Diabetes Mellitus & Oral Health
- Medical complications. Some of the more serious medical conditions associated with untreated or inadequately managed diabetes include nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary heart disease.3,4
- Oral complications. ...
- Dentists' role in addressing diabetes mellitus. ...
- Smoking cessation intervention. ...
- References. ...
What are the oral manifestations and complications of diabetes?
The important oral manifestations and complications related to diabetes include xerostomia, dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, increased tendency to oral infections, burning mouth, taste disturbance, and poor wound healing.
Why do people with diabetes have more dental problems?
This leads to the development of caries (tooth decay or cavities) and gum disease. Also, people with diabetes tend to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This increases the chance for bacteria to grow and cavities to develop.
Why is oral health important for diabetes?
Good oral health habits can help prevent pain and infections from tooth and gum disease. If you have diabetes, taking care of your teeth is even more important. High blood sugar can weaken white blood cells. These are your body’s main way to fight infections that can occur in the mouth.
What are the complications of diabetes?
People with diabetes face a higher risk of: Dry mouth: Uncontrolled diabetes can decrease saliva (spit) flow, resulting in dry mouth. Gum inflammation (gingivitis) and periodontitis: Besides weakening white blood cells, another complication of diabetes is that it causes blood vessels to thicken.
What oral health problems are associated with diabetes?
The most common oral health problems affecting people with diabetes are:periodontal (gum) disease.gum abscesses.tooth decay.fungal infections, such as thrush (also known as candidiasis)lichen planus (an inflammatory, autoimmune skin condition)mouth ulcers.taste disturbances.More items...
What is the most severe oral complication associated with diabetes mellitus?
Periodontitis is more frequent and severe in patients with diabetes with poor glycaemic control.
What is the most complication occur during dental treatment in diabetes patient?
Poorly controlled diabetic patients are at risk for numerous oral complications such as periodontal disease, salivary gland dysfunction, infection, neuropathy, and poor healing.
Does diabetes cause dental problems?
If you have diabetes, you're more likely to have oral health problems like cavities, and infections of the gums and bones that hold your teeth in place because diabetes can reduce the blood supply to the area. If you have diabetes and you're over 50, your risk is even higher.
What are the 4 most common complications of diabetes?
Possible complications include:Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. Diabetes majorly increases the risk of many heart problems. ... Nerve damage (neuropathy). ... Kidney damage (nephropathy). ... Eye damage (retinopathy). ... Foot damage. ... Skin and mouth conditions. ... Hearing impairment. ... Alzheimer's disease.More items...•
What are the 4 most common leading complications of diabetes?
Common diabetes health complications include heart disease, chronic kidney disease, nerve damage, and other problems with feet, oral health, vision, hearing, and mental health.
What is the most common diabetic dental emergency?
The emergency most likely encountered in the dental office is a patient with hypoglycemia or insulin shock. This condition is caused by an excessively high level of insulin due to the patient taking their daily dose of insulin with inadequate intake of carbohydrates.
How does diabetes mellitus affect the oral cavity?
People with diabetes are at greater risk for dental cavities This leads to the development of caries (tooth decay or cavities) and gum disease. Also, people with diabetes tend to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This increases the chance for bacteria to grow and cavities to develop.
How does type 2 diabetes affect the course of dental treatment?
Because saliva protects your teeth, you're also at a higher risk of cavities. Gums may become inflamed and bleed often (gingivitis). You may have problems tasting food. You may experience delayed wound healing.
Does diabetes cause oral thrush?
Diabetes weakens your immune system by making changes to the cells that normally fight germs. That makes it harder for your body to defend and heal itself. As a result, you're more likely to get all kinds of infections, including thrush.
Can Type 2 diabetes cause gum problems?
People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing gum disease. Poorly managed blood sugar levels can cause damage to nerves, blood vessels, the heart, the kidneys, the eyes and the feet. In the same way, the gums can too be affected.
Can diabetes cause yeast infections in mouth?
Thrush is a yeast infection (candida albicans) which tends to affect warm, moist areas of the body such as the vagina, penis, mouth and certain areas of skin. Thrush is more common in people with diabetes as high sugar levels lead to better conditions for the yeast to grow.
How does diabetes mellitus affect the oral cavity?
People with diabetes are at greater risk for dental cavities This leads to the development of caries (tooth decay or cavities) and gum disease. Also, people with diabetes tend to eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This increases the chance for bacteria to grow and cavities to develop.
Does diabetes cause mouth ulcers?
Diabetes is associated with increased risk for thrush, a type of fungal infection. Additionally, people with diabetes are likely to have a dry mouth. This has been associated with increased risk for mouth ulcers, soreness, cavities, and dental infections.
What causes mouth ulcers in diabetics?
Some conditions caused by diabetes can also lead to ulcer formation. For example, dry mouth and low resistance to infection create conditions for oral thrush. This fungal infection causes white or red patches on the skin in the mouth that can result in diabetic ulcers.
Can diabetes cause leukoplakia?
Diabetes is associated with the risk of oral leukoplakia, which is exaggerated by smoking. The risk is positively correlated with A1C concentrations.
Common Diabetes-related Oral Health Problems
Clinicians' Guide to Diabetes and Oral Health Diabetes, Oral Health, Hygiene and Prevention Common Diabetes-Related Oral Health Problems A healthy oral cavity is essential to overall health. Besides the lips, the oral cavity includes the cheeks, teeth, gums, tongue, floor of the mouth under the tongue, and the hard palate.
Diabetes And Oral Health
People with diabetes have a higher risk of tooth and gum problems. It is important to look after your oral health and control your blood glucose levels to prevent gum disease. Visit your dentist regularly for advice about how to keep your teeth and gums healthy. Quit smoking.
Diabetes Complications - Dental Problems
Diabetes & Dental Problems Just as diabetes increases your risk of skin infections, it also increases infections in your mouth and gums.
Oral Manifestations In Type-2 Diabetes And Related Complications Bajaj S, Prasad S, Gupta A, Singh Vb - Indian J Endocr Metab
Diabetes is a common disease with concomitant oral manifestations that impact dental care. Of greater concern is the ability of oral infections to profoundly affect metabolic control of the diabetic state.
The Oral Complications Of Diabetes Are Often Ignored
The oral complications of diabetes are often ignored Written by: Anne Phillips | Published: 02 June 2014 Diabetes UK recently estimated that people with diabetes are three times more likely to develop gum disease than those without diabetes.1 Periodontal health has been under-recognised as an additional complication of living with diabetes, and is sometimes referred to as the 'sixth complication'.
Diabetes And Periodontal Disease
If you have diabetes, you know the disease can harm your eyes, nerves, kidneys, heart and other important systems in the body. Did you know it can also cause problems in your mouth? People with diabetes have a higher than normal risk of periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are infections of the gum and bone that hold the teeth in place.
Diabetes And Teeth - American Dental Association
By Laura Martin, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine Did you know that 29.1 million people living in the United States have diabetes ? That’s 9.3% of the population. Approximately 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed each year—and 8.1 million people living with diabetes don’t even know they have it.
How to prevent diabetes and oral health?
Diabetes and Oral Health. Visit your dentist for regular checkups to prevent problems. A healthy mouth is important for everyone, but high blood sugar can make it harder to keep your mouth healthy. If you have diabetes, learn how you can avoid oral health problems and keep a smile on your face. Taking good care of your mouth is essential ...
Why does my mouth feel dry after diabetes?
Here’s a quick look at how diabetes can take its toll on your oral health: You may have less saliva, causing your mouth to feel dry. (Dry mouth is also caused by certain medicines.) Your gums may become inflamed and bleed often (signs of gum disease). Infections in your mouth can take longer to heal.
How to keep diabetes on track?
Follow your diabetes care schedule to help stay on track. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Floss your teeth at least once a day. Tell your dentist if you have diabetes.
Why is it important to take care of your mouth?
Good oral health habits can help prevent pain and infections from tooth and gum disease.
How to keep your mouth healthy?
Keep Your Mouth Healthy and Happy. Treating gum disease may be able to help lower your blood sugar over time. Regular dental visits are important to prevent problems. Follow your diabetes care schedule. Keep regular dental visits for professional cleanings, X-rays, and checkups.
What happens if you smoke and your gums bleed?
Other signs include dry mouth, loose teeth, or mouth pain. If you smoke, quit. Smoking increases your risk of gum disease and can worsen your diabetes. Learn More.
Does high blood sugar affect white blood cells?
High blood sugar can weaken white blood cells . These are your body’s main way to fight infections that can occur in the mouth. Keep that smile on your face, though! By managing your diabetes, you manage more than your blood sugar—you’re helping to prevent gum disease and other infections in your mouth.
Know before you go
Check out these four ways to get the most out of your next dental appointment:
Did you know?
Did you know that it’s possible for your dentist to refer you to your doctor to get screened for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes? A study published recently in BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care found that nearly 1 in 5 people with severe gum disease may have had type 2 diabetes and didn’t know it.
Is diabetes mellitus oral or oral?
Oral Manifestations and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A review. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes have been reported in the literature with few reports about oral ...
Is diabetes a microvascular disease?
Many chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes have been reported in the literature with few reports about oral complications. This article a …. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Is diabetes mellitus a chronic disease?
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting all age groups. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many chronic macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes have been reported in the literature with few reports about oral complications. This article aims to review and increase the awareness ...
What are the complications of diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of these complications is complex, and involves metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, ...
Is the oral cavity vascularized?
Since the oral cavity is also highly vascularized and innervated, oral complications can be expected as well. The relationship between DM and oral diseases has received considerable attention in the past few decades.
What are the complications of DM?
The oral manifestations and complications related to DM include dry mouth (xerostomia), tooth decay (including root caries), periapical lesions, gingivitis, periodontal disease, oral candidiasis, burning mouth (especially glossodynia), altered taste, geographic tongue, coated and fissured tongue, oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis, increased tendency to infections, and defective wound healing [1-8]. The intensity of diabetic complications is usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia[5]. In this study, we briefly reviewed DM and its oral manifestations and complications in recent reliable scientific papers.
What are the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to periodontal disease?
Possible mechanisms for explanation of increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases include alterations in host defense response (such as neutrophil dysfunction), subgingival microflora, structure and metabolism of collagen, vascularity, and gingival crevicular fluid and also, inheritance patterns. Furthermore, several risk factors have been reported, which make these patients more susceptible to the development of periodontal disease including poor oral hygiene, poor metabolic control, longer duration of diabetes, and smoking[3,6-8].
What is the effect of xerostomia on salivary function?
People with diabetes experience salivary dysfunction, which can lead to decreased salivary flow and change in saliva composition. The estimated universal prevalence of xerostomia among diabetic patients ranges between 34% and 51%[1,2]. Xerostomia can lead to numerous problems such as difficulty in eating, swallowing, and speaking. It can actually have a negative effect on patients’ quality of life. Many studies have detected impaired salivary function in adults with diabetes. The etiology is unknown, but may be related to polyuria, autonomic neuropathies, and microvascular changes and alterations in the basement membranes of salivary glands[2,4,5,7,8]. There is a significant relationship between the degree of xerostomia and glucose levels in saliva. Notably, the highest level of salivary dysfunction is observed in diabetics with poor glycemic control[4,5].
What is poor glycemic control?
Poor glycemic control can be associated with the outbreak and progression of gingivitis, periodontitis, and alveolar bone loss. Periodontal disease has been reported with increased incidence and prevalence in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Prevalence of severe periodontitis in diabetic patients compared to nondiabetics has been found to be 59.6%:39%[3,7,8,10].
Why does my mouth feel like it's burning?
Burning sensation or dysesthesia in the oral cavity of diabetic patients is attributed to poor glycemic control, metabolic alterations in oral mucosa, angiopathy, candida infection, and neuropathy [1]. Neuropathic pain in these patients can be manifested as burning, tingling, or even as electric shock or stabbing sensation that these symptoms may be very debilitating. These pain sensations have a considerable effect on the physical and psychological functions, and are associated with the level of sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression[1,4].
Is diabetes mellitus a common disease?
Core tip:Since diabetes mellitus is a common disease and can have some annoying manifestations in the patient’s mouth, it is important for physicians to be aware of these manifestations and to treat them properly.
Can diabetes cause tooth decay?
Diabetic patients are susceptible to the development of new and recurrent dental caries. Reduced cleansing and buffering capacity of the saliva, increase of carbohydrate in the saliva, and increased level of oral yeasts, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli can lead to an increase in the incidence of tooth decay. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia may cause irreversible pulpitis leading to pulp necrosis[1,2,5,7,8]. Some studies have shown that apical periodon-titis and radiolucent periapical lesions are more common in diabetic compared to nondiabetic individuals[1,5,9].
What are the complications of diabetes?
Diabetes complications include: Heart disease. Stroke. Kidney disease. Nerve damage. Eye damage. Digestion problems. Erectile dysfunction.
How does Type 2 diabetes affect the body?
Type 2 diabetes slows down your body's ability to fight infection. High blood glucose leads to high levels of sugar in your body's tissues. When this happens, bacteria grow and infections can develop more quickly. Common sites of infection are your bladder, kidneys, vagina, gums, feet, and skin.
What happens when you don't get enough glucose?
When your cells don't get enough glucose, they start to burn fat for energy, which makes things called ketones. High ketone levels signal that your diabetes is out of control or that you're getting sick. This can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a dangerous complication.
What are the risk factors for heart disease?
Learn more about personal risk factors you have for heart disease, such as a family history or whether you smoke, and work out a prevention plan that includes weight loss, regular exercise, and stress management, as well as keeping your blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides at normal levels.
How to check blood pressure for diabetes?
At every visit, your health care provider will check your blood pressure by placing a cuff around your upper arm that tightens to read the flow of blood through your arteries. They'll also take a small blood sample from your arm to check levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Can diabetes cause numbness in feet?
Over time, diabetes can cause nerve damage that produces symptoms of numbness, burning, or pain in your hands, feet, or legs. If your skin becomes numb, you may not notice small wounds that could grow to become bigger health threats. Check your feet and hands daily for redness, calluses, cracks, or skin breakdown. If you notice any of these symptoms before your next scheduled visit, notify your health care provider immediately.
Does diabetes cause gastroparesis?
Diabetes increases your risk of gastroparesis. With gastroparesis, the nerves to the stomach are damaged and stop working properly. This causes the stomach to take too long to empty its contents and makes it difficult to manage blood glucose levels. Sometimes, changing your diet can help.
What health problems can diabetes cause?
Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause complications, including:
Why is it dangerous to have high blood sugar?
These can happen quickly and can become dangerous. Some of the causes include having another illness or infection and certain medicines.
What is diabetes?
A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.
Why do people with diabetes have high blood pressure?
Kidney disease, due to damage to the blood vessels in your kidneys. Many people with diabetes develop high blood pressure. That can also damage your kidneys.
Can you get diabetes if you don't take the right medicine?
They can also happen if you don't get the right amount of diabetes medicines. To try to prevent these problems, make sure to take your diabetes medicines correctly, follow your diabetic diet, and check your blood sugar regularly. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
