Is the Beck Anxiety Inventory
Beck Anxiety Inventory
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck and other colleagues, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in children and adults.
Is the Beck Depression Inventory copyright?
The BDI is copyrighted; a fee must be paid for each copy used. There is no evidence that the BDI-II is more valid or reliable than other depression scales, and public domain scales such as the Patient Health Questionnaire – Nine Item (PHQ-9) have been studied as a useful tool.
How do I cite the Beck Anxiety Inventory?
Citation: Beck, A.T., & Steer, R.A. (1993). Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
How do you cite the Beck Depression Inventory?
Citation: Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Is the Beck Anxiety Inventory standardized?
The BAI contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 (not at all) to 3 (severely). Higher total scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms. The standardized cutoffs are: 0–7: Minimal....Beck Anxiety InventoryPurposemeasure severity of anxiety
Can you use the BAI?
The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63). The BAI correlates highly with the BDI-II indicating that although the BAI may provide useful clinical information, it is not specific and can't be used diagnostically.
Who wrote the Beck Depression Inventory?
First created by the psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck in 1961, the BDI is now in its third iteration (BDI-II) and remains one of the most widely used tests of the severity of depression.
How do I cite the Beck Depression Inventory in APA 7?
Reference: Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II): Manual and Questionnaire. The Psychological Corporation.
What kind of research is Beck Depression Inventory?
Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961).
How do you cite a psychological assessment in APA?
How to Cite an Assessment in APAWrite the last name of the assessment author, a comma, the first initial of the assessment author's first name and a period. ... Write the publication year or year of production of the assessment within parentheses, followed by a period. ... Write the title of the assessment.More items...
Who is the publisher of the Beck Anxiety Inventory?
MembersName of questionnaireBeck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)Developer contact [email protected] of questionnaire: needs permission from developer, cost or freely availablecopyrighted, available for purchase from Psychological Corporation, 555 Academic Court, San Antonio, TX 78204-2498, USA.17 more rows
What is Beck anxiety?
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory used to assess anxiety levels in adults and adolescents. It has been used in multiple studies, including in treatment-outcome studies for individuals who have experienced traumas. Although the age range for the measure is from 17 to 80, the measure has been used in peer-reviewed studies with younger adolescents aged 12 and older (see Notes under#N#"Construct Validity" for studies and ages of adolescents). In a comparative analysis of the research output on clinical measures of anxiety (PsychInfo citation analysis for 1991-1998), the “BAI ranks third, behind the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Survey Schedule, in terms of use in research” (Piotrowski, 1999).
Does BAI work for panic disorder?
A number of studies have suggested that the BAI may be tapping more physiological aspects of anxiety and may function best with anxiety disorders with a strong physiological component, such as panic disorder (Cox, Cohen, Direnfeld, & Swinson, 1996; Creamer et al., 1995).
What is the Beck anxiety scale?
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) consists of 21 items with a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3 and raw scores ranging from 0 to 63. It was developed in 1988 and a revised manual was published in 1993 with some changes in scoring. The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63). The BAI correlates highly with the BDI-II indicating that although the BAI may provide useful clinical information, it is not specific and can’t be used diagnostically. The reading level is even lower than the BDI-II (average Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 2.3. Because the instructions for the BAI are written at an 8.3 grade level, oral instructions should be given to persons with lower reading skills.
What is the BAI test?
The BAI ( Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) is a self-report questionnaire measuring 21 common somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety. In a study of adults age 55 years and older in a community-based outpatient facility, the BAI was found to have good discriminant validity (Kabacoff, Segal, Hersen, & Van Hasselt, 1997). Using the SCID to make a diagnostic determination, the BAI was effective in differentiating between those with and without an anxiety disorder. Two factors (somatic and subjective) best described the elderly sample and discriminated between groups (Kabacoff et al., 1997). In this elderly sample, no single cutoff score proved optimal when used to predict the presence of an anxiety disorder due to considerations regarding sensitivity (the proportion of true cases who score above the cutoff score) versus specificity (the proportion of normals who score below the cutoff point).
What is the BAI score?
The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63). The BAI correlates highly with the BDI-II indicating that although the BAI may provide useful clinical information, it is not specific and can’t be used diagnostically.
How many questions are asked in the Rand SF 36?
Measures of quality of life can give general insight into a person's sense of well-being. The Rand SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire 23 consists of 36 questions that capture reliable and valid information regarding the participants' perceptions about their functional health status and well-being, including how well they are able to perform their daily activities. There is free public access to the assessment and the scoring form. This is a self-reported measure.
What is Beck anxiety?
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in children and adults, and it was created for diagnostic and assessment purposes in individuals suffering from anxiety.
How long does Beck anxiety take?
Typically, the Beck Anxiety Inventory takes about 5 to 10 minutes ...
How many points are needed for Beck anxiety test?
To score the Beck Anxiety Inventory you need to add the scores on the 21 symptoms that can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0 – 7 is interpreted as a “Minimal” level of anxiety; 8 – 15 as “Mild”; 16 – 25 as “Moderate”, and; 26 – 63 as “Severe”.
How long does it take to complete the Beck anxiety test?
Typically, the Beck Anxiety Inventory takes about 5 to 10 minutes to complete and it may be filled out by the patient or the clinician, and typically it is scored by the clinician.
What is generalized anxiety?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Symptoms. Generalized Anxiety disorder is one of the most common types of anxiety disorders and the Beck Anxiety Inventory measures the severity of symptoms of this disorder primarily. Beck’s anxiety inventory, like many other diagnostic tools used to diagnose or measure anxiety, is based on ...
What are the symptoms of anxiety?
As in other anxiety disorders the dominant symptoms are highly variable, but complaints of continuous feelings of nervousness trembling, muscular tension, sweating, light-headedness, palpitations, dizziness, and epigastric discomfort are common.
What is the DSM 5 criteria for anxiety?
The DSM 5 criteria for anxiety is given below: “Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities (such as work or school performance). The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.
What is Beck anxiety inventory?
The Beck Anxiety inventory allows clinicians to see what anxiety symptoms are present and to what extent. Armed with this knowledge, they can develop a treatment plan that allows for remedying the anxiety that the patient is feeling.
When was the Beck anxiety index developed?
The Beck Anxiety Inventory was developed in 1988 by Dr. Aaron Beck and some of his colleagues. Some changes were made to the scoring, and a revised version was published in 1993.
What is Beck anxiety scale?
The Beck Anxiety Inventory is an anxiety scale that is frequently used by clinicians in outpatient and inpatient settings. It is most frequently used in outpatient treatment by therapists, psychologists, and psychiatrists. You can also find the Beck Anxiety Inventory available online to take the assessment on your own.
How many items are on the Beck anxiety list?
There are twenty-one items on the Beck Anxiety Inventory. These items represent the physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety. Many of the items on the list focus on the physiological or psychosomatic symptoms rather than cognitive symptoms.
What to do if you don't take the Beck Inventory?
If you take the Beck Anxiety Inventory and discover that you have moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, you should seek help right away. Even if you do not take the inventory, but some of the items listed on the inventory do resonate with you, you should contact a therapist right away.
How many statements are there in the Beck Depression Inventory?
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) rated a person’s depression. Published in 1961, the inventory has 21 statements. The person who is thought to have depression chooses from a list of 3 to 4 answers. Each answer has a number or sometimes a number and a letter.
Is Beck anxiety a diagnostic tool?
Diagnostics. Unfortunately, the Beck Anxiety Inventory is not an effective tool for diagnosing anxiety and panic disorders. This is because many of the physical symptoms of anxiety can be caused by many other problems, both medical and psychological.
Overview
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), created by Aaron T. Beck and other colleagues, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used for measuring the severity of anxiety in adolescents and adults ages 17 and older. The questions used in this measure ask about common symptoms of anxiety that the subject has had during the past week (including the day you take it) (such as numbness and tingling, sweating not due to heat, and fear of the worst happeni…
Two factor approach to anxiety
Though anxiety can be thought of as having several components, including cognitive, somatic, affective, and behavioral components, Beck et al. included only two components in the BAI's original proposal: cognitive and somatic. The cognitive subscale provides a measure of fearful thoughts and impaired cognitive functioning, and the somatic subscale measures the symptoms of physiological arousal.
Clinical use
The BAI was specifically designed as "an inventory for measuring clinical anxiety" that minimizes the overlap between depression and anxiety scales. While several studies have shown that anxiety measures, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), are either highly correlated or indistinguishable from depression, the BAI is shown to be less contaminated by depressive content.
Limitations
Though the BAI was developed to minimize its overlap with the depression scale as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, a correlation of r=.66 (p<.01) between the BAI and BDI-II was seen among psychiatric outpatients, suggesting that the BAI and the BDI-II equally discriminate between anxiety and depression.
Another study indicates that, in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders including s…
See also
• Beck Depression Inventory
• Beck Hopelessness Scale
• Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry
• Major Depression Inventory
Further reading
• Connolly, Sucheta D.; Bernstein, Gail A.; Work Group on Quality Issues (February 2007). "Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 46 (2): 267–83. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000246070.23695.06. PMID 17242630.
External links
• EffectiveChildTherapy.org guidelines on anxiety problems & disorders
• Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
• EffectiveChildTherapy.Org information on fear, worry, and anxiety
Research
- Although general measures of psychopathology are no longer the mainstay of GAD assessment, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI, Beck, Epstein, Brown & Steer, 1988a) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Beck, Rush, Shaw & Emery, 1979) remain valuable because of their proven psychometric qualities and their wide-spread use. The BAI is a 21-item state anxi...
Description
- Kava extracts come from the rhizomes of a perennial shrub in the South Pacific Islands. The term kava comes from both the kava plant and the kava extracts [47] and is typically consumed as either a capsule or table containing either ethanolic or acetonic extracts. The active ingredients in kava are kavapyrones, also known as kavalactones, which have psychoactive properties. In the …
Toxicity
- It is important to note that the clinical trial above used the aqueous extract form of kava and the duration of the intervention period was only one week. There have been many reports by Teschke et al. [49] on the hepatic toxicity of the ethanolic or acetonic extract. In an analysis of kava kava [50], when quantitative tools for assessing causality were used, the data strongly supported a ca…
Contraindications
- Therefore, although data have demonstrated the effectiveness of aqueous kava extract on anxiety in healthy adults, patients must be cautioned that there are strong data on hepatotoxicity and that there are no clinical trials involving patients with CKD.
Assessment
- Scales used to assess anxiety in PD were reviewed by an MDS Task Force in 2008 (Leentjens et al., 2008a). None of the reviewed scales reached the level of recommended, and thus members of the same committee subsequently performed a validation study that included the three most commonly used instruments: the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression S…
Summary
- The PAS (Leentjens et al., 2014) is a multidimensional PD-specific scale, which includes subscales for persistent anxiety, episodic anxiety, and avoidance behavior. It exists in both patient and clinician rated forms. Administration time is 1015 min, and the scale is of public domain. It consists of 12 items scored 0 (not or never) to 4 (severe or almost always), total score range is …
Example
- A remarkable example of the underutilization of behavioral methods is given by the treatment of anxiety disorders. If anything, these disorders should be a primary area of application for behavioral methods. However, procedures such as exposure in vivo are apparently given only to a small minority of afflicted persons. Taylor et al. (1989) studied a large sample of patients with a…
Criticism
- One criticism of this study can be seen in the fact that the nonrepresentative sample consisted of self-selected patients searching treatment. However, we recently found the same effect in a sample 3000 people representative of the German adult population (Margraf, 1996; Margraf & Poldrack, in press). The study investigated the prevalence of clinical anxiety in the general popul…
Results
- Yet the most impressive result to us was that psychotherapy consisted with roughly equal numbers of relaxation methods (including hypnosis and autogenic training) and talking cures (i.e., primarily psychoanalytic or client-centered methods), while cognitive-behavioral methods accounted for only 1% of all treatment cases. In view of this fact, it may seem less surprising tha…