Basic Types of Magma.
- Basaltic Magma. Also often referred to as Malfic, Basaltic magmas are the hottest of all the magma types currently in existence, with temperatures ...
- Andesitic Magma.
- Felsic Magma.
- Ultramafic Magma.
What on Earth are the 7 different types of magma?
- Basaltic magma — SiO 2 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na
- Andesitic magma — SiO 2 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K
- Rhyolitic magma — SiO 2 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na
What are the three ways that magma can form?
What Are Three Ways Magma Can Form?
- Wet and Dry Melting. In order for magma to form, wet or dry melting of rocks or minerals must occur. ...
- Basaltic Magma. Basaltic magma is formed through dry partial melting of the mantle. ...
- Rhyolitic Magma. Rhyolitic magma forms as a result of wet melting of continental crust. ...
- Andesitic Magma. ...
What are the different types of magma?
Basic Types of Magma
- Basaltic Magma. Also often referred to as Malfic, Basaltic magmas are the hottest of all the magma types currently in existence, with temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1200 degrees C ...
- Andesitic Magma. ...
- Felsic Magma. ...
- Ultramafic Magma. ...
What are three features formed from magma?
Features formed by magma include volcanic necks, dikes, sills, and batholiths. What are the three major ways that magma forms? Magma forms by (1) heat being added to crustal rocks when hotter, deeper mantle rocks rise into the crust; (2) by a decrease in pressure without an increase in temperature; (3) by the addition of water, which can lower ...
What are types of magma?
There are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral composition. All types of magma have a significant percentage of silicon dioxide. Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium.
What are the four classification of magma?
A new multidimensional scheme consistent with the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is proposed for the classification of igneous rocks in terms of four magma types: ultrabasic, basic, intermediate, and acid.
What are the four main magma compositions?
4.1. For igneous rock, composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.
What is the most common type of magma?
Basaltic magma is the most fluid of the three types of magma, though it is still 10,000 to 100,000 times less fluid than water. It also has the lowest amount of gas of the three types. Basalt magma is found at Earth's "hot spots," such as Hawaii.
What are the 4 main types of igneous rocks?
As has already been described, igneous rocks are classified into four categories, based on either their chemistry or their mineral composition: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.
What are the 3 components of magma?
Magma and lava contain three components: melt, solids, and volatiles. The melt is made of ions from minerals that have liquefied.
What are the 4 types of plutons?
The most common rock types in plutons are granite, granodiorite, tonalite, monzonite, and quartz diorite.
What are the types of magma and its temperature?
Viscosity of MagmasSummary TableMagma TypeSolidified RockTemperatureBasalticBasalt1000 - 1200 oCAndesiticAndesite800 - 1000 oCRhyoliticRhyolite650 - 800 oCSep 14, 2015
Why are there so many different types of magma?
Why are there so many different types of magmas? Because it depends on the source, how it interacts with its surroundings (assimilation), and whether crystals sink as they form (partial melting and magma mixing).
What are the two types of magma?
Two types of magma are basaltic and andesitic magma.
Which type of magma is the most explosive?
Explosive eruptions are favored by high gas content & high viscosity magmas (andesitic to rhyolitic magmas). The explosive bursting of bubbles fragments the magma into clots of liquid that cool as they fall through the air. These solid particles become pyroclasts or volcanic ash.
What is magma made of?
Magma is a molten and semi-molten rock mixture found under the surface of the Earth. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid base, called the melt; minerals crystallized by the melt; solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the surrounding confines; and dissolved gases.
What are characteristics of magma?
A magma consists mostly of liquid rock matter, but may contain crystals of various minerals, and may contain a gas phase that may be dissolved in the liquid or may be present as a separate gas phase.
Why are there so many different types of magma?
Why are there so many different types of magmas? Because it depends on the source, how it interacts with its surroundings (assimilation), and whether crystals sink as they form (partial melting and magma mixing).
What are the sources of magma?
Magma originates in the lower part of the Earth's crust and in the upper portion of the mantle. Most of the mantle and crust are solid, so the presence of magma is crucial to understanding the geology and morphology of the mantle.
What is the formation of magma?
Magma forms from partial melting of mantle rocks. As the rocks move upward (or have water added to them), they start to melt a little bit. These little blebs of melt migrate upward and coalesce into larger volumes that continue to move upward. They may collect in a magma chamber or they may just come straight up.
1. Andesitic Magma
Containing between 55 and 65 percent silica content, andesitic magma is firmly in the middle of the scale for silica, but not for everything.
2. Basaltic Magma
Right below andesitic magma on the silica content scale, basaltic magma has roughly 45 to 55 percent silica content. However, it actually is a step above andesitic in terms of temperature, ranging from 1,832 to 2,192 degrees Fahrenheit.
3. Felsic Magma
At 65 to 70 percent silica content, felsic magma is the thickest and gassiest of all magma types. It’s a “cool” 1,202 to 1,472 degrees Fahrenheit but the thickness and gas content means it’s the most explosive of magmas, often forming bubbles that then burst.
4. Intermediate Magma
This type of magma is often confused with andesitic magma because it frequently becomes andesite and has similar qualities to andesitic magma. However, intermediate magma remains around 60 percent silica.
5. Mafic Magma
Mafic magma is a close kin to basaltic magma, having a silica content of roughly 50 percent and temperatures of 1,832 to a blistering 3,632 degrees Fahrenheit.
6. Rhyolitic Magma
This is actually a hybrid form of magma, containing both basaltic magma and at least one other silica source. The qualities of this magma type can vary greatly as a result.
7. Ultramafic Magma
You’ll probably have to pay a visit to Io, Mercury, or Venus if you want to see this type of magma in action. That’s because it runs at a crisp 2,900 degrees Fahrenheit or hotter. Also known as komatiite magma, it’s runnier than any other type of magma but thankfully no longer flows on our planet.
What are the three types of magma?
Magma is molten rock within the surface of the earth. T here are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral/chemical composition. Learn more about the different types of magma – here (slideshow).
What Is Magma? – What are the four parts of magma?
This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid base called the melt; minerals crystallized by the melt; solid rocks incorporated into the melt from the surrounding confines; and dissolved gases.
What is rhyolitic magma made of?
Rhyolitic Magma. Rhyolitic magma is a jelly-like type of magma that is made up of basaltic magma and siliceous materials. It has a silica content of 65-75%. This type of magma is low in iron, magnesium, and calcium while high in potassium and sodium. If rhyolite magma is gas-rich it can erupt explosively, forming a frothy solidified magma called ...
Why is felsic magma so violent?
Because of its high silica content, felsic magma is viscous, i.e. sticky, hence eruptions involving this type of magma tend to be violent. It’s common in hot spots in continental crust ( Yellowstone National Park) and in continental rifts.
What is the term for molten rock that is underground?
Scientists use the term magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth’s surface.
Why does komatiite magma not exist?
Komatiite magma or ultramafic magma no longer occurs due to cooler temperatures. However, this type of magma, when turned to lava, was fast flowing and extremely hot (2900ᵒ Fahrenheit).
Which magma has the highest silica content?
Intermediate Magma (Andesitic) Intermediate magma has higher silica content (roughly 60%) than mafic magma but lower than felsic magma. This results in higher gas content and viscosity. And, like felsic magma, it is thick and jelly-like. It usually occurs at convergent plate boundaries and island arcs.
How does magma affect the shape of a volcano?
Both the temperature and mineral content of magma affect how easily it flows. The viscosity (thickness) of the magma that erupts from a volcano affects the shape of the volcano. Volcanoes with steep slopes tend to form from very viscous magma, while flatter volcanoes form from magma that flows easily. Lava (magma that has erupted onto the Earth's ...
What is the temperature of basaltic magma?
Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. It ranges in temperature from about 1000oC to 1200oC (18 32oF to 2192oF). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800oC to 1000oC (1472oF to 1832oF).
What is the name of the rock that erupts from the mantle?
Much of the planet’s mantle consists of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption. When magma flows or erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is called lava. Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals. It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
What is the liquid rock that forms under the Earth's surface?
Magma . Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth’s surface. Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Much of the planet’s mantle consists of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption.
What color is lava?
Lava (magma that has erupted onto the Earth's surface) is visually mesmerizing – as the molten rock flows downhill, lava exposed to the air cools to a deep black color, while the molten rock beneath glows bright orange. dark-colored volcanic rock .
Is magma a solid or a mixture?
Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals. It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur. The high temperatures and pressure under Earth’s crust keep magma in its fluid state.
Which is more explosive, basalt or silicic magma?
Thus it is not hard to see why silicic magmas are potentially more explosive than basalt: they have more gas and are more viscous.
What type of magma is a basaltic andesite?
Other types of magmas - basaltic andesites, andesites, dacites, and rhyolites - contain progressively higher amounts of silica and they are often referred to as silicic, acidic, or evolved magmas. They are usually much lighter in color than basalts and contain mostly quartz and feldspar (Fig. 2.8).
What is the difference between basaltic magma and dacite?
We can compare these to cake batter: basaltic magma would be like a white, fluffy cake batter, while a crystal-rich dacite would resemble a heavy fruit-cake mixture. The white cake mixture will be much easier to stir with a spoon and to pour into a baking pan.
What is the explosivity of a volcano?
A volcano's explosivity is linked to the composition of its magma. The magma composition, in turn, is dependent on the volcano's tectonic setting: mid-oceanic ridge volcanoes erupt basaltic magma, while more silicic magmas are erupted along subduction zones. There are some exceptions to this general trend.
What temperature does basalt erupt?
Basalts erupt at hotter temperatures than the more silicic magmas. While basalt will be mostly solid below 1000 °C (1800 °F), the hottest rhyolites never reach that temperature. Table 2.1. Relation between composition and temperature of different magmas. Magma composition. Temperature (°C) Rhyolite. 7GG-. 9GG.
What determines magma viscosity?
There are several factors that determine magma viscosity but chemical composition, temperature, the amount of dissolved gases, and the proportion of solid materials (such as crystals) are the most important.
What are fire-fountains produced by?
Fig. 2.6. Fire-fountains are produced by eruptions of low-viscosity Hawaiian magma. These are spectacular events that can usually be viewed and photographed safely. This example is from Kilauea volcano in Hawaii. (Photograph by J. D. Griggs, courtesy of US Geological Survey.)
