what are proxy forces

Proxy forces allow you to express a web of flexible spring-like forces that pull your proxy into its final position. These forces are often a combination of aligning relative to other objects and to surrounding surfaces.

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What is a proxy fight?

A proxy fight, also known as a proxy contest or proxy battle, refers to a situation in which a group of shareholders in a company joins forces in an attempt to oppose and vote out the current management or board of directors. In other words, a proxy fight is a battle between shareholders and senior management for control of the company.

Why do states engage in proxy war?

A state’s perspective Why engage in proxy war? A state’s perspective States use proxies for many reasons, writes Dan Byman. For the United States, the issue is often cost: Locals fight, and die, so Americans do not have to. For many states, however, factors other than cost and fighting power come into plan.

What is proxy war in the Cold War?

Proxy war. During the Cold War, proxy warfare was motivated by fears that a conventional war between the United States and Soviet Union would result in nuclear holocaust, rendering the use of ideological proxies a safer way of exercising hostilities. The Soviet government found that supporting parties antagonistic to the US...

What are proxies and why do they matter?

Proxies also offer a way of fighting that can limit escalation. States often deny that they are supporting proxies—Russia, for example, claims not to be involved in Ukraine despite funding an array of groups opposed to the government of Kyiv, arming and supporting them with its own forces.

What were the 3 proxy wars?

How else was the Cold War fought? Over more than four decades of Cold War, the U.S. and Soviet Union waged multiple proxy wars across the globe. In the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and other armed conflicts, the superpowers funded opposing sides or fought directly against communist or capitalist militias.

What is difference between proxy and Cold War?

Proxy War generally involves armed conflict sometimes using non-state players. Strength of rivals: Cold War generally involves rivalry among almost equally militarily powerful states. Proxy War, on the other hand, is waged between militarily unequal rivals.

What was the longest proxy war?

the Second Congo WarSince the end of the Cold War the largest war by proxy has been the Second Congo War in which the governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Rwanda all used third party armed irregular groups.

What are proxy wars in simple terms?

A proxy war occurs when a major power instigates or plays a major role in supporting and directing a party to a conflict but does only a small portion of the actual fighting itself.

When did proxy wars start?

The proxy wars in Afghanistan combined with the military modernization in the Middle East to help sow the seeds of future conflict. The opening of the proxy conflict in Afghanistan began with the assassination of Adolph Dubs, America's ambassador in Kabul, in February 1979 following the Saur Revolution in 1978.

Why was the Vietnam War a proxy war?

During the Cold War (1947-1991), the U.S. and Russia avoid nuclear annihilation by waging "proxy wars," supporting opposing sides in regional conflicts. Vietnam is a classic proxy war, with the Viet Cong substituting for the Soviet bloc, and the U.S. providing aid and air support (bombing) to a puppet regime.

What wars are the US involved in currently?

'" By that definition, the United States is at war in five places right now: Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen. (Update: A US-led coalition is now bombing Islamic State targets in Syria.

How many wars are going on right now?

According to the Council on Foreign Relations's Global Conflict Tracker, there are currently 27 ongoing conflicts worldwide.

Is Korean War a proxy war?

The Korean War was a proxy war for the Cold War. The West—the United Kingdom and the U.S., supported by the United Nations—supported South Korea, while communist China and the Soviet Union supported North Korea.

Why is the Korean War an example of a proxy war?

While the ROK, was backed by US and UN forces. The support that the divided Koreas received demonstrates that this war was the direct result of Cold War tensions between the USA and the USSR. Therefore making this war a proxy war between the two superpowers.

What is a proxy war quizlet?

Define Proxy War. Having another country fight for a larger, more powerful country so as to avoid getting involved.

What is the difference between war and Cold War?

Cold war and Hot war are two types of war that are described figuratively in order to stress the intensity and the nature of war. Cold war is normally a political war wherein violence is not employed.

Why was it called the Cold War?

The main enemies were the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War got its name because both sides were afraid of fighting each other directly. In a "hot war," nuclear weapons might destroy everything. So, instead, both sides fought each other indirectly.

How many proxy wars did the Cold War have?

Details of the four major proxy wars of the Cold War, including the Korean War, the Vietnamese War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Afghan-Soviet War. An analysis of the impact of each proxy war and how significant they were in influencing relations between the US and the USSR during the Cold War.

What does Cold War refer to?

1 : a conflict over ideological differences carried on by methods short of sustained overt military action and usually without breaking off diplomatic relations specifically, often capitalized C&W : the ideological conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the second half of the 20th century — compare hot ...

What is proxy fight?

In other words, a proxy fight is a battle between shareholders and senior management for control of the company. It is also a strategy commonly employed in hostile takeovers.

What is proxy battle?

Proxy fights are commonly initiated by dissatisfied shareholders of a company. In a proxy battle, shareholders convene with other shareholders to use their votes to pressure management and the board of directors. Board of Directors A board of directors is a panel of people elected to represent shareholders. Every public company is required ...

Why do shareholders fight for proxy rights?

There are many reasons for a proxy fight, but the main rationale is due to shareholders being unhappy with the current corporate governance and business decisions. Below are real-life examples of why shareholders wage proxy battles.

Why did shareholders of Guyana Goldfields feel pressure?

The gold mining company faced immense pressure from shareholders due to poor performance – the amount of gold in proven and probable reserves at its Aurora mine in Guyana declined 1.7 million ounces compared to management estimates from the prior year.

What is the catalyst for proxy fights?

As apparent in each of the examples above, a common catalyst for a proxy fight is management dissatisfaction by shareholders.

Is a proxy revocable?

Typically, most proxies are revocable, but some agreements may include specific clauses that require the proxy to be irrevocable for a specified period. Pre-Offer Defense Mechanism. Pre-Offer Defense Mechanism Pre-offer defense mechanism is a general term for a broad group of defensive strategies in M&A transactions.

What Is a Proxy Fight?

A proxy fight refers to the act of a group of shareholders joining forces and attempting to gather enough shareholder proxy votes to win a corporate vote. Sometimes referred to as a "proxy battle,” this action is mainly used in corporate takeovers.

What is a proxy statement?

Shareholders may be sent a Form DEF 14A–also called a proxy statement –which contains financial information and other data on the target company. If the proxy fight involves the sale of the company, the proxy statement will also include a more granular version of the proposed acquisition.

Why do proxy fights favor the acquirer?

While the same level of disinterest often applies to acquisition votes, a proxy fight may favor the acquirer, if the target company’s poor financial results negatively impact shareholders —especially if the acquirer has strong ideas for making the company profitable to shareholders.

What does a proxy solicitor do?

In most cases, proxy solicitors may scrutinize or challenge unclear votes, and they may flag situations where shareholders voted multiple times or neglected to sign their votes. The acquiring company then forwards the results to the target company's corporate secretary before the shareholders' meeting. Finally, prospective board members are ...

What is proxy war?

Writers. v. t. e. A proxy war is an armed conflict between two states or non-state actors which act on the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved in the hostilities. In order for a conflict to be considered a proxy war, there must be a direct, long-term relationship between external actors and ...

Why do nations use proxy warfare?

Nations may also resort to proxy warfare to avoid potential negative international reactions from allied nations, profitable trading partners , or intergovernmental organizations such as the United Nations. That is especially significant when standing peace treaties, acts of the alliance or other international agreements ostensibly forbid direct warfare. Breaking such agreements could lead to a variety of negative consequences due to either negative international reaction (see above), punitive provisions listed in the prior agreement, or retaliatory action by the other parties and their allies.

What was the proxy war in Nicaragua?

Proxy wars can have a huge impact, especially on the local area. A proxy war with significant effects occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Vietnam War.

Why was proxy warfare used in the Cold War?

During the Cold War, proxy warfare was motivated by fears that a conventional war between the United States and the Soviet Union would result in nuclear holocaust, which rendered the use of ideological proxies a safer way of exercising hostilities.

What are some examples of proxy wars?

The conflict has resulted in, among other things, the Syrian Civil War, the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the current civil war in Yemen, and the re-emergence of the Taliban.

Why do countries use military intervention?

A nation may use military intervention to install a more favorable government in a third-party state . Rival nations may perceive the intervention as a weakened position to their own security and may respond by attempting to undermine such efforts, often by backing parties favorable to their own interests (such as those directly or indirectly under their control, sympathetic to their cause, or ideologically aligned). In that case, if one or both rivals come to believe that their favored faction is at a disadvantage, they will often respond by escalating military and/or financial support. If their counterpart (s), perceiving a material threat or desiring to avoid the appearance of weakness or defeat, follow suit, a proxy war ensues between the two powers. That was a major factor in many of the proxy wars during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as in the ongoing series of conflicts between Saudi Arabia and Iran, especially in Yemen and Syria.

How does external support affect armed conflict?

In general, lengths, intensities, and scales of armed conflicts are often greatly increased if belligerents' capabilities are augmented by external support. Belligerents are often less likely to engage in diplomatic negotiations, peace talks are less likely to bear fruit, and damage to infrastructure can be many times greater.

What is a proxy?

Broadly speaking, a web proxy, also referred to as a proxy or proxy server, is a way to filter the connection between your computer and the internet.

Why do we need proxy?

The top reason why a web proxy is needed on a network is that it protects a company’s data assets by limiting websites that potentially contain malicious code. And not just data assets, but physical assets too when you consider the possible costs of replacing an organization’s hardware when a virus renders it unusable.

What is a proxy without a web server?

Without a web proxy, your computer would simply connect directly to the internet to access the website and display it for you . With a proxy, your computer will connect to a separate server, the proxy, that sits between the computer and the internet. The web proxy acts like airport security and is in charge of screening what websites are allowed ...

How does a proxy improve network performance?

Depending on the type of proxy you use and how it is set up, it is possible that using a proxy can improve performance by caching web pages . For example, let’s say you recently visited airtame.com. The proxy can save a temporary copy of the webpage which it stores locally so that when your colleague visits airtame.com ...

Why do organizations use web proxies?

There are two overall reasons why larger organizations use web proxies in their network security setup: to protect their private data and to improve the performance of their internal network.

Why do companies use proxies?

Enterprise companies and educational institutions use proxies to keep their network safe, but they go about it in slightly different ways.

Why is it important to block political websites?

In certain instances, it is necessary to block access to radically political websites or sites that promote hate speech, both to ensure a safe environment for students, as well as make sure students cite quality source material in their research.

What is proxy war?

Proxy war stands in contrast not only to a traditional war—when a state shoulders the burden of its own defense (or offense)—but also an alliance, when major and minor powers work together with each making significant contributions according to their means.

Why do we use proxy?

States use proxies for many reasons. For the United States, the issue is often cost: Locals fight, and die, so Americans do not have to. In addition, because they are local, proxies are often (though not always) more accepted by the affected communities. Therefore, they can better gain intelligence from those communities and are less likely to promote the sort of nationalistic backlash that so often accompany foreign interventions. If the proxy is a guerrilla force, they often know the terrain better and can blend in with the population in a way that foreigners never can. Most states lack the power-projection capacity of the United States and turn to proxies as a way to influence events far from their borders. Iran lacks a navy or massive airlift capacity necessary to sustain large forces in Yemen: Supporting the Houthis, however, gives Tehran influence there nonetheless.

Why are proxies important?

Proxies also offer a way of fighting that can limit escalation. States often deny that they are supporting proxies—Russia, for example, claims not to be involved in Ukraine despite funding an array of groups opposed to the government of Kyiv, arming and supporting them with its own forces. At times, other states may not know about foreign support or at least the extent of support, but in others it is a convenient fiction: Not knowing, or at least not having to know because a rival trumpets its support publicly, allows a government not to respond when it would prefer to avoid the matter. The United States cooperates with Pakistan on counterterrorism and operations in Afghanistan, and Islamabad’s denials that it is providing massive support for the Taliban allow a façade of amity. All this makes escalation harder, or at least limited to a certain arena. Israel, for example, has warred repeatedly against the Lebanese Hezbollah but has not struck Iran directly despite Tehran’s massive financial and military support for the group. But if Iran, rather than Hezbollah, attacked Israel with a missile, then Israel would feel compelled to strike Iran itself. This is especially important for Iran, which cannot match Israel economically, militarily, or even diplomatically given the Islamic Republic’s global pariah status.

Why do states back proxies?

States at times back proxies because they enhance a leadership’s credibility at home: An array of Arab governments often backed Yasser Arafat or other Palestinian leaders, many of whom they loathed, in order to burnish their Arab-nationalist credibility among domestic populations that saw the Palestinian cause as the beating heart of Arab identity.

Does Iran use proxies?

Syria is no exception for Iran, which uses proxies in many of its conflicts: the Lebanese Hezbollah, an array of Shiite militias in Iraq, and the aforementioned Houthis in Yemen, among others. Russia uses proxies in Ukraine, and the United States often does so in its operations in the Middle East and Africa, supporting the Kurdish “People’s Protection Unit” against the Islamic State in Syria and working with armed groups in Libya to fight terrorists there. Indeed, much of the U.S. struggle against terrorism in parts of Africa and the Middle East involves working with local forces or governments to get them to more aggressively go after groups linked to al-Qaida or the Islamic State. By design, it is the proxy, not the United States, that is doing much of the lifting, with the United States providing intelligence, using special-operations forces, and deploying drones to maintain a light footprint.

Is proxy group corrupt?

Proxies are also often corrupt, brutal, and incompetent. Just as sponsoring states are often happy to fight to the last member of the proxy group, so too are many proxies happy to cash their sponsors’ checks and do little in return. The United States spent millions training various Syrian opposition-group members, ...

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