What are the main parts of the shoulder?
The shoulder is made up of three bones: the scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collarbone) and humerus (upper arm bone). Two joints in the shoulder allow it to move: the acromioclavicular joint, where the highest point of the scapula (acromion) meets the clavicle, and the glenohumeral joint.
What are the 4 ligaments of the shoulder?
Ligaments in the shoulder are essential for a healthy shoulder.Glenohumeral Ligaments.Coraco-acromial Ligament.Coraco-clavicular Ligaments.Transverse Humeral Ligament.
What are the 3 main joints of the shoulder?
The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and the scapula, which articulates with the proximal humerus of the upper limb. Four joints are present in the shoulder: the sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC), and scapulothoracic joints, and glenohumeral joint.
What is the part behind your shoulder called?
The scapula (shoulder blade). The scapula is a large, flat, and somewhat triangular bone that sits between the humerus (upper arm bone) and collarbone.
What is the most commonly injured tendon in the shoulder?
Rotator Cuff Tears A rotator cuff tear occurs when any tendon of the rotator cuff rips, either partially or completely. Rotator cuff tears are among the most common types of shoulder injuries. Rotator cuff tears are most common in people who repeatedly perform overhead motions.
How do you test for rotator cuff injury?
X-rays. Although a rotator cuff tear won't show up on an X-ray, this test can visualize bone spurs or other potential causes for your pain — such as arthritis. Ultrasound. This type of test uses sound waves to produce images of structures within your body, particularly soft tissues such as muscles and tendons.
What's the top of your shoulder called?
Your shoulder is made up of three bones: your upper arm bone (humerus), your shoulder blade (scapula), and your collarbone (clavicle). The head of your upper arm bone fits into a rounded socket in your shoulder blade. This socket is called the glenoid.
What is the area between your neck and shoulder called?
The trapeziusThe trapezius is a large muscle in your back. It starts at the base of your neck and extends across your shoulders and down to the middle of your back. Providers call it the trapezius because of its shape. It looks like a trapezoid (a shape with four sides, two that are parallel).
What is the shoulder muscle called?
The primary muscle group that supports the shoulder joint is the rotator cuff muscles. The four rotator cuff muscles include the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
What is front of shoulder called?
Anterior deltoids: The front delts that help move your arm forward. They connect to your clavicle.
What's the muscle on top of shoulder?
Deltoid is a large triangular muscle that covers the glenohumeral joint, where your upper arm inserts into your shoulder socket.
Where is rotator cuff pain?
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of the upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder. A rotator cuff injury can cause a dull ache in the shoulder that worsens at night. Rotator cuff injuries are common and increase with age.
What are the 4 major Bursa found in the shoulder complex?
Subacromial-subdeltoid (SASD) bursa. Subscapular recess. Subcoracoid bursa. Coracoclavicular bursa.
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
Parts of the Rotator CuffSupraspinatus controls internal rotation and lifting of the arm.Infraspinatus allows you to externally rotate your arm in the shoulder socket.Teres minor is a small muscle that helps rotate your arm.Subscapularis controls arm abduction (holding your arm out straight, away from your body).
What are the symptoms of a torn ligament in the shoulder?
Common symptoms of a shoulder ligament tear are: Shoulder pain and swelling. Increased pain with arm movement or shrugging your shoulder. Distortion in the normal contour of the shoulder.
How do you heal a torn ligament in your shoulder?
Management and TreatmentAn arm sling and rest to give your shoulder time to heal. ... Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to minimize pain and swelling.Physical therapy to learn strengthening and stretching exercises.Steroid injections to ease pain and swelling.
What is the shoulder?
The shoulder is a complex combination of bones and joints where many muscles act to provide the widest range of motion of any part of the body.
What is the collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder called?
The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff. It stabilizes the shoulder and holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid, a shallow cavity in the scapula. The muscles of the rotator cuff include the suprasinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
What is the name of the joint that connects the clavicle to the sternum?
Sternoclavicular joint: This joint is at the center of the chest where the clavicle meets the sternum. It allows the clavicles to move. Each joint is surrounded by: tendons, to attach the muscles to the bones. The collection of muscles and tendons in the shoulder is known as the rotator cuff.
Where is the scapula located?
Scapula: More commonly known as the shoulder blade, the scapula is a flat triangular bone located in the upper back. It connects with the collarbone at the front of the body. Humerus: The largest bone of the arm, the humerus connects to the scapula and clavicle in the shoulder. The head of the bone has a ball-like knob to create a ball-and-socket ...
Which joint forms the highest point of the shoulder and provides the ability to raise the arm above the head?
It is surrounded by soft tissue and strengthened by fibrous ligaments. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint: This joint forms the highest point of the shoulder and provides the ability to raise the arm above the head. The meeting of the scapula and clavicle forms it.
Which bones are 90 degrees?
At the shoulder, three major bones meet and create a 90-degree angle: Clavicle: Also known as the collarbone, the clavicle extends across the front of the shoulder from the sternum to the scapula. It helps stabilize the shoulder’s movements. Scapula: More commonly known as the shoulder blade, the scapula is a flat triangular bone located in ...
What are the structures of the shoulder?
The shoulder has several other important structures: 1 The rotator cuff is a collection of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder, giving it support and allowing a wide range of motion. 2 The bursa is a small sac of fluid that cushions and protects the tendons of the rotator cuff. 3 A cuff of cartilage called the labrum forms a cup for the ball-like head of the humerus to fit into.
What is shoulder bursitis?
Shoulder bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, the small sac of fluid that rests over the rotator cuff tendons. Pain with overhead activities or pressure on the upper, outer arm are symptoms.
What causes a rotator cuff tear?
A rotator cuff tear may be a sudden injury, or result from steady overuse. Shoulder impingement: The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. If inflammation or an injury in the rotator cuff is present, this impingement causes pain.
What causes pain in the shoulder when lifting?
Shoulder impingement: The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. If inflammation or an injury in the rotator cuff is present, this impingement causes pain.
What is the largest joint in the body?
The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket. Other important bones in the shoulder include: The acromion is a bony projection off the scapula. The clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion in ...
What causes a popping sensation in the shoulder?
Shoulder dislocation: The humerus or one of the other bones in the shoulder slips out of position. Raising the arm causes pain and a "popping" sensation if the shoulder is dislocated. Shoulder tendonitis: Inflammation of one of the tendons in the shoulder's rotator cuff.
What causes a frozen shoulder?
Frozen shoulder : Inflammation develops in the shoulder that causes pain and stiffness. As a frozen shoulder progresses, movement in the shoulder can be severely limited. Osteoarthritis: The common "wear-and-tear" arthritis that occurs with aging. The shoulder is less often affected by osteoarthritis than the knee.
How many muscles are there in the shoulder?
Shoulder Muscles. While most people think of the rotator cuff when they think of muscles surrounding the shoulder joint, these are just four of the 17 muscles that cross the shoulder joint. Some of these other muscles are also critical to normal shoulder function.
What is the capsule of the shoulder?
Shoulder Capsule. The shoulder capsule surrounds the ball-and-socket part of the shoulder joint. The capsule separates the joint from the rest of the body and contains the joint fluid. Several ligaments make up parts of the joint capsule, and these ligaments are important in keeping the shoulder joint in proper position.
What is the purpose of labrum in shoulder?
The socket of the shoulder joint is shallow, and the labrum gives the socket more depth, and thus more stability. The labrum also serves as the attachment of a major tendon in the shoulder, the biceps tendon. Labral tears in the shoulder can cause pain, instability of the joint, or both. Labral tears are usually classified based on their location.
What is the scapula called?
Shoulder blade ( scapula) Collarbone (clavicle) The scapula has one part that forms a socket for the ball-and-socket shoulder joint; this is called the glenoid. The glenoid is covered with smooth cartilage. Where the rounded top of the arm bone (humerus) contacts the shoulder blade is called the glenohumeral joint.
Why is the rotator cuff important?
The rotator cuff muscles are important in movements of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint. The rotator cuff is important in many routine activities, and when injured can cause severe pain. When the rotator cuff is inflamed or irritated, this is referred to as rotator cuff tendonitis or shoulder bursitis.
What is the joint between the shoulder blade and the arm bone called?
Where the rounded top of the arm bone (humerus) contacts the shoulder blade is called the glenohumeral joint . A second joint on the top of the shoulder is where a different part of the shoulder blade, the acromion, connects to the collarbone. This is called the acromioclavicular joint.
What is the joint between the chest and the upper extremity?
The shoulder joint is the junction between the chest and the upper extremity. Two joints are at the shoulder. The glenohumeral joint is the ball-and-socket junction of the top of the arm bone, and the socket of the shoulder blade. A second joint in the shoulder is the junction of the collar bone with the shoulder blade, ...
What are the joints of the shoulder?
The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint . The acromiocla vicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade (scapula) and the collar bone (clavicle) meet.
What is the capsule of the shoulder?
The joint capsule surrounds the shoulder joint. It is a fluid filled sac that lubricates the joint. It is made up of ligaments. Ligaments are soft tissue that holds bone to bone. Shoulder injuries can occur to any part of the shoulder.
What joint connects the scapula and the humerus?
The glenohumeral joint is where the ball (humeral head) and the socket (the glenoid) meet. The rotator cuff connects the humerus to the scapula and is made up of the tendons of four muscles, the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and the subscapularis. Tendons attach muscle to bone.
What is the glenoid in the rotator cuff?
The muscles of the rotator cuff keep the humerus tightly in the socket. The socket, or the glenoid, is shallow and flat. It is rimmed with soft tissue called the labrum that makes a deeper socket that molds to fit the humeral head. The joint capsule surrounds the shoulder joint. It is a fluid filled sac that lubricates the joint.
What are the main joints of the shoulder?
The shoulder complex has four main joints: the glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic, and acromioclavicular joints.
What are the bones of the shoulders?
Shoulder Bone Structures. Your shoulders are made up of 3 main bones: the scapula, clavicle, and the humerus. They serve as the basic structure and support for the joints and ligaments that make up your shoulders as a whole.
Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?
The acromioclavicular joint connects the outer part of the clavicle to the projection at the top of the shoulder blade called the acromion process. The acromion process is located at the edge of the scapula, which makes up the highest point of the shoulder.
How to treat a shoulder injury?
The moment an injury occurs, provide proper first-aid care to your shoulders by using a hot or cold compress to the affected area. Hot compress works for muscle stiffness, while cold compress works best for inflammation and swelling.
What are the most complex parts of the body?
Your shoulders are one of the most complex and mobile parts of your body. They help you stretch, rotate, and support your arms, as well as allow you to do an array of activities like basketball and weight-lifting. To learn more about the structures that make up your shoulders, let's take a quick anatomy lesson and learn about the basics ...
Why is learning about your shoulders important?
Why learning about your shoulders is important. Learning about the anatomy of your shoulders is key to preventing shoulder injuries. By learning how each part works, you can better understand how to take care of your shoulders. Injuries can happen either through accidents or by wear and tear.
Where is the anterior deltoid located?
The anterior deltoid is located at - as the name suggests - the front portion of your shoulder, and is attached to the collarbone. The primary function of the anterior deltoid is for flexing the arm at the shoulder joint, rotating the shoulder inward, or raising your arms sideways.
What is the anatomy of the shoulder?
Shoulder Anatomy and Function. How a Healthy Shoulder Works. The shoulder’s anatomy is the body’s most flexible joint, as well as the most complex. Its anatomy is made up of three parts: The collarbone, or clavicle. This is a long and thin bone that essentially keeps the upper arm far enough from the shoulder yet still intact in order ...
How many parts of shoulder replacement are there?
The artificial shoulder joint can have either two or three parts depending on the type of surgery required. This will differ from patient to patient.
What is the purpose of the shoulder blade?
Its purpose is to stabilize the humerus, which lies on the outer edge of the shoulder blade. The upper arm bone, or humerus. This is the bone of the upper arm.
What is the joint that connects the upper arm to the scapula?
The glenohumeral joint is also known as the shoulder joint. It’s a ball-and-socket formation that connects the upper arm to the scapula or shoulder blade. It allows free movement of the arm with unrestricted range of motion.
Why does my shoulder hurt?
Sometimes shoulder pain may be a sign of a larger issue rather than just a result of an injury. Osteoarthritis (OA), sometimes called degenerative arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis. It is referred to as ‘degenerative’ because it essentially is a condition which involves the wearing out of cartilage in the joints. Because the shoulder is not a weight-bearing joint like the knee or hip, it is uncommon for OA to develop without an initial shoulder injury such as dislocation. It is this initial injury that will lead to joint instability and damage, allowing the development of OA.
How long does it take to recover from shoulder replacement surgery?
According to a 2017 study by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), approximately 96% of recreational athletes aged 55 and younger who underwent total shoulder replacement surgery returned to at least one sport, on average, within seven months of surgery. This speaks to just how successful these surgeries are, and why they are definitely worth your consideration if other treatment options do not work.
What bone keeps the arm from the shoulder?
The collarbone, or clavicle. This is a long and thin bone that essentially keeps the upper arm far enough from the shoulder yet still intact in order to maintain maximum range of motion.
What joint is associated with the shoulder girdle?
Glenohumeral joint. The glenohumeral joint is one of the joints associated with the shoulder girdle that allow a full range of movement of the upper limb . It is simply the articulation between the laterally projecting glenoid fossa (depression), or glenoid cavity, of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
Which muscles provide the shoulder with its characteristic contour?
The two most superficial muscles of the shoulder are the deltoid and the trapezius muscles. These muscles provide the shoulder with its characteristic contour.
What is the brachial plexus?
In the shoulder and arm, the brachial plexus gives rise to two nerves: the suprascapular nerve. the axillary nerve.
Where does the brachial artery end?
It passes posterior to the pectoralis minor into the arm and becomes the brachial artery when it passes the inferior border of the teres major.
Where is the rotator cuff located?
Rotator cuff SITS on the shoulder. ( S upraspinatus, I nfraspinatus, T eres minor, S ubscapularis) Besides the rotator cuff, there are also other muscles that are important for the movements of the upper limb and are located in the region of the shoulder and arm: Teres major. Serratus anterior.
What is the region where the upper limb is attached to the trunk?
The shoulder is the region where the upper limb is attached to the trunk. The bones of the shoulder are:
Which bones articulate with the scapula?
The humerus is the bone of the arm that articulates with the scapula proximally and with the radius and the ulna distally. Immerse yourself with the following learning materials to learn everything about the bones of the arm. Humerus and scapula Explore study unit. Main bones of the upper limb Explore study unit.
What muscle covers the shoulder?
The largest of these shoulder muscles is the deltoid. This large triangular muscle covers the glenohumeral joint and gives the shoulder its rounded-off shape. It stretches across the top of the shoulder ...
Which muscle is responsible for the rounded off shape of the shoulder?
This large triangular muscle covers the glenohumeral joint and gives the shoulder its rounded-off shape. It stretches across the top of the shoulder from the clavicle in the front to the scapula in the back. It then stretches downward to near the center of the humerus bone. Different fibers of the muscle are responsible for different actions, ...
What muscles help with shoulder movement?
Other muscles that aid in shoulder movement include: 1 Infraspinatus: This rotator cuff muscle helps with the raising and lowering of the upper arm. 2 Triceps brachii: This large muscle in the back of the upper arm helps straighten the arm. 3 Pectoralis major: This large fan-shaped muscle stretches from the armpit up to the collarbone and down across the lower chest region. It connects to the sternum (breastbone). 4 Pectoralis minor: The smaller of the pectoralis muscles, this muscle fans out from the upper ribs up to the shoulder area. 5 Teres major: This muscle helps rotate the upper arm. 6 Biceps brachii: Commonly known as the bicep muscle, this muscle rests on top of the humerus bone. It rotates the forearm and also flexes the elbow. 7 Latissimus dorsi: This flat rectangular muscle of the back helps the arms rotate as well as move away and closer to the body. 8 Subscapularis: This is a large triangular muscle near the humerus and collarbone. It helps rotate the humerus. 9 Supraspinatus: This small muscle is located at the top of the shoulder and helps raise the arm away from the body.
Why does my shoulder hurt?
It stabilizes the shoulder and holds the head of the humerus into the glenoid cavity to maintain the principal shoulder joint. Because these muscles are used in a wide range of motion and are responsible for bearing heavy loads, shoulder muscle pain is a common ailment. The most common cause of shoulder pain is overexertion ...
How to heal a shoulder muscle?
Minor shoulder muscle pain can usually be healed with a combination of rest, ice, elevation, and compression of the impacted region.
Which muscle connects to the sternum?
Pectoralis major: This large fan-shaped muscle stretches from the armpit up to the collarbone and down across the lower chest region. It connects to the sternum (breastbone).
Which muscle helps rotate the upper arm?
Teres major: This muscle helps rotate the upper arm.
