what are the 4 scales of measurement

What is a ratio scale?

Nominal or Classificatory Scales: When numbers or other symbols are used simply to classify an object, person or characteristic, or to identify the groups to which various objects belong, these numbers or symbols constitute a nominal or classificatory scale.

What is nominal scale?

Nominal scale is so primitive that some experts do not recognize it as measurement. It is the least precise or crude among the four basic scales of measurement. It simply implies the classification of an item into two or more categories without any extent or magnitude. There is no particular order assigned to them.

What is the difference between nominal and ordinal scales?

The fundamental difference between a nominal and an ordinal scale is that the Nominal scale incorporates the relation of ‘equivalence’ only while ordinal scale incorporates the relation of ‘equivalence’ as well as of ‘greater than’. This relation is ‘irreflexive’ i.e., it is not true that A = A.

What is the third level of measurement?

The third level of measurement is known as interval level. It has the characteristics of both nominal and ordinal level of scales. The additional characteristic it possesses is quality of interval. It means the distance or difference between any adjacent class on the scale can be known numerically.

What is a ranking level?

It is known as a ranking level. This level is one step above of the nominal level. It has the characteristics of equivalence and order. In this scale a set of objects is assigned a value on the basis of some rule , i.e. they are arranged or ordered according to some rule.

1. Nominal Scale

Nominal scale allows us classify observations into mutually exclusive qualitative categories or classes. For example, a staff member in an office can be classified either as male or female. At time of data collection numerical values (male: 1, female: 2) are not recommended to identify these two categories.

2. Ordinal or Ranking Scale

This scale has the property of ordering or ranking measurements. It includes the characteristics of a normal scale. For example, the performance of clerk is rated as excellent, good, fair or poor, or numberically rank it with numbers 1,2,3,4.

3. Interval Scale

Interval scale has a constant interval size (distance) but not a true zero point. Interval scale is used where difference between measurement is meaningul. For example, temperature (Celsius or Fahrenheit) is always measured against interval scale.

4. Ratio scale

It is a special kind of an interval scale where the scale of measurements has a true zero point as its origin - this allows us ot make statements about ratio of an attribute. The ratio scale is used to measure weight, volume, length, distance, money, etc.

What are the 4 measurement scales?

The four scales of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal: Categorical data and numbers that are simply used as identifiers or names represent a nominal scale of measurement.

Should HR be present at performance reviews?

1. HR managers should be present during negative reviews. Since negative reviews can generate unpredictable feedback, up to and including lawsuits, HR managers should stay close to the process to protect the company from exposure.

What is a 5-point rating scale?

In its final form, the Likert scale is a five (or seven) point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement.

What is the purpose of performance evaluation?

The purposes of the annual performance evaluation process are to promote communication and provide useful feedback about job performance, to facilitate better working relationships, to provide an historical record of performance and to contribute to professional development.

Who Should Participate in a performance review?

Other people — the human resources manager, coworkers, customers — may also be involved. A growing number of companies invite workers to review their supervisors to increase input and validity of appraisal results. The addition of peer and customer appraisal (360-degree feedback) is increasing for the same reason.

Can HR lie to you?

No. Just like with any job, they should not be lying. HR adheres to employment law and company guidelines so they are not supposed to lie. They are very aware of employment law and ethics though.

What are measurement instruments in research?

Measurement instrument refers to various methods through which a researcher obtains data from respondents for his research work. The term data refers to all forms of information that researchers obtain from the participant of the study.

What are the different types of scales used in statistics?

In this article, we will learn four types of scales such as nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale .

What is a quantitative measurement scale?

It is defined as a quantitative measurement scale in which the difference between the two variables is meaningful. In other words, the variables are measured in an exact manner, not as in a relative way in which the presence of zero is arbitrary.

What is nominal scale?

A nominal scale is the 1 st level of measurement scale in which the numbers serve as “tags” or “labels” to classify or identify the objects. A nominal scale usually deals with the non-numeric variables or the numbers that do not have any value.

What is nominal scale variable?

A nominal scale variable is classified into two or more categories. In this measurement mechanism, the answer should fall into either of the classes. It is qualitative. The numbers are used here to identify the objects. The numbers don’t define the object characteristics. The only permissible aspect of numbers in the nominal scale is “counting.”.

Why is interval scale quantitative?

The interval scale is quantitative as it can quantify the difference between the values. It allows calculating the mean and median of the variables. To understand the difference between the variables, you can subtract the values between the variables.

What is ratio scale?

The ratio scale is the 4 th level of measurement scale, which is quantitative. It is a type of variable measurement scale. It allows researchers to compare the differences or intervals. The ratio scale has a unique feature. It possesses the character of the origin or zero points.

Why doesn't the ratio scale have negative numbers?

It doesn’t have negative numbers, because of its zero-point feature. It affords unique opportunities for statistical analysis. The variables can be orderly added, subtracted, multiplied, divided. Mean, median, and mode can be calculated using the ratio scale. Ratio scale has unique and useful properties.