What are the functions of connected speech?
A look at assimilation, elision, delayed plosion, catenation and intrusion in connected speech. In spoken discourse the boundaries between words are very often not clear-cut. Words and sounds are lost and linked together in different ways to enable us to articulate with minimal movement.
What are the characteristics of connected discourse?
One of the characteristics of connected speech is the deletion or clipping of sounds that occurs when words run together. For example, "want to" can become "wanna", "going to" can become "gonna", "rock and roll" can become "rock 'n' roll", and "them" can become "'em" or "'dem" in connected speech.
How many aspects of connected speech are there?
five differentConnected Speech Includes Many Sub-Topics In this lesson, you'll learn a bit about five different kinds of connected speech: catenation or linking, intrusion, elision, assimilation and geminates.
What are the basic rules in connected speech?
When a word ends in a consonant and the next word begins with a vowel, connect the final consonant to the next vowel, making it sound as if the second word starts with a consonant.
What are the four features of connected speech?
The main features of connected speech include assimilation, elision, intrusion, and linking also known as liaison. Assimilation is a phenomenon whereby a sound takes the features of a neighbouring sound (Bobda & Mbangwana, 2008; Brown, 2006).
What are the 3 features of spoken discourse?
These include:Adjacency pairs, which commonly-paired statements.Backchannels, which are utterances that show a listener is listening.Deixis, which are words that, without context, can't be understood.Discourse markers, which are words that help the listener organize what is being said.More items...•
What are the 7 elements of speech?
The seven elements in the communication process that apply to speech are: 1) speaker, 2) listener, 3) message, 4) channel, 5) interference, 6) feedback, and 7) situation.
What are the five features of speaking?
For that reason, spoken language has many different features. Spoken language has the following characteristics (Halliday, 1989, p. 31):...ComplexityVariation in speed - but it is generally faster than writing.Loudness or quietness.Gestures - body language.Intonation.Stress.Rhythm.Pitch range.Pausing and phrasing.
What are the 5 elements of speech?
5 essential elements of a great speechPractice to the point where you won't need a script. For many people, a script is a speech-killer. ... Body language is absolutely necessary. ... Jump right in with your attention-grabbing anecdote. ... Avoid visual aids if you can. ... Try to involve the audience as much as possible.
What is connected speech with examples?
In connected speech, when a first word ends with the same consonant sound that the next word begins with, we often put the sounds together and elongate them. For example: “single ladies” turns into “single-adies” “social life” turns into “social-ife”
What are the 8 points of speech?
There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
What is a connected speech process?
Connected speech processes (CSPs) refer to various phonological processes which abound in connected speech: assimilations, deletions, vowel reduction, consonantal lenitions, etc.
What are the 5 characteristics of a discourse?
He outlined six characteristics of discourse communities: 1) common public goals; 2) methods of communicating among members; 3) participatory communication methods; 4) genres that define the group; 5) a lexis; and 6) a standard of knowledge needed for membership (Swales, 471-473).
What are the types of connected discourse?
Learn more about the five main types of connected speech.Catenation (linking words)Intrusion (adding an extra sound)Elision (deleting a sound)Assimilation (joining sounds to make a new sound)Geminates (twin sounds)
What is meant by connected discourse?
In linguistics, connected speech or connected discourse is a continuous sequence of sounds forming utterances or conversations in spoken language. Analysis of connected speech shows sound changes affecting linguistic units traditionally described as phrases, words, lexemes, morphemes, syllables, phonemes or phones.
What are the 4 elements of discourse?
The four traditional modes of discourse are narration, description, exposition, and argument.
Aspects of american english pronunciation
Teaching pronunciation used to involve little more than identifying and practising the sounds of which a language is composed, that is to say, its phonemes.
What connected speech is?
"English people speak so fast" is a complaint I often hear from my students, and often from those at an advanced level, where ignorance of the vocabulary used is not the reason for their lack of comprehension. When students see a spoken sentence in its written form, they have no trouble comprehending.
Aspects of connected speech
So what is it that we do when stringing words together that causes so many problems for students?
Weak Forms
There are a large number of words in English which can have a "full" form and a "weak" form. This is because English is a stressed timed language, and in trying to make the intervals between stressed syllables equal, to give the phrase rhythm, we tend to swallow non-essential words.
Working on weak forms
Here are some ways in which we can attempt to help our students with weak forms.
Conclusion
Pronunciation work should be seen as an integral part of what goes on in the classroom. Try not to fall into the text book trap of dividing language up into isolated chunks. One lesson on grammar, the next on vocabulary, then pronunciation and so on.
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What is connected speech?
Connected speech is spoken language in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversation. It is also called connected discourse. There is often a significant difference between the way words are pronounced in isolation and the way they are pronounced in the context of connected speech. In connected speech, words or syllables are clipped, ...
How does connected speech affect stress?
American English. Connected speech complicates the use of stress by relocating it from one word to another.
Why is it so hard to pick out words from connected speech?
Anyone learning a foreign language needs practice listening to it being spoken naturally, but learners of English have a difficult time picking out individual words from connected speech because words are so often slurred.
When speaking to someone who isn't a native speaker, is enunciation helpful?
When speaking to someone who isn't a native speaker, enunciation is helpful. You can also help them to understand you by speaking more slowly and pausing slightly between each word.
What are the features of connected speech?
Probably the most obvious and best-taught features of connected speech in English are contractions. For example, even the most conservative teachers will highlight that it’s more common to say it’s than it is in most circumstances.
Why is English not spoken in individual words?
That’s because English, like any other language, is not spoken in individual words with neat, little breaks between them, but in phrases where words flow together and interact with each other. This phrasal way of speaking is connected speech. In English, there are several unique things that can happen when words meet.
Does connected speech make you fluent?
If you can get your head around these features of connected speech and use them often , your English will sound a lot more fluent as a result. So it might seem like a chore at first, but like with applying any new knowledge to your language learning, persistence is key!
WWW moment
The student made her hypotheses, but when I started reading, she would interrupt me at times and ask me to repeat so she could hear better. The fundamental issue with this is that by stopping and starting, I wasn’t reading in exactly the same way and she was (understandably) hearing slightly different things.
What I learned from all this
when practising listening to features of connected speech, make sure learners are sufficiently familiar with them. Upon reflection, this was a bit too soon for her and she would’ve benefitted from further and more controlled exposure to these features;
What are some examples of connected speech?
Here are some common types and examples of connected speech. 1. Catenation or linking . Catenation happens when a consonant sound at the end of one word gets attached to the first vowel sound at the beginning of the following word. For example, when native speakers say “an apple” you’ll usually hear them say, “anapple”.
What is connected speech in English?
The first thing to understand about speaking English naturally is that it is very different from speaking English clearly.
Why is recording yourself speaking important?
Recording yourself speaking is another activity that has similar benefits. It lets you listen and see how the way you say a sentence might be different from a native speaker so you can correct yourself or make changes.
What is a doubled or long consonant sound?
5. Geminates. Geminates are a doubled or long consonant sound. In connected speech, when a first word ends with the same consonant sound that the next word begins with, we often put the sounds together and elongate them. For example: “single ladies” turns into “single-adies”. “social life” turns into “social-ife”.
What is shadowing in speech?
Shadowing is the ideal exercise for practising connected speech. In shadowing, you mimic or imitate the sounds that you hear as you hear them . So you practise saying full sentences exactly like a native speaker.
What does the n sound like in Apple?
For example, when native speakers say “an apple” you’ll usually hear them say, “anapple”. The “n” in “an” gets joined with the “a” sound in “apple” and it becomes almost like a single word. In some cases, the sound of the consonant sound changes when it’s linked.
How to listen to someone read a book?
You could listen to someone read an audiobook while you read the book itself. You could watch a show on Netflix or a YouTube video with the subtitles on.
Aspects of American English Pronunciation
- Teaching pronunciation used to involve little more than identifying and practising the sounds of which a language is composed, that is to say, its phonemes. Recently however, there has been a shift of focus towards the other systems operating within phonology, which may be more important in terms of overall intelligibility. 1. What connected speech is 2. How this affects native and non-…
What Connected Speech is?
- "English people speak so fast" is a complaint I often hear from my students, and often from those at an advanced level, where ignorance of the vocabulary used is not the reason for their lack of comprehension. When students see a spoken sentence in its written form, they have no trouble comprehending. Why is this? The reason, it seems, is that speech is a continuous stream of sou…
Aspects of Connected Speech
- So what is it that we do when stringing words together that causes so many problems for students? 1. And 2. Can 3. Of 4. Have 5. Should The relevance of certain features of connected speech to students' needs is often debated. However, this is not the case with weak forms. Learners must come to not only recognise and cope with the weak forms they h...
Working on Weak Forms
- Here are some ways in which we can attempt to help our students with weak forms. 1. How many words do you hear? 2. Unnatural speech 3. Integrating
Deletion of Sounds in Connected Speech
Challenges For Non-Native Speakers
- Confusion about meaning in connected speech is especially common for non-native speakers listening to native speakers talk. Anyone learning a foreign language needs practice listening to it being spoken naturally, but learners of English have a difficult time picking out individual words from connected speech because words are so often slurred. Native speakers take many verbal …
Stress Patterns in Connected Speech
- In English, the stresspattern of a word is generally influenced by its context. Because of this, even native speakers may pronounce the same word differently, as is often the case in British vs. American English. Connected speech complicates the use of stress by relocating it from one word to another. Author Peter Roach illustrates stress in connected speech in Phonology: A Practical …