Social behavioral theories in general and the Health Belief Model
Health belief model
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to the uptake of health services. The health belief model was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists at the U.S. Public Health Service and remains one of the best known and most widely used theories in health behavior resear…
What are the principles of Health Belief Model?
Oct 14, 2021 · Health Belief Model as Nursing Tool The health belief model asserts that when a person believes he or she is susceptible to a health problem with severe consequences, the person will more likely...
What is an example of a health belief model?
Mar 12, 2020 · INTRODUCTION. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the first theories of health behavior. It was developed in the 1950s by a group of U.S. Public Health Service social psychologists who wanted to explain why so few people were participating in programs to prevent and detect disease. HBM is a good model for addressing problem behaviors that evoke health …
What are the Six constructs of the health belief model?
Is the health belief model a nursing theory? The health belief model is a great tool for nurses, offering them a theoretical framework for helping their patients prevent chronic disease or, if disease is present, improve quality of life. Patients' perceptions can be affected by age, sex, and personality. Click to see full answer.
What is a health belief model?
Dec 22, 2021 · The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a behavioral health theory used in professional nursing practice. A behavioral health theory is a combination of knowledge, opinion, and …
What type of theory is the Health Belief Model?
The health belief model (HBM) is a value-expectancy theory, and assumes that an individual's behavior is guided by expectations of consequences of adopting new practices (Janz et al., 2002).
Is the Health Belief Model a learning theory?
Abstract. The Health Belief Model, social learning theory (recently relabelled social cognitive theory), self-efficacy, and locus of control have all been applied with varying success to problems of explaining, predicting, and influencing behavior.
What are the four stages of the Health Belief Model?
The campaign was designed using the HBM, which postulates that four constructs are key targets for public health practitioners seeking to change behavior: barriers, benefits, efficacy, and threat.Jul 10, 2014
Is the Health Belief Model effective?
The HBM proved effective in the past in describing a wide range of preventive behaviors for diseases and behaviors that are well documented, increase the probability of early detection of diseases and for which implications of any behavior changes are generally well understood (Carpenter, 2010; Sulat et al., 2018).Jan 12, 2022
What are the health beliefs?
The health belief model proposes that a person's health-related behavior depends on the person's perception of four critical areas:#N#the severity of a potential illness,#N#the person's susceptibility to that illness,#N#the benefits of taking a preventive action, and#N#the barriers to taking that action. 1 the severity of a potential illness, 2 the person's susceptibility to that illness, 3 the benefits of taking a preventive action, and 4 the barriers to taking that action.
What is HBM in nursing?
HBM is a popular model applied in nursing, especially in issues focusing on patient compliance and preventive health care practices.
What is perceived benefit?
Perceived benefits: refers to the patient’s belief that a given treatment will cure the illness or help to prevent it. Perceived Costs: refers to the complexity, duration, and accessibility and accessibility of the treatment.
What is HBM in health?
The HBM is used to develop preventative health programs, as well as design appropriate intervention programs where prevention has failed. You must c C reate an account to continue watching. Register to view this lesson.
When was the HBM developed?
The history of the HBM dates back to the 1950s, when researchers and health care providers found themselves at a loss to explain why a free, public tuberculosis screening program had failed to attract significant participation (tuberculosis is an infectious disease that normally affects the lungs). The HBM was developed in response to this failure. It hoped to explain the impact of an individual's perception and attitude toward a disease and how those perceptions and attitudes impacted their health-related decision-making.
What are the barriers to getting a doctor?
Barriers could include a lack of transportation to the nearest health clinic, a lack of health insurance, lengthy waiting periods at the doctor's office, conflicting work schedules, fear that treatment may be too expensive, etc.
What is the HBM?
The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an intrapersonal, behavioral health theory , dating back to the 1950s. It is used to develop both preventative and intervention programs. There are variations in its composition. What's important to remember is that the HBM is based on an individual's personal knowledge and beliefs about a particular health concern.
What is MRSA in nursing?
Here, the nursing department took a real health-related problem (MRSA) and demonstrated that (1) it was a significant health concern and (2) offenders who receive tattoos while incarcerated are at an increased risk of becoming infected. The nursing department then offered preventative options and medical interventions.
What are the components of health related behavior?
The HBM derives from psychological and behavioral theory with the foundation that the two components of health-related behavior are 1) the desire to avoid illness, or conversely get well if already ill; and, 2) the belief that a specific health action will prevent, or cure, illness.
What is HBM in medical terms?
Later uses of HBM were for patients' responses to symptoms and compliance with medical treatments. The HBM suggests that a person's belief in a personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person's belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.
What are the limitations of the HBM?
There are several limitations of the HBM which limit its utility in public health. Limitations of the model include the following: 1 It does not account for a person's attitudes, beliefs, or other individual determinants that dictate a person's acceptance of a health behavior. 2 It does not take into account behaviors that are habitual and thus may inform the decision-making process to accept a recommended action (e.g., smoking). 3 It does not take into account behaviors that are performed for non-health related reasons such as social acceptability. 4 It does not account for environmental or economic factors that may prohibit or promote the recommended action. 5 It assumes that everyone has access to equal amounts of information on the illness or disease. 6 It assumes that cues to action are widely prevalent in encouraging people to act and that "health" actions are the main goal in the decision-making process.
How many constructs are there in the HBM?
There are six constructs of the HBM. The first four constructs were developed as the original tenets of the HBM. The last two were added as research about the HBM evolved. Perceived susceptibility - This refers to a person's subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease.
What is perceived severity?
Perceived severity - This refers to a person's feelings on the seriousness of contracting an illness or disease (or leaving the illness or disease untreated). There is wide variation in a person's feelings of severity, and often a person considers the medical consequences (e.g., death, disability) and social consequences (e.g., family life, ...
What is self efficacy in psychology?
Self-efficacy - This refers to the level of a person's confidence in his or her ability to successfully perform a behavior. This construct was added to the model most recently in mid-1980. Self-efficacy is a construct in many behavioral theories as it directly relates to whether a person performs the desired behavior.
What is the cue to action?
Cue to action - This is the stimulus needed to trigger the decision-making process to accept a recommended health action. These cues can be internal (e.g., chest pains, wheezing, etc.) or external (e.g., advice from others, illness of family member, newspaper article, etc.).
What is the health belief model?
The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and threat. While the model seems to be an ideal explanatory framework for communication research, theoretical limitations have limited its use in the field.
What is perceived benefit?
Perceived benefits, on the other hand, may be a lower priority or best targeted at a later stage in a multistage campaign. For example, once self-efficacy and threat are high and (presumably) perceived barriers are low, then the influence of perceived benefits could manifest to influence behavior.
What are the assumptions of health promotion?
The Health Promotion Model makes four assumptions: 1 Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior. 2 Individuals, in all their biopsychosocial complexity, interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment as well as being transformed over time. 3 Health professionals, such as nurses, constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on people through their life span. 4 Self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive patterns is essential to changing behavior.
What are the factors that influence health promotion?
Direct and indirect effects on the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors. Personal factors are categorized as biological, psychological and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behavior and shaped by the nature of the target behavior being considered.
What is health promotion?
Health promotion is directed at increasing a patient’s level of well-being. The health promotion model describes the multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health. Pender’s model focuses on three areas: individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, ...
What are situational influences?
Situational influences may have direct or indirect influences on health behavior. Within the behavioral outcome, there is a commitment to a plan of action, which is the concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy that leads to implementation of health behavior.
