noun Definition of second growth : forest trees that come up naturally after removal of the first growth
Old-growth forest
An old-growth forest — also termed primary forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, late seral forest, or (in Britain) ancient woodland — is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance and thereby exhibits unique ecological features and might be classified as a climax community.
What is a second-growth forest?
If a forest has been logged once and has grown back it is called second-growth. In creating Redwood National and State Parks, tens of thousands of acres of second-growth forest were purchased from logging companies. These second-growth forests are now dominated by Douglas-fir trees that were often seeded by private helicopters and planes.
What is the density of trees in a second-growth forest?
These second-growth forests are now dominated by Douglas-fir trees that were often seeded by private helicopters and planes. The density of these young trees can be more than a thousand trees per acre. Second-growth forests have...
Why are we thinning second-growth forests?
These young, second-growth forests are very unhealthy. In 1979, Redwood National Park first used prescribed thinning in second-growth forests to help restore degraded forests. Across RNSP now, we remove mostly young, non-redwood trees to mimic the tree density found in old-growth redwood forests.
What is the definition of second growth in biology?
Definition of second growth. : forest trees that come up naturally after removal of the first growth by cutting or by fire.
What is considered a second-growth forest?
A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest or clearing for agriculture, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident.
What is the difference between old-growth and second-growth?
Second-growth stands are ecologically much different from old-growth stands because after 20–30 years, the stands often reach the stem exclusion stage where pole-sized trees grow so tightly packed that light does not reach the forest floor, and understory forage does not grow.
What is the difference between a tree plantation and a second-growth forest?
Second-growth forest: A stand of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession. 3. Tree plantation: A managed forest containing only one or two species of trees that are all of the same age.
What are second-growth redwoods?
What is a Second-Growth Forest? If a forest has been logged once and has grown back it is called second-growth. In creating Redwood National and State Parks, tens of thousands of acres of second-growth forest were purchased from logging companies.
When did they stop using old-growth wood?
In America, we began seriously depleting these virgin forests during the industrial revolution, and by the 1940s, most of them were gone. Lumber prices began to spike as Americans looked for substitutions for our lumber addiction. Enter second-growth and new-growth wood.
Is old-growth wood better?
According Scott Sidler of The Craftsman Blog, old-growth wood has distinct advantages over today's wood: it is resistant to rot and termites, stronger and harder, and more stable. Stability refers to how much the wood expands and contracts due to moisture.
Are there any virgin forests left?
Sierra National Forest, California The Sierra National Forest houses 383,000 acres of old-growth on the western side of the Sierra Nevada mountains in Central California. The trees in the old-growth area are dominated by lodgepole pine and red firs.
What is second growth hickory?
#Second growth, " when applied to a forest stand, denotes timber that grew after the removal of a large portion or perhaps even all of the previous stand by cutting, fire, wind, or other means.
What are virgin trees?
Virgin forests are old-growth forests that have never been logged. The concept of diverse tree structure includes multi-layered canopies and canopy gaps, greatly varying tree heights and diameters, and diverse tree species and classes and sizes of woody debris.
How tall are second-growth redwoods?
Most loom over 250 feet, and a handful stand merely a few inches shorter than the 276-footer. The grove is situated in a canyon, which means trees are vying for light, prompting them to grow taller, faster. Under normal conditions, it can take 300 to 400 years for a coast redwood to reach 300 feet.
How old are second-growth redwoods?
Don) Endl.) forests are an important and uncommon resource in the redwood region. Development of second-growth redwood forests beyond rotation age is not well understood. Continuous long-term data are especially lacking, considering that the maximum possible age of second-growth stands is now over 150 years.
What is considered old-growth redwood?
The difference between old and new growth is a matter of debate, but most agree that in order to be considered old growth a redwood tree must be over 200 years old and have at least 8 grains per inch on a cross-section.
What is second growth forest?
If a forest has been logged once and has grown back it is called second-growth. In creating Redwood National and State Parks, tens of thousands of acres of second-growth forest were purchased from logging companies. These second-growth forests are now dominated by Douglas-fir trees that were often seeded by private helicopters and planes. The density of these young trees can be more than a thousand trees per acre.
What is the restoration of second growth forests?
Restoration of second-growth forests requires the removal of logging roads, thinning and removal of selected trees, stream restoration, and solving erosion problems. All of this work is based on building partnerships and trust between a wide variety of private, tribal, government, non-profit, and academic organisations. Redwoods Rising is an important example of restoration partnerships at these parks.
How many mature redwood trees are there in an acre?
Old-growth forests are healthy habitats for a wide range of species and might have about a dozen mature redwood trees per acre. Old-growth redwood forests have... 1) A small number of giant redwoods in each ...
What is the impact of thinning the forest canopy?
After this treatment there is alot more light and space for the remaining trees to grow taller and wider.
Why is Redwoods Rising important?
Redwoods Rising is an important example of restoration partnerships at these parks. There is no replacing all the old-growth forests that were logged. But, because of forest restoration future generations of visitors (and wildlife) will have more old-growth redwoods than were around when the parks were established.
How deep are redwood forests?
The complex ecosystems of these forests go from inter-connected roots ten feet underground, to niche habitats more than 350-feet up in the canopy.
Why are old growth forests important?
Another reason to restore tens of thousands of acres of old-growth redwood forests is their ability to store massive amounts of carbon.
What is secondary growth in botany?
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, ...
What plants have secondary growth?
Secondary growth also occurs in many nonwoody plants, e.g. tomato, potato tuber, carrot taproot and sweet potato tuberous root. A few long-lived leaves also have seconda ry growth.
Why do palm trees grow so big?
Palm trees increase their trunk diameter due to division and enlargement of parenchyma cells, which is termed "primary gigantism" because there is no production of secondary xylem and phloem tissues, or sometimes "diffuse secondary growth".
How do palms increase trunk diameter?
Palms (in the picture Roystonea regia palm) increase their trunk diameter by means of division and enlargement of parenchyma tissue, without a real secondary growth (production of secondary vascular strands—secondary xylem and phloem tissues—with the consequent enlargement of the canopy and root system).
What are the two lateral meristems that add wood to a plant?
New wood is added in each growth season by the lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium.
Why do trees have cork cambiums?
The cork cambium gives rise to thickened cork cells to protect the surface of the plant and reduce water loss.
Do dicots have anomalous secondary growth?
Abnormal secondary growth does not follow the pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside as in ancestral lignophytes. Some dicots have anomalous secondary growth, e.g. in Bougainvillea a series of cambia arise outside the oldest phloem.
Which forest has second and third growth?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The forest in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is generally considered to have second and third growth characteristics.
How long does it take for a forest to become a secondary forest?
It takes a secondary forest typically forty to 100 years to begin to resemble the original old-growth forest; however, in some cases a secondary forest will not succeed, due to erosion or soil nutrient loss in certain tropical forests .
What is secondary forest?
A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident. It is distinguished from an old-growth forest (primary or primeval forest), which has not recently undergone such disruption, and complex early seral forest, as well as third-growth forests that result from harvest in second growth forests. Secondary forest regrowing after timber harvest differs from forest regrowing after natural disturbances such as fire, insect infestation, or windthrow because the dead trees remain to provide nutrients, structure, and water retention after natural disturbances. However, often after natural disturbance the timber is harvested and removed from the system, in which case the system more closely resembles secondary forest rather than complex early seral forest.
Why do trees regrowth after harvest?
Secondary forest regrowing after timber harvest differs from forest regrowing after natural disturbances such as fire, insect infestation, or windthrow because the dead trees remain to provide nutrients, structure, and water retention after natural disturbances. However, often after natural disturbance the timber is harvested and removed from ...
How long does it take for a forest to develop primary characteristics?
Description. Depending on the forest, the development of primary characteristics may take anywhere from a century to several millennia. Hardwood forests of the eastern United States, for example, can develop primary characteristics in one or two generations of trees, or 150–500 years.
What happens to the soil quality in semi-tropical rainforests?
In the case of semi-tropical rainforests, where soil nutrient levels are characteristically low, the soil quality may be significantly diminished following the removal of primary forest. In Panama, growth of new forests from abandoned farmland exceeded loss of primary rainforest in 1990.
What happens when a forest is cleared?
An area that has been cleared will first be colonized by pioneer species. Even though some species loss may occur with primary forest removal, a secondary forest can protect the watershed from further erosion and provides habitat. Secondary forests may also buffer edge effects around mature forest fragments and increase connectivity between them.
How do old growth trees grow?
In other old-growth forests, the tree rings show a different pattern—fast growth when the canopy is open, slower growth while the canop y is closed, and fast growth when the canop y opens again. Other pathways may also lead to old-growth forests, with some pathways slower than others. Even so, thin- ning in plantations is very likely to accelerate the devel- opment of structural diversity and hence biological diversity in these young forests. For many densely stocked stands, the options will be more constrained if the stands are not thinned soon. Because some forest plantations are already 50 years
What is the old growth forest floor?
The old-growth forest floor is bumpy with fallen trees and patches of shrubs, plants, mosses, and fungi. Photo by Tom Iraci Puget oregonian (top) and warty jumping-slugs (bottom). Two of the mollusk species closely associated with old-growth forests within the range of the spotted owl. Photos by Bill Leonard
What are the risks of thinning a forest?
Exotic plant species such as English holly and thistles can invade thinned stands. However, one result of thinning is the development of richer understories , and exotic plants may be less likely to get established in stands with well-developed understories of conifers, hardwoods, and native plants. Studies show that thinned forest plantations provide growing conditions similar to those historically found in some developing old-growth forests. However, the stud- ies also show that old-growth forests are highly variable and that they developed along many different pathways. Given the uncertainty, one option would be to manage for a diversity of pathways rather than to apply one uniform prescription, such as heavy thinning, across the landscape. The use of multiple pathways is also a good way to spread risks, as long as all pathways are equally well thought out. Natural disturbances will still occur. Uncertainties still exist. We have learned much from decades of research, but there is clearly much we don’t know. Scientists stress the importance of observing how forests respond to management and learningfrom these results.
What is LSR in the forest?
A network of late-successional reserves (LSRs) was established on federal forest lands in the range of the spotted owl. Because of logging before LSRs were designated, slightly more than one-quarter of the LSR acres are currently dense conifer plantations (about 1,533,000 out of 5,849,000 acres).
How long does it take for a forest to thinning?
Forest Service databases show that in about half of the forest plantations in LSRs, the trees are big enough for commercial thinning (40 to 80+ years). If some wood products are generated, the wood can pay for the work done.
What are the characteristics of an old growth forest?
But there is general agreement on the main characteristics— large live trees; large dead trees (snags) and large fallen trees; trees of varying ages, sizes, and species; a deep, complex canopy; and patches of young trees, shrubs, and herbs on the forest floor. Many old-growth forests on federal lands were frag- mented by timber harvests before old growth’s ecologi- cal values were recognized. In the resulting mosaic, the development of the plantations will be an important factor affecting what ecological values will be provided by these landscapes. If the conifer plantations can develop some old-growth characteristics, then it is likely that the broader forest landscape will provide the eco- logical values of old-growth forests. Old-growth forests are complex in every sense of the word—in vertical and horizontal structure, and in terms of biodiversity and energy flow. The dominant trees have deep crowns
Why are old growth forests important?
Old-growth forests supply many important values, including critical habitat for some wildlife species. These forests are most useful for some wildlife species when they exist in large blocks. But many areas dedicated to old-growth values on federal lands are fragmented by patches of second- growth forests planted after timber harvest. These second-growth forests are often dense stands of Douglas-fir with little structural diversity. When—and if—these conifer plantations develop the characteristics of old-growth forests, then large parts of the forested landscape will function as complex, old forests. Such complex forests would more likely support the full range of biodiversity associated with old-growth forests than would stands with simple structure. Recent research by scientists with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) and by other scientists offers intriguing insights into the processes of forest development. These findings sug- gest that managers have options. One option is to let conifer plantations develop old-growth characteristics as a result of natural events over time. Another option is to thin stands in order to restore habitat diversity more quickly. The science findings are explained inside.
Two Stages of Growth
Planning For Your Second Growth
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Overview
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate, and gives rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. If they do have secondary growth, it differs from the typical pattern of ot…
Lateral meristems
In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. Arising from lateral meristems, secondary growth increases the width of the plant root or stem, rather than its length. As long as the lateral meristems continue to produce new cells, the stem or root will continue to grow in diameter. In woody plants, this process produces wood, and shapes the plant into a tree with a thickened trunk.
In nonwoody plants
Secondary growth also occurs in many nonwoody plants, e.g. tomato, potato tuber, carrot taproot and sweet potato tuberous root. A few long-lived leaves also have secondary growth.
Abnormal secondary growth
Abnormal secondary growth does not follow the pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside as in ancestral lignophytes. Some dicots have anomalous secondary growth, e.g. in Bougainvillea a series of cambia arise outside the oldest phloem.
Ancestral monocots lost their secondary growth and their stele has changed in a way it could no…
See also
• Bark
• Cambium (botany)
• Root
• Stem
• Tylosis