Stygimoloch was a dinosaur which lived around 65 million years ago during the late Cretaceous Period. It was first discovered in the Hell Creek Formation in Montana by Peter Galton and Hans- Dieter Sues. It was named Stygimoloch—a name which means “demon from the river Styx”.
Is a Stygimoloch a dinosaur?
Stygimoloch is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that originated from Late Cretaceous North America. The second-largest pachycephalosaur of the Hammond Foundation, Stygimoloch was cloned by InGen for exhibition at Jurassic World on Isla Nublar.
Is Stygimoloch a baby Pachycephalosaurus?
These observations, in addition to the fact that all three forms lived in the same time and place, led them to conclude that Dracorex and Stygimoloch were simply juvenile Pachycephalosaurus, which lost spikes and grew domes as they aged.
Are Stygimoloch and Pachycephalosaurus the same?
In 2009, paleontologists Jack Horner and Mark Goodwin suggested that specimens labeled Stygimoloch and Dracorex were actually the juvenile forms of Pachycephalosaurus. All three thick-headed dinosaurs originated from the Hell Creek Formation of North America and lived near the end of Cretaceous age.
When did Stygimoloch go extinct?
The Stygimoloch was a dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous, they became extinct around 65 million years ago.
What was the biggest dinosaur ever?
ArgentinosaurusDinosaur / BiggestArgentinosaurus is a genus of giant sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Argentina. Wikipedia
Which dinosaur had the biggest head?
Estimates of the skull size of Torosaurus have permitted palaeontologists to speculate that perhaps it was Torosaurus (Torosaurus latus) that could claim to have the largest skull of any land animal ever to have roamed the Earth. The skull of a large Torosaurus has been estimated to be in excess of 2.4 metres long.
What dinosaur has a hard head?
PachycephalosaursPachycephalosaurs are a type of dinosaur known for their distinctive, thick-boned skulls. Some scientists think the heavy skull dome may have provided protection during head-butting or predator defense, while others say it could have helped attract mates.
What dinosaur has a bump on its head?
So, what was the dinosaur with the bump on its head? Dinosaurs with dome-shaped bumps on their heads are Pachycephalosaurs. It's a group of dinosaurs that had species such as Pachycephalosaurus and Stegoceras.
What did Stygimoloch eat?
This dinosaur probably lived off a diet of horsetails, gingkos, cycads, seed ferns and club mosses. It probably didn't require a lot of food to keep these dinosaur alive. Probably only about 10-20 pounds of vegetation were needed a day for this dinosaur's survival.
Who named Stygimoloch?
Stygimoloch was named in 1983 by British paleontologist Peter M. Galton and German paleontologist Hans-Dieter Sues. Peter Galton helped champion the theory (cladistics theory 1974) that today's birds are derived from prehistoric dinosaurs.
What does Stygimoloch name mean?
demon from the river StyxStygimoloch ("demon from the river Styx") is a dubious genus of the pachycephalosaur family living in the Late Cretaceous period. It was distinguished from other pachycephalosaurs by the row of spikes on the back of its head, behind the dome characteristic of the family.
How do you say Stygimoloch?
0:240:37How to Pronounce Stygimoloch (Real Life Examples!) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipTime has spiked now let's talk about stiggy malik stiggy mullet come on.MoreTime has spiked now let's talk about stiggy malik stiggy mullet come on.
Is Stygimoloch its own species?
Stygimoloch is a dubious genus of pachycephalosaurine dinosaur, considered by many paleontologists to be synonymous with Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis. It has one named species, S. spinifer, which is known in fossilized form from the Hell Creek, Ferris, and Lance Formations in Montana, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
Is Dracorex a juvenile?
"Dracorex's flat skull, nodules on the front end and small spikes on back, and thickened but undomed frontoparietal bone all confirm that, ontogenetically, it is a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus," Goodwin said.
How do you pronounce Stygimoloch?
0:240:37How to Pronounce Stygimoloch (Real Life Examples!) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipTime has spiked now let's talk about stiggy malik stiggy mullet come on.MoreTime has spiked now let's talk about stiggy malik stiggy mullet come on.
How is Pachycephalosaurus pronounced?
0:180:26How to Pronounce Pachycephalosaurus - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipBut pachycephalosaurus pachycephalosaurus and now you know.MoreBut pachycephalosaurus pachycephalosaurus and now you know.
Where was the Stygimoloch dinosaur found?
Stygimoloch was a dinosaur which lived around 65 million years ago during the late Cretaceous Period. It was first discovered in the Hell Creek Formation in Montana by Peter Galton and Hans- Dieter Sues.
What is a stygimoloch?
An interesting fact about Stygimoloch is that some paleontologists now believe that what is called Stygimoloch was actually a juvenile version of a Pachycephalosaurus. At this point, it is just a theory and it hasn’t yet been confirmed whether or not this is the case.
Why is Stygimoloch called Stygimoloch?
It was named Stygimoloch—a name which means “demon from the river Styx”. It was given this name because its skull looked very much like a demon from Christian art. Stygimoloch was a small herbivore that was approximately 10 feet long, 3 feet high and weighed around 170 pounds.
Description
It is a relatively large pachycephalosaur, with the skull being about 46 centimeters long (18 in). Among North American pachycephalosaurs, only Pachycephalosaurus is larger.
History of discovery
The type species, S. spinifer, was described by British vertebrate paleontologist Peter Galton and German paleontologist Hans-Dieter Sues of the National Museum of Natural History in 1983.
Classification
The pachycephalosaur Dracorex may actually be an individual of Stygimoloch or Pachycephalosaurus in which the dome and horns are not well-developed, either because the animal was a juvenile or because the animal was a female. This consideration was supported at the 2007 annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Popular Media
Stygimoloch appeared in the arcade video game DinoRex as a playable dinosaur.
External links
TEDx talk by Jack Horner on shape-shifting dinosaur skulls and dinosaur misclassification.
What Did Stygimoloch Look Like?
It features three to four large spikes up to four inches (100 mm) long. Stygimoloch was a large Pachycephalosaur with a skull measuring 18 inches in length.
Where did the name Stygimoloch come from?
Stygimoloch takes its name from the Greek translation of “demon of the River Styx ”—a name which refers primarily to appearance only, and is taken from legend (The River Styx separated the Earth from Hades in Greek Mythology.) Fossils were discovered in Hell Creek, Montana in 1983, and also in Wyoming. Stygimoloch was named in 1983 by British paleontologist Peter M. Galton and German paleontologist Hans-Dieter Sues.
What is the purpose of the horns and spikes on Stygimoloch?
Even around these spikes are other spikes, smaller. It is believed most likely that the horns and spikes were used primarily to garner effectiveness in jousting , through head-butting and flank-butting. In this case, the horns would certainly serve as ornamentation that could be helpful in identification and mating.
What is the name of the thick head dinosaur?
Pachycephalosauria are a thick-headed clade of dinosaurs, with domed skull-roofs that are usually several inches thick. In others (i.e.— Stygimoloch) the skull is flatter and wedge-shaped (triangular).
What is the significance of stigimoloch?
Stygimoloch seem to be significant in showing that during the Late Cretaceous Period, these were plant-eating creatures similar to our deer or kangaroo today in behavior and general appearance. Stygimoloch and the like help to show the diverse and yet somehow similar nature of prehistoric times, and help us learn about our own.
Who helped champion the theory that today's birds are derived from prehistoric dinosaurs?
Peter Galton helped champion the theory (cladistics theory 1974) that today’s birds are derived from prehistoric dinosaurs. He also showed that Hypsilophodon did not after all live in trees and that hadrosaur did not drag their tails but rather used them as counterbalances.
Is Stygimoloch an herbivore?
While Stygimoloch is widely reported as an herbivore, it should be noted that some consider the genus to be omnivorous and that this idea is further supported by the Pachycephalosauria descriptions as a clade that were all bipedal and omnivorous.
What dinosaurs lived with Stygimoloch?
Stygimoloch lived alongside many other Late Cretaceous dinosaurs, including the hadrosaur Edmontosaurus, the ceratopsians Triceratops and Torosaurus, the armored Ankylosaurus, the ornithomimid Struthiomimus, as well as the theropods Troodon and Tyrannosaurus .
Where did the stygimoloch originate?
Stygimoloch is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that originated from Late Cretaceous North America. The second-largest pachycephalosaur of the Hammond Foundation, Stygimoloch was cloned by InGen for exhibition at Jurassic World on Isla Nublar. Stygimoloch specimens were encountered on the island during the destructive volcanic eruption ...
How many members does Stygimoloch have?
Stygimoloch is one of the more social pachycephalosaurs, second only to Homalocephale, and can live in medium-sized to large groups of up to twelve members of their own kind, and up to fourteen dinosaurs of various species.
What is a stigimoloch?
Characteristics. Stygimoloch is a small bipedal herbivore with a large domed head. It has a prominant crown of horns around its dome and snout. The base genome of the Stygimoloch is a chestnut brown body with cream underbelly and dark brown streaks on its back.
What was the dinosaur stigimoloch created for?
The Stygimoloch was created using the 3D model that was created for 2018's Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom by Industrial Light & Magic, as well as audio files provided by Universal Pictures to create the most authentic representation of the dinosaur.
Is Stygimoloch a pachycephalosaurus?
Stygimoloch is a dubious genus of Pachycephalosaurid due to a recent studies in 2009 and 2016, suggesting that both Dracorex and Stygimoloch are juvenile forms of Pachycephalosaurus. The idea is strengthened from the fact that only juvenile fossils of Dracorex and Stygimoloch have so far been found. Furthermore, an unopposed study conducted in 2010 suggests that all flat-headed Pachycephalosaurids were juvenile stages of dome-headed adults, thus supporting the notion that Stygimoloch was instead a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus as the horns were absorbed by the growing dome.
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