Cardinal Mazarin was not in France, or anywhere close to Anne, around the time Louis XIV was fathered. Both of them got along very well in later years, which led to rumours of a secret marriage between them, but he can not possibly be the father of Louis XIV.
Full Answer
What influence did Mazarin have on Louis XIV?
He carefully negotiated the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, which resulted in the addition of several new provinces in France, and led to the successful arrangement of a marriage for King Louis XIV to Maria Theresa of Spain. In addition to his diplomatic skill, Mazarin was a prominent patron of the arts in France.
Who were the parents of Louis XIV?
Louis XIIIAnne of AustriaLouis XIV/Parents
What was Cardinal Mazarin known for?
Mazarin's main achievements were the ending of the Thirty Years War through the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 and his defeat of the Fronde in 1653. Using an elaborate network of personal relations, he restored royal authority to the point at which the king could rule alone.
What did Louis do when Mazarin died?
After Mazarin's death in 1661, Louis XIV broke with tradition and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister. He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, endowed with a divine right to wield the absolute power of the monarchy.
Did Louis 14 son became king?
Louis XIV was now down to just one potential heir: a sickly great-grandson. Though in desperation he declared that two of his illegitimate sons could become king if his direct line died out, it never came to that. Taking over at age 5, his great-grandson would go on to govern France for the next 59 years as Louis XV.
Are there still descendants of King Louis XIV?
Spanish Legitimists The current heir-male of Louis XIV and the representative of the rights of Philip V of Spain to the French throne is Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, who is the second cousin of the present king of Spain, Felipe VI.
Who was Cardinal Mazarin and how did he help Louis XIV?
After the deaths of Richelieu (1642) and Louis XIII (1643), Mazarin was appointed first minister of France by Anne of Austria, regent for Louis XIV, and he directed Louis's education. A highly influential adviser to the young king, he helped train a staff of able administrators.
What happened Cardinal Mazarin?
Turenne, a general loyal to Louis XIV and Mazarin, defeated Condé, and Mazarin made a triumphal return to Paris in 1653. The last years of Mazarin's life, between 1657 and his death in 1661, were marked by a series of major diplomatic victories. In 1657 he made a military alliance with England.
How do you say Mazarin?
0:280:57MAZARIN - HOW TO PRONOUNCE IT!? - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipMazarin right I will repeat one more time Mazarin Mazarin that's all thanks for watching if you likeMoreMazarin right I will repeat one more time Mazarin Mazarin that's all thanks for watching if you like this video please subscribe to my channel if you want to share your opinion.
Who was the real man in the iron mask?
The story was even popularized in the 1998 film "The Man in the Iron Mask," starring Leonardo DiCaprio. "They [historians] are pretty much in agreement that his name was Eustache Dauger, that he only occasionally wore the mask and that when he did wear a mask, it was velvet, not iron," Sonnino said in a statement.
Did Louis the 14th have a twin?
No, Louis XIV did not have a twin brother. He did have a brother named Philippe I, who was the Duke of Orleans, but they were not twins. Louis was born in 1638 and Philippe in 1640.
How many king Louis are there?
There were 17 King Louis of France (or thereabouts). Nick Inman lists his favourite five and why they are important. You may have noticed that there have been a lot of men called King Louis of France.
Did King Louis XIV have a daughter?
Louise de Maisonbla...Marie Thérèse of FranceFrançoise Marie de BourbonPrincess Anne Élisabeth...Louise Françoise, Princess of...Marie Anne de BourbonLouis XIV/Daughters
Was Louis XIV related to Catherine Medici?
While her husband was only tangentially related to Henry IV, her daughter Elizabeth would ultimately marry into the Spanish royal family, connecting Catherine de Medici to Anne of Austria, the future mother of Louis XIV.
Who was the son of Louis XIV?
Louis, Grand DauphinLouis Auguste, Duke of M...Louis, Count of VermandoisCharles de La Baume Le BlancLouis Alexandre, Count of T...Philippe Charles, Duke of An...Louis XIV/Sons
What was Louis XIV family name?
Louis XVLouis XIIIFrançoise d'Aubigné, Marquise...Philippe I, Duke of OrléansLouis, Grand DauphinMaria Theresa of SpainLouis XIV/Family
Who was Cardinal Jules Mazarin?
Cardinal Jules Mazarin ( / ˈmæzərɪn /, also UK: / ˈmæzəræ̃ /, US: / ˌmæzəˈræ̃ /, French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino ( Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661. In 1654 he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne, and in 1659, 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers .
Who kept Mazarin in Rome?
He kept Mazarin in Rome for two more years. Richelieu did one important favor for Mazarin; in October 1638 he put forward Mazarin's name as a candidate for Cardinal when the next vacancy opened up. In December 1638, when a sitting Cardinal died, Mazarin was nominated as a Cardinal.
What was Mazarin's first victory?
The first years of Mazarin in office were marked by military victories in the Thirty Years' War, which he used to make France the main European power and establish the Peace of Westphalia (1646–48). A major uprising against Anne of Austria and Mazarin, called the Fronde and led by the nobles of the Parliament of Paris, broke out in Paris in 1648, followed by a second Fronde led by Louis, Grand Condé, who turned from his chief ally to his chief enemy. Mazarin took Anne of Austria and Louis XIV out of Paris, and then shifted his base to Germany for a time. Turenne, a general loyal to Louis XIV and Mazarin, defeated Condé, and Mazarin made a triumphal return to Paris in 1653.
Why did Richelieu send Mazarin to Savoy?
Richelieu sent Mazarin on several delicate diplomatic missions, including a long trip to Savoy to straighten out the tangled political affairs there: the regency of Christine, the Duchess of Savoy , and sister of Louis XIII, was challenged by her brothers-in-law, the princes Maurice and Thomas of Savoy.
How many operas did Mazarin perform?
Due to Mazarin's efforts, seven Italian operas were performed in Paris between 1645 and 1662. In 1645 Mazarin brought to Paris the famous scenery designer Giacomo Torelli, who staged Sacrati's opera La finta pazza. In 1647, for Carnaval, he staged a lavish production of the premiere of Orfeo by Luigi Rossi. Later on Torelli became involved more in the ballet de cour than in opera, reflecting the passion of the king for dancing. Torelli's career in France came to a definitive end in 1661, when he worked on sets for Molière 's Les fâcheux, presented by Nicholas Fouquet as part of his grand fête at Vaux-le-Vicomte in honor of the King, the overly ostentatious display which ultimately led to Fouquet's imprisonment.
What was the last thing that Mazarin did?
The last years of Mazarin's life, between 1657 and his death in 1661, were marked by a series of major diplomatic victories, In 1657 he made a military alliance with England. In 1658 he unveiled the League of the Rhine, a new group of fifty small German principalities which were now linked by a treaty with France. In the same year, Marshal Turenne decisively defeated the army of Condé at the Battle of the Dunes in Flanders. Between February and June 1659, Mazarin conducted intensive negotiations with the Spanish. On 7 November 1659 Spain signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which added Artois, the Cerdagne and Roussillon as new provinces of France. This was followed in June 1660 by an even more important diplomatic event carefully arranged by Mazarin; the marriage of Louis XIV with Maria Theresa of Spain. The marriage took place in Saint-Jean-de-Luz. The couple made a triumphant entry into Paris on 26 August 1660. This marriage and accompanying agreements ended, at least for a time, the long and costly wars between the Habsburgs and France. Exhausted by his diplomatic efforts, Mazarin died on 9 March 1661.
When did Mazarin become a Duke?
In 1654 he acquired the title Duke of Mayenne, and in 1659, 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers . After serving as a papal diplomat for Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin offered his diplomatic services to Cardinal Richelieu and moved to Paris in 1640.
Who was Louis the 14th real father?
Louis was the son of Louis XIII and his Spanish queen, Anne of Austria. He succeeded his father on May 14, 1643. At the age of four years and eight months, he was, according to the laws of the kingdom, not only the master but the owner of the bodies and property of 19 million subjects.
Who was Mazarin to Louis XIV?
Mazarin was second only to Louis XIV as a patron of the arts in France in the 17th century. In 1648 he founded the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture.
Who was Mazarin in history?
MAZARIN, JULES (Giulio Mazarini; 1602–1661), diplomat, cardinal, and first minister during the regency of King Louis XIV of France. Born near Pascina outside Rome on 14 July 1602, Mazarin was the eldest son of six children.
What role did Jules Mazarin have?
Cardinal Jules Mazarin was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician who served as the Chief Minister to the King of France from 1642 until his death in 1661.
Who was the worst king of France?
His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in history. Louis XIV’s France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe. Louis XIV Reign 14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715 Coronation 7 June 1654 Reims Cathedral Predecessor Louis XIII Successor Louis XV.
Was Louis the 14 a good king?
Louis XIV was a handsome young man with good health. “ (Louis XIV) was graceful, dignified and awe-inspiring, if humourless.” Louis took his position as king very seriously. He saw that what was good for him was good for France.
Why was Cardinal Mazarin hated?
He returned to the kingdom in 1653 when the nobles’ revolts had ended. The nobles hated Mazarin for usurping their historic place in the crown’s service.
Who is Cardinal Mazarin?
Author of Mazarin et ses amis and others. Jules, Cardinal Mazarin, original Italian in full Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino, or Mazarini, (born July 14, 1602, Pescina, Abruzzi, Kingdom of Naples [now in Italy]—died March 9, 1661, Vincennes, France), first minister of France after Cardinal de Richelieu’s death in 1642.
Who was Mazarin's patron?
Mazarin’s resolution to devote himself to Richelieu did not prevent him from also obtaining the patronage of Cardinal Barberini, the youngest nephew of Pope Urban VIII. After Mazarin’s return to Rome in 1632, Barberini included him in a circle of artists, painters, and musicians, before obtaining for him a mission as extraordinary nuncio (ambassador) to the French court in 1634. There, at Richelieu’s side, Mazarin acquired the favour of those in power and became devoted to the French nation, whose “openness of heart and of mind” impressed him. He did not forget his mission, however, which was to negotiate the peace between Spain and France sought by Urban VIII; hence it was with despair that he watched Richelieu bring France openly into the Thirty Years’ War in May 1635.
Where was Giulio Mazzarino born?
Born a papal subject at Pescina, in the Abruzzi, near Rome, Giulio Mazzarino spent his childhood in a region whose temperament, ways of thought, and Roman Catholic outlook were to permeate his whole existence. His father, Pietro, was a Romanized Sicilian in the household of the constable Filippo I Colonna; his mother, Ortensia Bufalini, of a noble Tuscan family, was related to the Colonna house by marriage. From the beginning Mazzarino recognized the benefits of having powerful patrons and learned to exploit them to his advantage. Thus, in spite of financial difficulties and the expenses of a large family (another son, who became a monk, and four daughters), the Mazzarinos were able to send Giulio to the Jesuit school in Rome, where he was an excellent student.
Who owed the cardinal's hat to Richelieu?
It was to France and, in particular, to Richelieu that he owed the cardinal’s hat bestowed upon him by the Pope on Dec. 16, 1641, though Urban VIII had himself been favourably impressed by the efforts his former subject was making in favour of the general peace. Load Next Page.
What was Louis the Great's love for Mazarin's niece?
In 1658 Louis faced the great conflict between love and duty, a familiar one for princes of that period. He struggled with himself for two years over his love for Mazarin’s niece, Marie Mancini.
How old was Louis XIV when he became king?
Louis XIV succeeded his father as king of France on May 14, 1643, at the age of four years eight months. According to the laws of the kingdom, he became not only the master but the owner of the bodies and property of 19 million subjects.
What is Louis XIV known for?
Today he remains the symbol of absolute monarchy of the classical age.
How old was Louis XIV when he acceded to the throne?
Louis XIV succeeded his father as king of France on May 14, 1643, at the age of four years eight months . According to the laws of the kingdom, he became not only the master but the owner of the bodies and property of 19 million subjects.
Why did Louis XIV marry Marie-Thérèse?
He finally submitted to the exigencies of politics and in 1660 married Marie-Thérèse of Austria, daughter of King Philip IV of Spain, in order to ratify peace between their two countries. The childhood of Louis XIV was at an end, but no one believed him capable of seizing the reins of power.
Who was the king of France in 1653?
In 1653 Mazarin was victorious over the rebels and then proceeded to construct an extraordinary administrative apparatus with Louis as his pupil. The young king also acquired Mazarin ’s partiality for the arts, elegance, and display.
Who backed Louis XIV?
He was backed up first by the great ministers Jean-Baptiste Colbert, marquis de Louvois, and Hugues de Lionne, among whom he fostered dissension, and later by men of lesser capacity. For 54 years Louis devoted himself to his task eight hours a day; not the smallest detail escaped his attention. He wanted to control everything from court etiquette to troop movements, from road building to theological disputes. He succeeded because he faithfully reflected the mood of a France overflowing with youth and vigour and enamoured of grandeur.
When was Louis XIV born?
Early Life and Reign of Louis XIV. Born on September 5, 1638, to King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643) and his Habsburg queen, Anne of Austria (1601-1666), the future Louis XIV was his parents’ first child after 23 years of marriage; in recognition of this apparent miracle, he was christened Louis-Dieudonné, meaning “gift of God.”.
Who assumed control of France after Mazarin's death?
Louis XIV Assumes Control of France. After Mazarin’s death in 1661, Louis XIV broke with tradition and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister. He viewed himself as the direct representative of God, endowed with a divine right to wield the absolute power of the monarchy.
How many Huguenots lived in France?
Roughly 1 million Huguenots lived in France at the time, and many were artisans or other types of skilled workers. Although emigration of Protestants was explicitly forbidden by the Edict of Fontainebleau, scores of people—estimates range from 200,000 to 800,000—fled in the decades that followed, settling in England, Switzerland, Germany and the American colonies, among other places. Louis XIV’s act of religious zeal—advised, some have suggested, by the Marquise de Maintenon—had cost the country a valuable segment of its labor force while drawing the ire of its Protestant neighbors.
How did Louis XIV die?
On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. His reign had lasted 72 years, longer than that of any other known European monarch, and left an indelible mark on the culture, history and destiny of France. His 5-year-old great-grandson succeeded him as Louis XV.
What did Louis XIV do to the French government?
His finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), implemented reforms that sharply reduced the deficit and fostered the growth of industry, while his war minister, the Marquis de Louvois (1641-1691), expanded and reorganized the French army. Louis also managed to pacify and disempower the historically rebellious nobles, who had fomented no less than 11 civil wars in four decades, by luring them to his court and habituating them to the opulent lifestyle there.
What did Louis XIV appreciate?
A hard-working and meticulous ruler who oversaw his programs down to the last detail, Louis XIV nevertheless appreciated art, literature, music, theater and sports.
What did Louis XIV control?
Louis XIV Assumes Control of France. The Arts and the Royal Court Under Louis XIV. Louis XIV and Foreign Policy. Louis XIV and Religion. Death of Louis XIV. The reign of France’s Louis XIV (1638-1715), known as the Sun King, lasted for 72 years, longer than that of any other known European sovereign. In that time, he transformed the monarchy, ...
Who was Louis XIV's father?
There can be no question that Louis XIII was the real father of Louis XIV.
What does Louis XIV stand for?
Louis XIV stands for most of the things the unfortunate King Louis XVI, his Queen and his relatives were executed for . With a good dosis of hypocrisy too! I am sounding like a republican but i am making short shift with would-be conquerors of the world, whether Attila the Hun, Louis XIV or Napoleon I.
Why did Anne and Louis XIV kiss?
The closest who came to a lover was the scroundel George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. It is known they even kissed because being both loaded with jewelry their ornaments intertwined, causing a painful incident. But this was many years before Louis XIV was born.
What was the difference between Saint Louis and Louis XIV?
In short, while Louis XIV acted on the basis of morality and values , as he understood them, many people in Europe saw his actions in an opposite way. This was the difference between Louis XIV and Saint Louis: the actions of the latter were seen as moral outside France as well.
What happened to France in 1715?
In 1715, when Louis XIV was dying, France was ravaged, impoverished and saddled with enormous debt. It seems that all his talents notwithstanding, hegemonic France needed a different leader - and Louis’s early death (somewhere in the 1680s or even 1670s) could be a basis for an interesting alternate history scenario.
What was the second place Louis XIII?
In the Second Place Louis XIII was in bad health and the doctors, who were but learned quacks, made it only worse. It is difficult to go about your marital duties when you are always ill..
When did Louis IX expel Jews from France?
When Louis IX expelled Jews from France in 1254, Europe applauded (even those who saw it as a financially stupid move). When Louis XIV outlawed Protestantism, some good Catholics applauded. But the Protestant Europe started to see him as a criminal, an arch-enemy, if not an Anti-Christ.
Who was Louis XIII's brother?
Other candidates were Louis XIII’s brother Gaston, to keep it in the family, the Marquis de Cinq-Mars, a favourite of Louis XIII and someone Richelieu brought to court.
When did Louis XIII spend a night in Anne's bedroom?
Shortly later, Louis XIII spent a night in Anne’s bedroom, in November 1637 , and around six weeks later, the doctors declared Anne to be in happy circumstances. She gave birth to healthy boy, the future Louis XIV, nine months later. At Christmas time in 1639, they had a bit of a cuddle again and Philippe was the result.
Did Anne and Louis XIV get along?
Both of them got along very well in later years, which led to rumours of a secret marriage between them, but he can not possibly be the father of Louis XIV. Same goes for Cinq-Mars. Anne was already pregnant as Cinq-Mars gained close access to the royal family.
Did Gaston father a child?
Either way, Gaston already showed he was able to father kids and if Louis XIII died without heir, he would become King. There was plenty time left for Gaston to roll in bed and make a legitimate heir himself with the wife. Portrait of a Child Presumed to be Louis XIV, French school c. 1638.
Was Louis XIII a strong king?
The latter was what people suspected first, but the longer it took, the more people started to eye Louis XIII suspiciously. He was not really considered to be a strong King and not being able to father kids, perfectly fitted his persona.
Who were the Sun King's parents?
Those he had with his mistresses, were illegitimate. The Sun King’s parents, Anne d’Autriche and Louis XIII, tried… but for many years they were not blessed with a child. Anne became pregnant a couple of times, but she lost the children. Louis blamed her a bit for that.
Was Louis XIV a bâtard?
He wasn’t really eager to perform his duties in that department either, so it took what felt like ages until the future Louis XIV was finally born. And the rumours of him being a bâtard were born along with him. There are many versions of how that supposedly happened. The most common one involves Cardinal Mazarin.
Who was Louis XIII's brother?
After the death of their father in 1643, Louis ascended the throne of France, and being his younger brother Philippe was called le Petit Monsieur (Duke) as Gaston (Brother of Louis XIII) was le Grand Monsieur.
Why was Philippe's mother worried about Louis XIII?
Once Philippe was born, their mother feared that since Louis XIII and Gaston (Louis XIII’s brother) had a volatile relationship due to ambition, it was paramount that Philippe had less ambition for the throne.
Why did Philippe de Lorraine burn his letters?
On 9 July 1701, Philippe passed away after suffering a stroke. His wife burned all his letters because she didn’t want them to fall into wrong hands. The Chevalier de Lorraine, the man who, till now, had lived lavishly because of Philippe, died impoverished in 1702.
Why did Henrietta want Chevalier de Lorraine exiled?
She wanted Chevalier de Lorraine exiled from France for taking too much of her husband’s attention but in vain.
How many wives did Philippe of France have?
Philippe of France had two wives and multiple male partners. Philippe of France. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain) Louis XIV was one of the greatest kings of France, dubbed as Louis the Great or the Sun King. He ruled for 72 years and 110 days that was the longest reign in European history. But this is not about him.
Who was Philippe I?
Philippe (left) and his older brother Louis XIV. Image Source: Wikimedia Commons (Public Domain) Philippe I was the younger son of Louis XIII and Anna of Austria, born just two years after the birth of his older brother Louis XIV (5 September 1638), on 21 September 1640. Once Philippe was born, their mother feared that since Louis XIII ...
Was Henrietta the father of Louis' first child?
That’s when rumors started flying. Many deemed that Henrietta was flirtatious and that Louis might have been the father to her first child. There were instances when Anna reprimanded Louis and Anna regarding this.
Overview
In fiction
• Mazarin is a major character in Alexandre Dumas' novels Twenty Years After and Le Vicomte de Bragelonne. In them, Mazarin is portrayed as greedy and devious, as well as the Queen's lover.
• Mazarin plays a significant part in Letitia Elizabeth Landon's historical novel, Francesca Carrara. He acts as uncle to his niece, Marie Mancini and her fictional sister, Henriette, both of whom have important roles.
Early life
Giulio Mazzarino was born on 14 July 1602 in Pescina in the Abruzzo province of Italy, about one hundred twenty kilometers from Rome. His parents were residents of Rome, spending the summer in Pescina to escape the summer heat. His father, Pietro Mazzarino (1576-1654), had moved to Rome from Sicily in 1590 to become a chamberlain in the family of Filippo I Colonna, the Grand Constable of Naples. His father became a citizen of Rome in 1608. His mother Ortensia Bu…
Papal envoy
Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu
Chief minister of France – Diplomacy
Discontent - The Fronde (1648-53)
Financing the Kingdom- Fouquet and Colbert
Finding money was a primary preoccupation for Mazarin throughout his entire time as first minister. His new taxes on Parisians and the nobility had provoked the first Fronde, but the end of the Fronde did not resolve the problem. The government had borrowed huge amounts to finance the campaigns against the first Fronde and against Condé, and also had to pay for the continual travels of the Regent and the young King, and the elaborate festivities, parades, and cavalcades t…