produce acid, but gas was not produced. Glucose – Positive for the fermentation of glucose to produce acid, but negative for the production of gas.
Is Serratia a facultative anaerobe?
Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen which produces the red pigment prodigiosin.
Which bacteria are oxidase positive?
Oxidase Positive Organisms: Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Alcaligens, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Brucella, Pasteurella, Moraxella, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, etc.
Is Streptococcus oxidase positive or negative?
oxidase negativeThe test can be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae (oxidase positive) from Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. (oxidase negative).
Are all aerobic bacteria oxidase positive?
Oxidase Test - Virtual Interactive Bacteriology Laboratory. The oxidase test is used to identify bacteria that produce cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme of the bacterial electron transport chain. (note: All bacteria that are oxidase positive are aerobic, and can use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor in respiration.
Why are strict Aerobes oxidase positive?
Strict anaerobes are oxidase positive because molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
What is the pigment of Serratia marcescens?
The pigment of Serratia marcescens: Serratia has a good feature forming a pink, red, or magenta, a non-diffusible pigment called prodigiosin. Pigment expresses optimally at room temperature whereas no pigmentation at 37°C. Members of this genus produce characteristic pigment, prodigiosin, and can be distinguished from other members of the Enterobacteriaceae by its unique production of three enzymes -DNase, lipase, and gelatinase.
Which species fail to grow at 4°C?
Only S. marcescens and S. rubidaea fail to grow at 4 °C.
What is the best characterized member of the genus Serratia?
Serratia marcescens is the best-characterized member of the genus. Another species of this genus is Serratia entomophila, an insect pathogen that causes amber disease in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica.
How does Serratia marcescens respond to the environment?
Serratia marcescens responds to the environment with changes in shape and movement. In liquid media, the cells are short rods known as swimmers, with one or two flagella. On 0.70–0.85% agar, they transform to swarmers – aseptate, elongated cells with 10–100 lateral flagella.
What is Serratia genus?
The genus Serratia is named after Serafino Serrati, an Italian physicist, and belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, tribe Klebsiellae. Nine species have been isolated from clinical as well as food samples: Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia rubidaea (also called Serratia marinorubra ), Serratia ficaria, Serratia fonticola, Serratia odorifera, Serratia plymuthica, Serratia grimesii, and Serratia proteamaculans ( Tables 1 and 2 ). Serratia marcescens is the best-characterized member of the genus. Another species of this genus is Serratia entomophila, an insect pathogen that causes amber disease in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica. As in other microorganisms, the classification of species is based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests ( Table 1 ). The differentiation of types within each species is based on biotyping, serotyping, phage typing, bacteriocin typing, whole-cell protein fingerprinting, and DNA analysis.
What are the different types of Serratia species?
Serratia species, Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia plymuthica, Serratia rubidaea, Serratia fonticola, Serratia marnorubra, Serratia proteamaculans, and Serratia odorifera, are opportunistic pathogens and can be isolated from water, soil, plants, and air. Serratia species secrete several virulence factors, such as DNase, lipase, gelatinase, hemolysin, proteases, chitinase, chloroperoxidase, and multiple isozymes of alkaline phosphatase, and also produce carbapenem antibiotics, a red pigment named prodigiosin ( Figure 29 ), and biosurfactants. Besides these phenotypes, biofilm formation and swarming motility are also regulated by quorum sensing. LuxR and LuxI homologues have been identified from each species, such as SmaI and SmaR in Serratia sp. ATCC39006, SpnI and SpnR in S. marcescens, SprI and SprR in S. proteamaculans, and SwrI and SwrR in S. liquefaciens. SmaI and SwrI produce C4-HSL and C6-HSL. SpnI produces C6-HSL, C7-HSL, C8-HSL, and 3-oxo-C6-HSL. C7-HSL, borne with odd number of acyl chain, is very rare among natural products. SprI produces only 3-oxo-C6-HSL. SwrR in S. liquefaciens acts as an activator like LuxR, but SamR, SpnR, and SprR act as a repressor like VirR or ExpR in Erwinia species. 305
What temperature does Serratia grow?
odorifera, S. plymuthica, and S. ficaria can grow at 4–5 °C; other strains of S. odorifera, S. marcescens, and S. rubidaea can grow at 40 °C. Most Serratia strains can grow from pH 5 to 9 and are among the bacteria that can grow in foods with water activity of 0.91–0.95.
Why are serratia important?
Serratia species are important in food microbiology, not only because they are involved in food spoilage, but also because they are opportunistic pathogens that can cause various diseases in humans and animals. The diseased food animals, in turn, may produce contaminated milk or meat, with further spread of the bacteria occurring through contaminated milking machines or other equipments. Flies also may be the vehicles of transmission in food establishments.
How many nucleotides are in the genome of Serratia?
The complete genomes of some species of Serratia have been sequenced. The circular DNA is reported to have 5 113 802–5 488 853 nucleotides. The mol % G+C of the DNA is 52–60. In addition, several plasmids of various sizes, ranging from 2.1 to 275 kb, have been detected in different species of Serratia and have been sequenced.
What type of polymerase chain reaction is used to identify Serratia?
Serological typing and different types of polymerase chain reaction can be used to identify the Serratia. Biotyping, bacteriocin typing, phage typing, plasmid analysis, and ribotyping can also be used. Most strains of S. marcescens appear red on trypticase soy agar slants when grown at around 25 °C. S. marcescens and S. liquefaciens can be easily confused in the lab when using the analytical profile index system. They can both oxidise arabinose, but only S. liquefaciens can ferment arabinose in peptone water. The virulence of Serratia strains can also be identifiable by type 4 fimbriae, small hair-like projections.
What are the virulence factors of Serratia?
Serratia secrete a host of virulence factors including prodigiosin, biosurfactants, DNAse, lipase, protease, gelatinase, hemolysin, chitinase, chloroperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Prodigiosin, a growth pigment, is often used as a phenotypic identification marker of Serratia species due to its red colorization.
What are the most common Serratia plants?
The plant types with highest Serratia prevalence are vegetables, mushrooms, mosses, grasses, and decaying plant material . Serratia has been consistently found in figs and coconuts. S. marcescens and S. ficaria are often found in Calimyrna figs. Several species related to Serratia have also been identified on Smyrna figs and its fig wasps. Only one species of Serratia, S. marinorubra, have been identified on coconuts from various regions of the world, including California, France, and Brazil. Both S. marcescens and certain strains of Enterobacter were also identified in rhizospheres of coconut palms.
How many species of Serratia are there?
Currently, four species of Serratia have been found in sea water: S. marcescens, S. liquefaciens, S. plymuthica, and S. marinorubra. S. marcescens is the most abundant, comprising approximately half of all strains found. S. aquatilis is a novel species of Serratia found in drinking water.
How is S. marcescens transmitted?
S. marcescens is thought to be transmitted through hand-to-hand transmission by non-infected people via hand to hand transmission, hospital equipment, hospital personnel. In the hospital, Serratia species tend to colonize the respiratory and urinary tracts, rather than the gastrointestinal tract, in adults. Serratia infection is responsible for about 2% of nosocomial infections of the bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, surgical wounds, and skin and soft tissues and other ailments that are commonly caused by other bacteria. Outbreaks of S. marcescens meningitis, wound infections, and arthritis have occurred in pediatric wards.
What are the applications of serratia surfactantfaciens?
Biosurfactants have been isolated from Serratia marcescens, Serratia rubidaea and Serratia surfactantfaciens for their range of applications including emulsification, surface, antifouling, antitumor, and antimicrobial activity.
What is Serratia marcescens?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Serratia marcescens, a typical species, on XLD agar. Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Yersiniaceae. According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing Nomenclature (LPSN), there are currently 19 species of Serratia ...
Species
Macroscopic Appearance
- Colonies often appear opaque, somewhat iridescent, white, pink, magenta, or red. Cultures can produce two kinds of odors, a fishy to urinary odor or a musty, potato-like odor.
Key Biochemical Reactions
- Catalase-positive.
- DNase-positive.
- Voges-Proskauer-positive, except S. fonticola .
- ONPG-positive.
Metabolic Properties
- Most strains DNAse-positive. Facultatively anaerobic. Chemoorganotrophic, having both a fermentative and respiratory type metabolism. Ferments glucose and other carbohydrates with acid production, but no gas.
Habitat
- Widely distributed in the environment (soil, water, plants), digestive tracts of rodents and insects, and are opportunistic pathogens for hospitalized humans.
Pathogenicity
- Serratia marcescens is an important cause of extraintestinal infections, having caused many nosomial outbreaks associated with blood transfusions, surgery, and the urinary tract. Also, Serratia spp. are known to cause Mastitis in cows and other animals.